Determination of Effective Degree-Day for Supporting Chemical Control Against Cutworms （Lep. Noctuinae） in the Sugar Beet     

Magdalena Jakubowska  Felicyta Walczak  JerzyJzefatLipa 《农业科学与技术》2012,(3):314-326

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Effect of high rates of zinc on several crops grown on an irrigated plainfield sand     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):187-195

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to determine whether Zn applied for pathogen control could accumulate to a level which would be toxic to snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn. Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) was applied at rates varying from 0 to 363 kg Zn/ha on a Flainfield loamy sand to approximate 3, 9, 27 and 81 years of fungicidal treatment.

Even at the high rate of Zn, yields of snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn generally were not reduced. As rates of applied Zn increased, there was a corresponding increase in the level of Zn in the leaf tissue of all crops grown. At the high Zn rate, snapbean and cucumber leaf tissue accumulated over 350 ppm Zn. Available soil Zn was extracted with 0.1N HCl, EDTA, or DTPA. Highly significant correlations were observed between the Zn removed by each extractant and plant tissue Zn, thus, indicating that the various extractants were equally effective in predicting Zn uptake.

Very little downward movement of Zn was observed. Two and one‐half years after application, the Zn had leached to a depth of only 30 cm in the soil profile at the higher Zn rates.

These data indicate that application of Zn‐containing fungicides and bactericides should not cause a Zn toxicity problem on the Plainfield sand in the foreseeable future.  相似文献   

大通沙地柏大田移植育苗技术     

曾中兰 《青海农林科技》2013,(1):76+79-76,79

2012年进行了沙地柏大田移植育苗试验，本文介绍了沙地柏大田育苗的整地做床、栽培及苗期管理等技术。  相似文献   

Effect of Planting Sequence and Time, and Nitrogen on Maize Legume Intercrop Yield     

W. B. Bryan  S. A. Peprah 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1988,161(1):17-22

Productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) legume intercrops is determined by soil, management, and environment. Planting sequence and time and N fertilization are easily controlled management factors but their effects on intercrop yields are not well understood. Maize grown in monoculture or intercropped with polebean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Warp.) was studied for two growing seasons at Morgantown, WV. Crops were seeded in the following sequences: maize before legume, both at the same time, and legume before maize. Planting times were early May or mid June. Nitrogen was applied at 0 or 160 kg ha⁻¹. Maize grain and forage, legume grain and forage, and total forage production were determined on a dry matter basis. Intercropping (average of all treatments) reduced maize grain and forage yields compared to maize in monoculture but had no effect on total forage production. However, total forage production was greatest when the seeding sequence was maize intercropped at the same time or before cowpea. Cowpea never produced grain, but forage production was almost double that of polebean. Maize produced most forage when seeded before the legumes, and the legumes produced most forage when seeded before maize. Early planting increased maize production and decreased legume production. Nitrogen increased maize grain, maize forage, and total forage yields but had not effect on legume forage production. It is concluded that maize/legume intercrops show promise for increasing forage production in temperate areas and more research on planting times and densities, weed control, harvesting and management is needed.  相似文献   

The effect of PHA-lectins and diet composition on performance and intestinal development in weaning piglets     

J.W. Kluess  J. Koninkx  P. Bikker  J. Fledderus  A. Dirkzwager  B. Veldman 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):288-291

Anti-nutritional factors such as PHA-lectins (phytohaemagglutinin) in piglet diets can compromise piglet's performance and health by gut damage, which is especially important at weaning. Two trials were conducted to investigate the effect of PHA and fermentable carbohydrates on performance, gut morphology, physiology and microbiology in piglets weaned at 26 days.

We studied dietary PHA as a model to standardize gut damage and its effect on intestinal morphology and microbiology in piglets until 2 weeks post weaning. In general, significant lower values were observed on day 7 compared to day 14 post weaning (d7 vs. d14: 358 vs. 442 μm villus height; 42.1 vs. 108.7 U/g protein sucrase-isomaltase), indicating gut maturation. We observed very few changes between day of weaning to day 7 post weaning, lactobacilli counts being most affected (8.9, 6.9, 7.4 cfu/g for d0, d7, d14). Apart from these marked time effects the effect of PHA was negligible and thus a less suitable model to standardize gut damage in this setup.

Furthermore we studied the effect of PHA in combination with rapid or slow fermentable carbohydrates (CHO) on performance and physiological parameters. We observed a dramatic effect on performance (ADG g/d: 245 no PHA + low CHO, 111 PHA + low CHO, 132 PHA + rapid CHO, 105 PHA + slow CHO), which was less clearly reflected in the physiological parameters.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地臭柏、油蒿细根生产动态及影响因子   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

吴国玺  张国盛  王林和  秦艳  邬俊义  郝云龙  于斯琴高娃 《干旱区资源与环境》2007,21(6):156-162

在毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心北试实验地选取了七块样地,并依据建群植被外貌特征划分为臭柏群落、臭柏灌丛、油蒿群落三类。用根钻对各样地一个生长季内的根系进行了五次取样,同时测量土壤水分、枝条生长长度、温湿度等一些气象因子。对活细根分级并称干重,发现臭柏、油蒿不同径级细根的季节动态不同,不同土层内相同径级的细根生产动态也不相同:①臭柏与油蒿D≤2 mm的细根生物量在4~5月份都有一个快速增长的阶段,随后增长格局各不相同。②臭柏灌丛中,1 mm相似文献   

Selective Absorption of K over Na in Sugar Beet Cultivars and its Relationship with Yield and Quality in Two Contrasting Environments of Central Greece     

J. T. Tsialtas  & N. Maslaris 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(5):384-392

Selective absorption (SA) of K over Na (i.e. the preferential absorption of K over Na) has been proposed as a Na tolerance mechanism but genotypic variation for this trait has not been assessed with sugar beet in the field. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the variation of SA in 14 sugar beet cultivars and to relate SA with yield and root quality in two sites of central Greece (Amfithea and Pyrgetos). Genotypic variation for SA was significant and the SA values were higher in Pyrgetos, the site with the lower soil K and Na concentrations. In Pyrgetos, a favourable environment for sugar beet growth, cultivars yielded more and root quality was better. In that site, a negative relationship between SA and yield (fresh root weight, sugar yield) was found indicating that strong Na exclusion from root is a disadvantage for high yielding. Negative SA–yield relationships were evident in Amfithea when five cultivars with very low SA values (<1.00) were excluded from the analysis. Combined all the cultivars, curvilinear functions were the best-fitted curves for the SA–yield relationships. In Amfithea, where sugar beets had lower water content in root (WCR), a significant, positive correlation between SA and % sucrose content in fresh root weight was found. This finding was ascribed to the dilution of sucrose in roots due to the increased WCR as a result of the increased root Na concentration. In both sites, SA was positively related with root K concentration and negatively with Na concentration. The positive correlations between SA and root α-amino N concentration indicated that sugar beet N nutrition could be affected by the genotypic ability to exclude Na from the root.  相似文献   

切断匍匐茎对臭柏叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

张国盛  刘海东  李玉灵  王林和  吉川贤 《林业科学》2004,40(3):60-65

用荧光测定仪 (MINI-PAM)测定了切断匍匐茎对臭柏叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明 :匍匐茎被切断前 (8月 15日 ) ,备切断处理的小枝与对照的PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量 (ΔF F′m)、表观光合电子传递速率 (ETR)及非光化学猝灭 (NPQ)值 ,除在 15 :0 0差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )外 ,其他时段差异不显著。切断匍匐茎处理第一天 (8月 16日 ) ,9:0 0和 18:0 0切断匍匐茎处理小枝的ΔF F′m 与对照间的差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,9:0 0较对照平均低约 2 5 % ;ETR与对照间的差异虽不显著 ,但平均降幅达 13% ,午后差值减小 ;NPQ在 9:0 0和 12 :0 0与对照间的差异显著 (P<0 0 5 ) ,午前平均增幅高达 4 7% ,午后平均增幅减至 15 %。 8月 2 4日 ,切断匍匐茎处理小枝的ΔF F′m 与对照小枝之间差异显著率约为 33% (P <0 0 5 ) ,ETR的差异显著率约为 4 3% (P <0 0 5 ) ,NPQ的差异显著率约为 5 8% (P <0 0 5 )。 8月 2 4日切断匍匐茎处理样枝的气孔导度在 8:30仅为对照的 30 %左右 ,12 :0 0为 36 % ,12 :0 0后二者间的差距逐渐缩小 ,较对照平均约低 39%。 8月 19日切断匍匐茎处理样枝各部位的Fv Fm 值与对照间差异不显著 (P>0 0 5 ) ,表明不定根在消除切断匍匐茎所造成的不利干扰中发挥了明显的作用。  相似文献   

山杏种皮黑色素的抗氧化活性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姚增玉  李科友  赵忠  马希汉 《林业科学》2007,43(10):59-63

对山杏种皮黑色素的抗氧化活性进行评价.结果表明:山杏种皮黑色素可以显著抑制β-胡萝卜素的氧化褪色,其清除自由基活性具有量效性,清除羟自由基能力与2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)无显著差异而高于抗坏血酸(VC),清除超氧阴离子能力超过BHT和VC.山杏种皮黑色素既可以作为氢供体,清除DPPH自由基,但清除能力低于BHT和VC,也可作为电子供体,其还原能力高于BHT和VC.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地臭柏年轮生长动态的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

黄荣凤  张国盛  鲍甫成  王林和  刘海东 《林业科学》2005,41(2):117-122,i002

以毛乌素沙地天然臭柏为材料 ,用实体解剖镜和光学显微镜研究观察臭柏的年轮形态特征 ,应用树干解析法研究毛乌素沙地沙丘顶部臭柏和滩地臭柏的径向生长和伸长生长动态。结果表明 :沙丘顶部臭柏偏心生长明显 ,长径与短径比为 14 0 .36 % ,伪年轮发生频率为 12 .0 7% ;滩地臭柏偏心生长不明显 ,长径与短径比为 10 5 .2 2 % ,伪年轮发生频率为 1.80 % ;根据年轮数推断 ,沙丘顶部臭柏群落的年龄至少有 12 3a以上 ,滩地臭柏年龄有 5 0a以上 ;沙丘顶部臭柏径生长缓慢 ,生长过程中没有明显的峰值 ,年平均生长量为 0 .94mm ,累积生长曲线的S型特征不明显 ;滩地臭柏的径生长高峰出现在 35年 ,年平均生长量为 1.5 1mm ,是沙丘顶部臭柏的 1.6倍 ,累积生长曲线的S型特征也不明显 ;沙丘顶部臭柏的匍匐茎长度与年龄之间表现出指数函数关系 ,而滩地臭柏的匍匐茎长度与年龄之间存在着显著的线性相关关系  相似文献