Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani in soils by bioassay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. F. Carnegie †  J. W. Choiseul  A. M. I. Roberts 《Plant pathology》2003,52(1):13-21

The sensitivity of a bioassay in detecting soil inoculum of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani was examined using potato minitubers and microplants. Tests were conducted on soils which were collected from fields in which the interval after a previous potato crop differed, and which were also artificially infested with conidia or microsclerotia. For C. coccodes , determining plant infection based on the occurrence of infected roots after 9–12 weeks was a sensitive method for detecting and quantifying the amount of inoculum in soil. Infestations of less than 0·4 microsclerotia per g soil were detected in artificially infested soils. A semiselective medium, developed for isolating C. gloeosporioides from pepper, detected soil infestations by C. coccodes as low as nine conidia or one microsclerotium per g soil in artificially infested soil. For H. solani , infection on minitubers was a sensitive measure, with soil inoculum of fewer than 10 conidia per g soil being detected. Soil infestation could be quantified by assessing the percentage surface area of minitubers covered by sporulating lesions, which was strongly related to the amount of soil infestation. The results of these bioassay tests were compared with published results for real-time quantitative PCR assays on the same soils. The two methods were in good agreement in artificially infested soils, but the bioassay appeared to be more sensitive with naturally infested soils.  相似文献   

黑杨萎蔫枝叶对棉铃虫生殖行为的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

郭线茹  原国辉  李为争  马继盛  沈佐锐 《植物保护学报》2003,30(2):148-152

研究了黑杨(Populus nigra)萎蔫枝叶及其气味对棉铃虫成虫的隐藏部位、产卵部位、交配率及产卵量等的影响，并对黑杨萎蔫枝把在田间诱集到的棉铃虫雌蛾进行了解剖观察。结果表明，在田间，黑杨萎蔫枝把诱集到的棉铃虫93．3％已经交配。在气候箱中，放置黑杨萎蔫枝叶的环境中配对饲养的棉铃虫，经过1个暗期和2个暗期后，其交配率与对照环境中的均无显著差异。在光期开始时，有51．5％的成虫隐藏在饲养笼内所设置的黑杨叶子圆片下，对照纱布圆片下仅有16．7％。叶子圆片所在区域的日平均落卵量显著大于对照区。黑杨萎蔫枝叶及其气味对棉铃虫的产卵前期、产卵持续期、成虫寿命和产下50％的卵所用的时间无显著影响，但饲养笼内有黑杨枝把或黑杨叶片气味存在时，棉铃虫的产卵量比模拟枝把和对照显著提高。  相似文献   

水杨酸和乙烯在烟草抗黑胫病中的作用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

王长春  蔡新忠  林敬州  郑重 《植物保护学报》2003,30(3):295-299

5mmol/L水杨酸或1g/L乙烯外源处理可诱导烟草对黑胫病的抗性，推迟植株死亡。不能积累水杨酸的转nahG基因植株和不表现乙烯应答反应的转etr1-1基因植株对黑胫病的抗性显著弱于野生型植株。组成性积累高水平水杨酸的转entC和pmsB基因植株对黑胫病的抗性明显强于野生型植株。这些结果说明水杨酸和乙烯增强烟草对黑胫病的抗性，减缓黑胫病的扩展。0．5mmol/L KCN连续浇灌植株4天或浸溃叶片2，4h均不能恢复转nahG基因植株丧失的对黑胫病的抗病性。此结果进一步支持关于KCN处理不能恢复转nahG基因植株丧失的对真菌病害抗病性的假说。  相似文献   

温度对稻茎毛眼水蝇实验种群增长的影响     

叶正襄  秦厚国  罗任华  李华 《植物保护学报》1997,24(2):137-141

试验结果表明:在17～31℃恒温范围内,稻茎毛眼水蝇的发育速率随温度上升呈逻辑斯蒂曲线趋势。幼虫、蛹存活率、成虫产卵量、种群增长指数随温度的上升呈抛物线趋势。卵孵化率在20～31℃范围内无显著差异,均在92％以上。在17℃和35℃时,孵化率下降至86.67％和76.36％。在35℃时,幼虫不能存活,成虫不产卵。  相似文献   

对虾的免疫机制及其疾病预防策略的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

魏克强  许梓荣 《中国兽药杂志》2004,38(9):25-29

在对虾的细胞免疫中血细胞是主要的作用因素,而体液免疫是血淋巴中的一些酶和调节因子,机体还可以被诱导产生特殊的免疫保护反应.应用免疫增强剂、疫苗和基因工程技术为预防对虾病害提供了有效的途径.本文根据国内外的有关资料,就对虾的免疫机制和疾病预防策略进行了综述.  相似文献   

覆膜对宁南山区马铃薯光合特性和产量的影响     

吴佳瑞  康建宏  吴娜  禄兴丽  慕宇  孙建波 《干旱地区农业研究》2019,37(4):208-214

以青薯9号原种为材料，采用大田单因素随机区组设计，以不覆膜为对照，研究了覆盖黑膜和白膜对马铃薯光合特性、荧光参数、干物质积累以及产量的影响。结果表明：与不覆膜相比，覆膜条件下马铃薯净光合速率提高0.4~3.0个百分点，气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度平均增加31.45%和6.58%，Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、PI分别提高了2.47%、12.18%、20.93%；蒸腾速率在马铃薯生育前期覆膜比不覆膜降低20.82%，而后期却比对照增加8.55%，热耗散量子比率Fo/Fm覆膜较不覆膜处理降低7.11%，差异达显著水平；覆膜比不覆膜处理条件下马铃薯干物质积累量增加0.25~1.86个百分点，大薯率和中薯率分别增加33.78%，15.73%，每公顷产量增加43.08%，其中黑膜处理的各项指标优于白膜，黑膜比白膜和不覆膜增产16.86%、54.20%，差异达显著水平。因此，覆膜处理可以显著提高马铃薯的光合性能、荧光参数和产量，有效缓解干旱等逆境引起的马铃薯的衰老，减轻干旱对马铃薯的危害。在宁南山区，马铃薯采用黑色地膜覆盖栽培技术具有延缓叶片衰老和增加产量的作用。  相似文献   

Phenotypic plasticity of two invasive alien plant species inside a deciduous forest in a strict nature reserve in Italy     

Mirko Umberto Granata  Francesco Bracco 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2020,39(4):346-364

ABSTRACT

Invasive alien plant species (IAPs) represent one of the main biological threats to biodiversity worldwide. Information about their phenotypic plasticity are needed to increase awareness about their future invasive potential. A study about phenotypic plasticity in response to contrasting light regimes and its quantification by a plasticity index (PI) of two IAPs (Ailanthus altissima and Robinia pseudoacacia) inside a Strict Nature Reserve was conducted. R. pseudoacacia showed a 70% higher PI, with a strongly greater value at morphological leaf level, associated with a greater ability to survive and grow in forest understory, explaining its greater widespread. Otherwise, A. altissima showed its highest PI at physiological level, which was associated with the ability to colonize and grow in environments with high-light regimes. Based on these results, the conservative management has limited the presence of A. altissima by its lower ability to grow in forest understory. In fact, the small-scale gaps in the forest infrastructure, that could allow its recruitment, are originated only from the death of a single tree or small group of trees. Regarding R. pseudoacacia, it is critical to maintain this type of management because any disturbances resulting in large openings could further promote its presence inside the Reserve.  相似文献   

袋栽黑木耳菌包困菌出耳的技术误区分析     

王相刚  李艳芳  张立伟  王吉如  尹晓宇  史春哥  缪元霞 《现代农业科技》2020,(6)

本文针对黑木耳袋料栽培工艺中的困菌出耳技术误区进行了剖析,分析了该误区现状及产生原因,并提出了相应的对策,以期为科学袋栽黑木耳提供参考。  相似文献   

Digestive Enzyme Activity during Larval Development of Black Snook,Centropomus nigrescens          下载免费PDF全文

Carlos Yanes‐Roca  Mayra E. Toledo‐Cuevas  Lizbeth J. Sánchez  Ana Born‐Torrijos  Nicole Rhody  Kevan L. Main 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(3):612-624

Black snook, Centropomus nigrescens, have been identified as a promising candidate for aquaculture although, like many of the Centropomid species, high mortality associated with early larval stages presents a significant bottleneck to their commercialization. The digestive capacity of black snook larvae throughout the first 37 d after hatch (d.a.h.) was evaluated by quantifying digestive enzyme activities using biochemical techniques. Results showed that black snook larvae have alkaline proteases at hatching, which are known to be important during the first days of feeding for digestion. Toward the end of the study, acid proteases concentration increased (37 d.a.h.). Enzymes for lipid digestion, pancreatic lipase and bile salt‐activated lipase, were already present in the larvae before exogenous feeding commenced, and their activity increased with age and growth (length). Intracellular digestion, measured as the activity of leucine‐alanine peptidase, was high early on (5 d.a.h.) and decreased as development progressed (next 32 d). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was lowest at first feeding and subsequently increased with age. Overall patterns in enzyme activity suggest the possibility of live feed weaning before 32 d.a.h. if artificial diets can be properly balanced.  相似文献   

Use of Porcine Meal in Plant‐based Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

Xuan Qiu  D. Allen Davis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(3):582-589

Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate and confirm the efficacy of a porcine meal (PM) with high protein content (>90%) as an alternative feed ingredient in commercial‐type feed formulation for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six experimental diets were formulated for the two growth trials. The first five diets contained increasing levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6%) of PM as a replacement for soybean meal in a plant‐based diet with low inclusion level (6%) of fish meal (FM). The last experimental diet was produced utilizing 4.2% PM to completely replace FM. In Trial 1, shrimp (1.5 g initial mean weight, 20 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered test diets for 6 wk in a semirecirculation system. At the end of Trial 1, shrimp fed with the diet containing 6% PM exhibited significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival compared to those fed with the diet devoid of FM. As survival was poor across all treatments and different densities could mask growth results the trial was repeated. In Trial 2, shrimp (0.85 g, 15 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered diets for 6 wk. Dietary supplementation of PM at 6% significantly improved WG, FCR, and apparent net protein retention in contrast with the treatment devoid of FM, confirming the same trends in Trial 1. No significant difference was detected in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral profiles of whole‐body shrimp as well as survival across all the treatments. Results of this study indicate that PM is a good high protein source in shrimp feeds, which can be included up to 6% in the low FM‐based diet without compromising the growth of shrimp.  相似文献