Silicon pools and fluxes in soils and landscapes—a review     

Michael Sommer  Danuta Kaczorek  Yakov Kuzyakov  Jörn Breuer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(3):310-329

Silicon (Si) is the second‐most abundant element in the earth's crust. In the pedosphere, however, huge spans of Si contents occur mainly caused by Si redistribution in soil profiles and landscapes. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the different pools and fluxes of Si in soils and terrestrial biogeosystems. Weathering and subsequent release of soluble Si may lead to (1) secondarily bound Si in newly formed Al silicates, (2) amorphous silica precipitation on surfaces of other minerals, (3) plant uptake, formation of phytogenic Si, and subsequent retranslocation to soils, (4) translocation within soil profiles and formation of new horizons, or (5) translocation out of soils (desilication). The research carried out hitherto focused on the participation of Si in weathering processes, especially in clay neoformation, buffering mechanisms for acids in soils or chemical denudation of landscapes. There are, however, only few investigations on the characteristics and controls of the low‐crystalline, almost pure silica compounds formed during pedogenesis. Further, there is strong demand to improve the knowledge of (micro)biological and rhizosphere processes contributing to Si mobilization, plant uptake, and formation of phytogenic Si in plants, and release due to microbial decomposition. The contribution of the biogenic Si sources to Si redistribution within soil profiles and desilication remains unknown concerning the pools, rates, processes, and driving forces. Comprehensive studies considering soil hydrological, chemical, and biological processes as well as their interactions at the scale of pedons and landscapes are necessary to make up and model the Si balance and to couple terrestrial processes with Si cycle of limnic, fluvial, or marine biogeosystems.  相似文献   

Effects of Rice Straw Silicification and Characters of Extraction Biogenic Silicon on the Degradation of Fibrous Components in Rice Straw     

SHEN Heng-sheng  CHEN Jun-chen  Ni De-bin 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2002,1(3):342-348

Straw of seven rice varieties with early-, middle- and late maturity was collected from Huazhong Agricultural University in Hubei. A study was carried ont for rice straw in the aspects of the characters of straw silicification and extraction biogenic silica (EBSi), the relationship between characters of EBSi and kinetic characteristics of degradation of fibrous components in fistulated cows, as well as the effect of urea treatment on rice straw desilicification. Although total silica content (ADISi) in rice straw was similar, the efficiency of extraction biogenic silica (EEBSi) and cellulose in early varieties were significantly higher than those in middle (18.9% and 9.1%) and late ones (26.1% and 11.2%). The degradability of EBSi and cellulose of early varieties were higher than those of middle by 70.0% and 17.5%, and of late varieties by 47.8% and 23.7%, respectively. The in sacco degradability and in vitro VFA production of early varieties were also higher than those of middle by 14.5% and 19.0%, and late by 12.9% and 14.8%.Comparing the morphological fractions of the rice straws, EEBSi, cellulose content, and in vitro VFA production were different with the order of blade ＜ sheath ＜ stem. A significant correlation was found between the contents of EBSi and cellulose (r = 0.86), and the two contents were remarkably correlated with the potential straw degradability (a + b) by r = 0.90 and 0.84 respectively. Therefore, EBSi in rice straw was a main factor affecting the potential degradability of rice straw, rather than the ADISi of straw. Urea treatment improved rice straw degradability, degradation rate and potential degradability by 10.8%, 27.9%,and 10.1% respectively, compared to untreated straws.  相似文献   

Comparison studies of the chemical,physical, technological,and microbiological characteristics of the European roe deer,boar, red deer,and beaver hunted wild game meat     

Dovile Klupsaite  Vilija Buckiuniene  Sonata Sidlauskiene  Vita Lele  Vytaute Sakiene  Paulina Zavistanaviciute  Jolita Klementaviciute  Ema Viskontaite  Elena Bartkiene 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

The aim of this research was to perform comparison studies of the chemical, physical, technological, and microbiological characteristics, including biogenic amines (BAs) and volatile compounds (VC), of the European roe deer (RDM), boar (BoM), red deer (ReDM), and beaver (BM) hunted wild game meat (HWGM). The outcome of this study showed a significant effect (p < .05) of animal species on protein content, pH, drip loss, shear force, cooking loss, color coordinates, total count of enterobacteria, and most of the VC. ReDM had the highest protein content (23.15%), cooking loss, L* and b* values. The lowest protein and cholesterol content and L* value and the highest pH, shear force, drip loss, and fat content were established in BM having the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (64.12% from total FA). The total UFA content in ReDM and BM was almost twofold higher, compared with saturated FA. Small amounts of main BAs (<7.8 mg/kg) were found in ReDM and BM, while a higher content of putrescine in RDM and BoM was established. The main VCs in HWGM were acetoin, pelargonic, and acetic acid. These findings provide a valuable data about the HWGM quality characteristics and might aid food manufacturers to improve and enhance the processing of the HWGM.  相似文献   

水产品中生物胺的研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵利  苏伟  刘建涛  胡火根  戴银根 《水产学报》2006,30(2):272-276

1前言 生物胺（biogenic amine）是一类低分子量含氮有机化合物的总称。在生物体内，生物胺最主要的生物合成途径是氨基酸经脱羧酶类催化的脱羧反应，生成相应的胺和CO2，通式如下.  相似文献   

镉离子在三正辛胺为载体的支撑液膜中的传输     

毛利美  谢达平 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,23(2):173-176

用三正辛胺为载体，聚丙烯微孔膜为支撑体的支撑液膜体系处理含镉料液，得出影响镉离子传输的参数。  相似文献   

角倍蚜秋季迁飞和生殖能力的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邱明生  赵志模 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,17(1):39-41

对角倍秋迁蚜的迁飞行为和生殖能力研究表明，角倍爆裂后，秋迁蚜迁飞与光照强弱无明显相关，高峰期在１６～１７时，随机降落，但当降落在非寄主上时，可能产生２次迁飞，并迁至冬寄主提灯藓上定居繁殖，秋迁蚜自迁飞后的第２天开始孤雌生殖幼蚜，其生殖期为５天左右，在非寄主和水面，每蚜生殖量平均分别为１０．７头和２０．１头。  相似文献   

水产品中生物胺的测定方法     

刘辰麒  王锡昌  丁卓平 《上海海洋大学学报》2007,(4):357-361

用高效液相色谱法同时分离检测水产品中的多组分生物胺.这些生物胺包括：色胺,章鱼胺,2-苯乙胺,腐胺,尸胺,组胺,5-羟色胺,酪胺,亚精胺和精胺.高氯酸溶液提取,丹酰氯衍生,再用氨水去除尸胺干扰峰.C18反相色谱柱,用醋酸胺和乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温40 ℃;254 nm下紫外检测器检测.结果表明：平均回收率是79.59%～111.10%;相对标准偏差为2.6%～15.8%;方法检测限（信噪比S/N=3）：腐胺、亚精胺0.8 μg/g;尸胺、组胺、酪胺、精胺1 μg/g;章鱼胺、5-羟色胺2 μg/g;2-苯乙胺3 μg/g;色胺5 μg/g.  相似文献   

Changes in biogenic amines during maturation of sardine Sardina pilchardus marinade   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nalan  GÖKO&#;LU 《Fisheries Science》2003,69(4):823-829

  相似文献   

不同剂量20％呋虫胺SG对水稻褐飞虱的防效   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱昌稳 《安徽农业科学》2014,(16):5012-5013,5141

[目的]验证20％呋虫胺SG防治水稻褐飞虱的效果.[方法]设7个处理,研究不同剂量20％呋虫胺SG对水稻褐飞虱的防效.[结果]20％呋虫胺SG对褐飞虱成虫和若虫均有较好的防治效果,且持效期达16 d以上并随着使用剂量的增加防效也增加.[结论]20％呋虫胺SG是水稻田防治褐飞虱较为安全的理想药剂.  相似文献   

水产品中生物胺的测定方法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘辰麒  王锡昌  丁卓平 《上海水产大学学报》2007,16(4):357-361

用高效液相色谱法同时分离检测水产品中的多组分生物胺.这些生物胺包括：色胺,章鱼胺,2-苯乙胺,腐胺,尸胺,组胺,5-羟色胺,酪胺,亚精胺和精胺.高氯酸溶液提取,丹酰氯衍生,再用氨水去除尸胺干扰峰.C18反相色谱柱,用醋酸胺和乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温40 ℃;254 nm下紫外检测器检测.结果表明：平均回收率是79.59%～111.10%;相对标准偏差为2.6%～15.8%;方法检测限（信噪比S/N=3）：腐胺、亚精胺0.8 μg/g;尸胺、组胺、酪胺、精胺1 μg/g;章鱼胺、5-羟色胺2 μg/g;2-苯乙胺3 μg/g;色胺5 μg/g.  相似文献