Utilization of dietary starch and glucose tolerance in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of different strains in seawater     

Carol Nelson Mazur  D. A. Higgs  E. Plisetskaya  B. E. March 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1992,10(4):303-313

Juvenile chinook salmon of three strains responded to inclusion of 28.7% of gelatinized starch in the diet with different degrees of reduction in growth rate and feed efficiency relative to control fish of the respective strains fed a low-starch, high-lipid diet of similar protein (46%) and estimated metabolizable energy content (16 mJ/kg). The productive protein value of the diet was not reduced to the same extent by the high intake of starch. Carcasses of fish fed the high-starch diet contained higher concentrations of protein and lower concentrations of lipid than control fish. The accumulation of liver glycogen in response to the high-starch diet differed among strains. Glucose tolerance curves also varied among strains but were poorly correlated with plasma concentrations of insulin. Tolerance to glucose loading was improved in fish previously fed the high-starch diet.  相似文献   

钾硅肥配施对胡麻茎秆碳水化合物及抗倒性的影响     

刘亚辉  郭丽琢  高玉红  王月萍 《中国油料作物学报》2022,44(2):410-423

为明确钾硅肥施用对胡麻茎秆碳水化合物主要成分含量及抗倒伏特性的影响,探讨钾硅肥运筹调控胡麻茎秆抗倒伏能力的机制,选用裂区试验设计进行了研究,以两个品种为主处理,三个K2O钾肥用量(K0:不施钾;K1:52.5 kg/hm2;K2:105 kg/hm2)为副处理,两个SiO2硅肥用量(Si0:不施硅;Si1:90 kg/...  相似文献   

Supply of tree-holes limits nest density of cavity-nesting birds in primary and logged subtropical Atlantic forest     

Kristina L. Cockle  Kathy Martin  Mark C. Drever 《Biological conservation》2010,143(11):2851-2857

Tree cavities are proposed to limit populations and structure communities of cavity-nesting birds. Although the greatest diversity of cavity-nesting birds is found in tropical and subtropical moist forests, little is known about how tropical logging affects the abundance of cavities or cavity-nesting birds. We compared the abundance of cavities and cavity nests between primary and selectively-logged subtropical moist Atlantic forest in Argentina, and conducted the first before-after controlled nest-box addition experiment to determine whether nest sites limit the breeding density of cavity-nesting birds in tropical or subtropical moist forest. Visual inspection of 86 cavities identified through ground-surveys revealed that only 19% were suitable for nesting birds, suggesting that cavity abundance may be overestimated in the literature on tropical forests. Suitable cavities were found in fewer than 1% of 1156 trees <60 cm dbh but 20% of 20 trees >100 cm dbh. Logged forest had half the basal area of primary forest, one third the density of large trees, nine times fewer cavities suitable for nesting birds, and 17 times fewer active nests. When we added nest boxes, nesting density increased on treatment plots but not on control plots in both logged and primary forest, suggesting that cavity supply can limit nest density even in relatively undisturbed forest. This is the first experiment to show how reduced cavity supply in logged tropical forest can limit breeding density of cavity-nesting birds. International initiatives such as forest certification should promote tropical timber management strategies that conserve large live cavity-bearing trees.  相似文献   

Prespawn mortality in adult spring Chinook salmon outplanted above barrier dams     

M. L. Keefer  G. A. Taylor  D. F. Garletts  G. A. Gauthier  T. M. Pierce  C. C. Caudill 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2010,19(3):361-372

Keefer ML, Taylor GA, Garletts DF, Gauthier GA, Pierce TM, Caudill CC. Prespawn mortality in adult spring Chinook salmon outplanted above barrier dams.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 361–372. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Dams without fish passage facilities block access to much of the historic spawning habitat of spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Oregon’s Willamette River basin. Adult salmon are routinely outplanted above the dams to supplement natural production, but many die before spawning despite extensive suitable habitat. In 2004–2007, we examined prespawn mortality patterns using live detection and carcass recovery data for 242 radio‐tagged outplants. Total prespawn mortality was 48%, but variability was high, ranging from 0% to 93% for individual release groups. Prespawn mortality was strongly condition dependent, consistently higher for females than males and higher for early release groups. Across years, warm water temperature in the migration corridor and at the collection site was associated with sharply higher mortality. Results highlight a need for better evaluations of the effects of adult mortality on population reintroduction and recovery and relationships among prespawn mortality, dam‐related temperature change and salmon life history and behaviour.  相似文献   

Low-protein supplement increases protein retention and reduces the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus wasted by rainbow trout fed on low-fat herring     

RUOHONEN  VIELMA  & GROVE 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1999,5(2):83-91

The growth, food utilization and amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus lost into the water by rainbow trout (initial size 485 g) fed on low-fat Baltic herring and supplemented with a low-protein dry diet fed separately were studied in an 18-week net cage trial. Similarly to balancing protein and nonprotein energy in full diets, giving nonprotein energy in different feeds several hours apart improved the protein retention of low-fat herring to a level comparable to a commercially available dry diet control. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus lost into the water were also reduced to the same extent. The losses from the plain herring-feeding were twice as high. The improved protein retention and reduced nutrient losses were accompanied by 15–25% reductions in growth of the fish compared with the control dry diet. The growth of the fish fed on plain herring was 14% lower than the growth on the dry diet control.  相似文献   

Influences of Forest Decline on Various Properties of Soils at Mt. Hirugatake, Tanzawa Mountains, Kanto District, Japan     

Kenji Ohse  Kenji Tamura  Haruo Tanaka  Teruo Higashi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(1):37-42

At Mt. Hirugatake in the Tanzawa Mountains, Kanto district, Japan, the deciduous broadleaved forests have rapidly declined. In our previous studies, we reported that the amount of soil organic matter had significantly decreased at the early and final stages of forest decline, and that the soil microbial biomass also showed a large decrease at these stages, suggesting that the composition of soil organic matter might have also changed with forest decline. To clarify the influences of forest decline on the composition of soil organic matter, the amount of humic substances, optical properties of humic acid, and the amount of soil carbohydrates in surface soils at different stages of forest decline were investigated. The amounts of humic acid and fulvic acid decreased to a lesser extent at the early and middle stages of forest decline, and showed a significant decrease at the final stage. As the amount of humin significantly decreased at the early stage, it was plausible that the distinct decrease in the total carbon content of the soil surface horizons at the early stage of forest decline was induced by the decrease in the amount of humin, and at the final stage, by the decrease in the amounts of humic acid and fulvic acid. The amount of soil carbohydrates did not change appreciably with forest decline although the soil organic matter content markedly decreased. It was suggested that most of the carbohydrates in the soil surface horizons were in a stabilized form consisting of complexes with humic substances, metals, and minerals, and would not be affected by the environmental changes associated with forest decline.  相似文献   

水稻籽粒碳氮代谢与品质性状间遗传相关性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李亚娟  陈志雄  梁康迳  林文雄  梁义元 《中国生态农业学报》2006,14(3):176-179

研究分析水稻籽粒C、N代谢与稻米主要品质性状间遗传相关性结果表明,水稻籽粒C、N代谢与稻米主要品质性状间有一定遗传相关性,提高可溶性糖含量,则糖氮比显著提高,糙米长、千粒重和直链淀粉含量显著降低;提高全N含量可能显著提高糙米厚和直链淀粉含量,而糖氮比、糙米长和千粒重随之显著降低;随糖氮比的提高,糙米厚、千粒重和直链淀粉含量将显著降低。种子、细胞质和母体植株3套遗传体系同时对成对性状的遗传相关性起作用,且各遗传体系在不同成对性状间的作用效果各异,可溶性糖含量与糙米宽、可溶性糖含量与糙米厚、全N含量与糙米长、全N含量与糙米厚等成对性状间遗传相关性主要受种子直接效应的控制;而可溶性糖含量与糙米长宽比、可溶性糖含量与千粒重、可溶性糖含量与直链淀粉含量、全N含量与糙米宽、全N含量与糙米长宽比、糖氮比与糙米宽、糖氮比与糙米厚等成对性状则以母体植株效应为主。  相似文献   

饲料碳水化合物水平对南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)幼鱼肝脏、胰脏和肾脏的组织学影响     

成成  谢小军  罗毅平  袁伦强  林小植 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,29(6):103-108

为研究饲料碳水化合物对南方鲇（Silurus meridionalis）的组织结构的影响,配制分别含0%,15%,30%糊化玉米淀粉的等能饲料分别作为对照、中水平和高水平碳水化合物（CHO）饲料,观察以3种饲料喂养8周后南方鲇鱼体肝脏、胰脏和肾脏的组织形态学.结果发现：中水平碳水化合物和高水平碳水化合物组的肝细胞多发生肿胀和空泡化,部分肝细胞膜破裂.中水平碳水化合物和高水平碳水化合物组的肝细胞密度差异不显著,二者均显著低于对照组（p〈0.05）.高水平碳水化合物组肝细胞短径显著大于对照组（p〈0.05）,二者均与中水平碳水化合物组无显著差异.中水平碳水化合物和高水平碳水化合物组肝细胞核多移至细胞边位,大小无明显变化.中水平碳水化合物和高水平碳水化合物组的胰脏和肾脏组织结构与对照组相比没有明显变化.结果表明：摄食过高水平碳水化合物饲料对南方鲇幼鱼的肝脏组织结构有一定程度的损害,验证了饲料碳水化合物对肉食性鱼类在组织学水平上的营养胁迫.  相似文献   

盐胁迫对番茄幼苗转化酶表达及糖代谢的影响          下载免费PDF全文

程智慧  高芸  孟烯文 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,35(1):184-188

以栽培番茄(Ly cop ersicon escu lentum M ill.)品种中杂9号6叶期幼苗为试验材料,在水培条件下研究了50,100,200,400 m g/L N aC l胁迫处理对番茄幼苗根系和叶片转化酶活性表达,及叶片中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和淀粉代谢的影响。结果表明,转化酶的表达水平与盐胁迫强度和时间有密切关系,根系中转化酶在50 m g/LN aC l胁迫后5和11 d,或100 m g/L N aC l胁迫5和13 d均有极显著高表达;200和400 m g/L N aC l胁迫后11 d有极显著表达;叶片对微盐和高盐伤害的抵御反应强烈,转化酶在50和400 m g/L N aC l胁迫后11 d有显著表达。与叶片中转化酶表达的胁迫强度和胁迫时间相关,叶片中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖水平提高;胁迫后至第11天,50,100和200 m g/L N aC l处理叶片中淀粉含量增幅随胁迫强度的增加而增大,而400 m g/L N aC l处理的增幅较小。  相似文献   

桃花芽分化期蛋白质、氨基酸和碳水化合物含量的变化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孙旭武  李唯  王力荣  朱更瑞  方伟超 《甘肃农业大学学报》2004,39(3):295-299

以6个不同需冷量桃品种为试验对象,采用石蜡切片法观察了花芽分化进程,并测定了花芽分化期与花芽着生在同一节位的叶片中的可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸和可溶性糖的含量。结果表明:随着品种需冷量的增加,不同品种花芽分化的各个阶段开始的时间有所推迟,萼片分化期所用的时间逐渐延长,雌蕊分化期所用的时间逐渐缩短,而花瓣和雄蕊分化期所用的时间差异不大。不同品种间叶片中代谢物质含量的变化总的趋势较为一致,代谢物质的含量受品种需冷量和外界生态环境因素共同影响。低需冷量桃品种花芽分化期叶片中的代谢物质的含量比长需冷量桃品种相对高些。综合两方面因素,低需冷量桃品种花芽分化的各个阶段时间较为充足,叶片对花芽的代谢物质的供应较为充足,从而使得其花芽分化质量较高;而长需冷量桃品种的情况则相反,所以使得其花芽分化的质量较低。  相似文献