一种新型的牡丹各持资源——牡丹高代杂种     

肖佳佳 《南方农业》2010,4(2):3-7

牡丹高代杂种属于牡丹革质花盘亚组与肉质花盘亚组间的远缘杂种，在育种及应用领域有着巨大潜力。本文介绍了牡丹高代杂种的育种历史、生物学特性，并结合我国牡丹种质资源的特点，阐述了牡丹高代杂种在我国的科学价值和应用前景。  相似文献   

花生在保护栽培条件下的就地加代研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

孙春梅  王建设  任丽 《中国油料作物学报》1999,21(3):49-51

１９９２～１９９７ 年在开封利用温室栽培等保护措施，采用“越冬加代”和“当年两代”的方式进行试验。共用花生材料９９ 份，全部收获种子，成功率１００％ 。加代当代反季节种植出苗率８６．５％ ，繁殖倍数２０．７。加代下代正常季节种植出苗率９１．６％ 。评价了４ 种加代方式的特点  相似文献   

双孢蘑菇同核原生质体育种技术研究：Ⅱ.同核原生质体的杂交   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

马爱民  贺冬梅  凌霞芳  潘迎捷 《食用菌学报》1995,2(4):11-17

为建立双孢蘑菇同核原生质体杂交育种体系,本文对同核原生质体亲合性反应及杂交异核体F_1代的农艺性状和F_2代的分离与变异规律进行了研究。结果表明:双孢蘑菇同核原生质体的杂交是一个较复杂的性亲合与核迁移过程,其杂交率较低。在按气生型×气生型、气生型×匍匐型、匍匐型×匍匐型组合的520个杂交配对中,共获得113个杂交异核体,平均杂交率为22%。本研究同时建立了以菌落形态、菌丝生长速度、羧甲基纤维素酶相对活性以及酯酶同功酶电泳为手段的杂交异核体鉴定体系。  相似文献   

白色力克斯兔、哈尔滨白兔及杂交后代血液蛋白多态性研究Ⅱ.用血液蛋白多态性剖析亲本品种与杂种后代的遗传关系     

庞有志  祖国庸  刘健  侯万文  孙金海 《中国兽医学报》1993,(1)

根据所测定的白色力克斯兔(WR)、哈尔滨白兔(HW)及杂种一代(F_1,?WR×?HW)和回交一代[B_1,?WRX×?F_1,包括分离出的力克斯毛型(B_1R)和正常毛型(B_1N)]的5个血液蛋白多态系统——红细胞酯酶(Es—1、Es—2和Es—3)、前转铁蛋白(Prt)和后白蛋白(Po)的基因频率和基因型新率,比较了群体间的基因分布,估算了各群体内的平均杂合度和群体间的遗传距离,并运用类平均聚类法进行了聚类分析.结果表明,白色力克斯兔和哈尔滨白兔基因分布差异最大.亲缘关系最远;杂种一代和回交一代基因分布差异最小,亲缘关系最近;杂交一代和回交一代与白色力克斯兔亲缘关系较近,与哈尔滨白兔较远;回交一代中B_1N和B_1R间基因分布也存在一定差异.各群体平均杂合度大小为0.5223(HW)、0.4182[B_1,0.4846(B_1N)和0.3223(B_R)]、0.1105(F_1)和0.3946(WR).研究结果表明,利用蛋白多态性探讨家兔品种或品系间亲缘关系以及区分家兔品种或品系是可行的.此外,本文还结合各群体的变异性,对白色力克斯免和哈尔滨白兔的选育进行了探讨.  相似文献   

Introduction of aromatic fragrance into cultivated tomato from the peruvianum complex'     

H. M. Kamal    T. Takashina    H. Egashira    H. Satoh  S. Imanishi 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(2):179-181

This study was performed to introduce the distinct aromatic fragrance of Lycopersicon peruvianum LA 1554 into the cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum. The strong breeding barriers existing between these two distantly related species were circumvented by the ovule selection and culture method. A large BC₁F₁ population was developed and among 127 plants, 36 were self‐compatible and yielded fruits. Fruits of some of these selected plants were found to be enriched with a sweet aromatic flavour. Sensory evaluation of the fruit aroma of these selected plants was performed by a panel of 12 members against one of the best consumer‐rated Japanese commercial tomato cultivars, ‘Momotaro’. Although extensive variation was observed in fruit‐aroma in the BC₁F₁ population, panel opinion on ‘flavour‐desirability’ significantly favoured the BC₁F₁ fruits of some selected plants over the cv. ‘Momotaro’. Therefore, it can be concluded that the aromatic fragrance of a ‘L. peruvianum’ accession has successfully been introduced into the cultivated tomato gene pool.  相似文献   

Early Generation Selection for Grain Yield in Narrow-Leaf Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)     

M. Ratinam  N. Thuriling 《Plant Breeding》1989,102(3):237-247

Experiments were undertaken to identify an efficient method of selection for yield in early segregating generations of narrow-leaf lupin crosses. A first series of experiments involved simulation of F₂ populations with mixtures of ten cultivars and advanced breeding lines. The performance of genotypes in mixtures sown at different densities was compared with their monoculture [commercial density) yields m the same and the following year. These comparisons provided a basis for assessing the value of different planting designs and different selection criteria in early generation selection for yield. Correlated monoculture yield responses to simulated selection for single plant yield were similar for the honeycomb design and standard selection procedures at both low and commercial densities. These responses were much higher than that for grid selection in a low density population. Correlated monoculture yield responses to selection for other plant characters were substantial only for flowering time and number of pod bearing branches under certain conditions. These responses were greatest for selection in a low density mixture and in the year following selection. A procedure involving selection of the earliest flowering plants and selection within this group of plants with the highest number of pod bearing branches should be an effective approach to early generation yield selection in the narrow-leaf lupin.  相似文献   

The degree of phenotypic resemblance of the near-isogenic lines of the wheat cultivar thatcher with their recurrent parent     

A. C. Zeven  J. Waninge 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):665-676

Summary Thatcher, 16 of its near-isogenic lines (NIL) and 8 donors were investigated for the degree in which the NILs phenotypically resembled their recurrent parent. In general the NILs have a good phenotypic resemblance. In a few NILs characters occur that are not seen in Thatcher. In some cases these are found in the donor indicating the presence of donor genes other than the marker gene in the NIL. In other cases a character possessed by a NIL is not present in Thatcher or in its donor. In such cases either inhibitor genes may play a part, or the donor accession that accompanies the set of NILs may not be the donor used to breed the NIL. Two causes are possible. One is that the donor was a mixture of genotypes, the other is contamination.The presence of donor genes other than the marker Lr gene(s) in a NIL may lead to unexpected results or, what is worse, to wrong conclusions.  相似文献   

Production and characterization of Raphanus sativus-Brassica rapa monosomic chromosome addition lines     

Y. Kaneko    H. Yano    S. W. Bang  Y. Matsuzawa 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(2):163-168

Breeding of Raphanus sativus‐Brassica rapa monosomic chromosome addition lines (MALs, 2n = 19) was carried out by backcrossing the synthesized amphidiploid line, Raphanobrassica (R. sativus×B. rapa, 2n = 38, RRAA, line RA89) with R. sativus cv. ‘Shogoin’ (2n = 18, RR). In the first cross of Raphanobrassica× radish, four sesquidiploidal BC₁ plants (2n = 28, RRA, RA89‐36‐1, RA89‐31‐1, RA89‐31‐2, RA89‐31‐3) were successfully developed. In these plants, the chromosome configurations of 9II + 10I and 10II + 8I were observed frequently at first metaphase (MI) of meiosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs). The RA 89‐36‐1 plant produced many seeds in the reciprocal backcrosses with radish. About 50% of the BC₂ plants obtained from the cross of RA89‐36‐1 plant × radish were 2n = 19 plants, followed by 2n = 18 plants (24%) and 2n = 20 plants (19%). In the reciprocal cross, 2n = 19 plants were also developed at the rate of 40%. From analysis of specific morphological traits, 2n = 19 plants were classified into eight types (a‐h). When 25 selected primers were used in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers derived from B. rapa for each type of MAL were detected in numbers between three for e‐type and 16 for b‐type. RAPD markers specific for each type alone were from one (OPE 05‐344) for h‐type to nine for b‐type. In the g‐type, no marker specific to this type alone was observed. However, 19 bands were common between at least two types. These MAL plants exhibited predominantly the chromosome configuration of 9II + 1I at MI of PMCs, pollen and seed fertility being the same level as the radish cv. ‘Shogoin’. From the morphological traits and DNA markers, eight different MAL types among 10 expected were identified.  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting sugars, organic acids and other biochemical properties possibly contributing to flavor, identified in four advanced backcross populations of tomato     

T.M. Fulton  P. Bucheli  E. Voirol  J. López  V. Pétiard  S.D. Tanksley 《Euphytica》2002,127(2):163-177

Although the Advanced Backcross strategy has proven very useful for QTL detection in tomato, it has been used mainly in identifying QTL for agronomic traits such as yield, color, etc. Tomato flavor is an important quality characteristic, yet it has been difficult to assess flavor or traits that affect it. In this study the AB-QTL strategy was applied to four advanced backcross populations to identify QTL for biochemical properties that may contribute to the flavor of processed tomatoes, such as sugars and organic acids. A total of 222 QTL were identified for 15 traits, including flavor as assessed by a taste panel. Correlations of certain biochemicals with flavor and possible methods of assessing and improving flavor are discussed. In particular, QTL with very significant effects associated with the ratio of sugars/glutamic acid, a trait highly correlated with improved flavor, have been identified as good targets for future work in improving the flavor of tomatoes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Selection for cold chipping genotypes from three early generations in a potato breeding program   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ryan J. Hayes  Christian A. Thill 《Euphytica》2002,128(3):353-362

Chipping potatoes are an important market for the processing industry. Of the traits influencing chip quality,chip color is market limiting since other traits have diminished value without light chip color. Cold (4 ^°C) storage can reduce storage losses and cultivars producing light colored chips directly from cold storage are needed for this reason. Selection for cold chipping cultivars is traditionally practiced by visual evaluation of progeny the first few years in the field, followed by selection for cold chipping in years 4–5. Early generation selection for cold chipping may reduce cultivar development time by identifying good chipping progeny, families and parents earlier in the breeding cycle. Progeny from 175 4x × 4x families were evaluated from three early generations. They were greenhouse grown tubers (GGT) evaluated after6 mo. storage using randomly selected progeny, and field grown single hills propagated from either seedling transplants (FTR), or from greenhouse grown tubers (FGT). Progeny from field grown generations were selected first by visual evaluation, and then by random selection and chipped after6 mo. (visual selections) or 3 and 6 mo. storage (random selections). Cold chipping progenies were found in all three early generations. The earliest generations for selection are GGT or FTR, but may be less efficient than FGT. Correlations suggest that reliable parent and family selection is possible using GGT data. Visual selection eliminated 4/5 of the good chipping progeny, while identifying 8 of 11,714 genotypes combining visual merit and cold chipping potential. Increased genetic variation and sexual polyploidization are possible strategies for increasing the number of desirable genotypes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献