Implications of early selection for grain colour on iron and zinc content and productivity of common bean          下载免费PDF全文

Rita de Kássia Siqueira Teixeira  Dayane Cristina Lima  Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu  Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(2):193-196

Brazilian consumers prefer beans of the beige grain colour. Common beans help supply dietary requirements for iron and zinc. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine whether early selection for grain colour affects the iron and zinc content and the grain yield in common beans and (ii) if an association between these characteristics was found, to obtain lines of carioca‐type grains with a high iron and zinc content and good grain yield. We evaluated 96 F_3:4, F_3:5 and F_3:6 progeny at two locations for iron and zinc content and grain yield. We selected 48 progeny for grain colour and chose 48 others at random. We found that early selection for grain colour does not affect the zinc content and grain yield. A positive and high association was found between iron and zinc content, and both iron and zinc content were slightly negatively correlated with grain yield. It is possible to obtain common bean lines combining a high iron and zinc content with good grain yield as long as a selection index is used.  相似文献   

Location-Specific and Across-Location Selections for Seed Yield in Populations of Common Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.     

S. P. Singh    J. A. Gutierrez    C. A. Urrea    A. Molina  C. Cajiao 《Plant Breeding》1992,109(4):320-328

Two populations of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were used to make three independent location-specific selections at Palmira, Quilichao, and Popayán, Colombia. Also, three across-location selections were made by alternating generations between Palmira and Popayan, between Quilichao and Popayán, and among Palmira, Quilichao, and Popayán. The seven highest yielding lines selected from each environment and population along with 14 parents and two checks were evaluated for seed yield, seed weight, maturity, and reaction to an-thracnose, angular leaf spot, and common bacterial blight. Mean squares due to evaluation and selection environments, selected lines, and their interactions were significant for all traits. Mean yields of selected lines were higher than the mean of parents in both populations. Among location-specific selections, lines yielded higher at their respective selection site. Moreover, selections made at Popayán were higher yielding than those made at Quilichao or Palmira when tested across locations and years. Use of Popayán, a relatively wetter and cooler site, either alone or in combination with other locations resulted in higher yield, higher seed weight, and higher resistance to anthracnose. On the average, location-specific selections were lower yielding than the across-location selections. Among across-location selections, those selected between Palmira and Popayán were the highest yielding in both populations. Selections at Palmira and across all three locations resulted in greater stability.  相似文献   

Selection for Increased Seed Nitrogen Accumulation in Common Bean: Implications for Improving Dinitrogen Fixation and Seed Yield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. D. Miranda  F. A. Bliss 《Plant Breeding》1991,106(4):301-311

Estimates of N₂ fixation in segregating populations of bean plants based on ¹⁵N-isotope methods are technically demanding and expensive; therefore, indirect measures based on related traits including total seed N were used to select for improved N₂ fixation and yield. In 1985, six populations of F₂-derived F₃ families resulting from six parental lines crossed to a common tester were grown in field trials on a low-N soil. In 1986, 25 selected half-sib families and two populations of full-sib F₄ families were grown under similar conditions. Parents and a non-nodulating soybean line were included both years. Narrow sense (H_NS) heritability estimates based on parent-offspring regressions ranged from 0.57 for total seed N to 0.39 for shoot biomass in one population, but were near zero for all measured traits in a second population. Among the criteria used to identify parental lines with superior potential for producing progenies with high total seed N, testcross population means combined with estimates of realized heritability were the most reliable. Selection of the best F₃ families for total seed N resulted in F₄ families with increased total seed N and higher seed yields, while seed protein percentage was unchanged. When plants are grown on low-N soils, selection for total seed N offers a useful alternative to selection for increased N₂ fixation based on ¹⁵N-isotopic or total-N-difference method.  相似文献   

Nematode Resistance and Meiotic Abnormality in Diploid Sugar Beet Selected from Interspecific Beta vulgaris×B. procumbens Hybrids*     

C. Nakamura  T. Tsuchiya 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(1):41-53

Two nematode-resistant trisomic lines which were derived from interspecific Beta, vulgaris × B. procumbens hybrids were intercrossed or backcrossed with susceptible diploid sugar beer and their progenies were screened for nematode resistance. The transmission rate of resistance varied from 1.5 % to 47.6 % with an average of 20.4 % in the progenies of individual insomics derived from the two trisomic lines. Eleven resistant diploads were selected with a frequency of 0.2 %. These resistant diploids were classified into two groups, i.e., one group showed relatively high transmission rates of resistance with an average of 25.4 % and the other extremely low with an average of 1.2 % in their backcrossed and s el fed progenies., Meiotic chromosome behavior in a resistant diploid group with high transmission rates was considerably normal as compared to that in a resistant diploid group with low transmission rates. Chromatid bridges and acertric fragments were detected in 93 % of resistant diploids and in 46 % of susceptible diploids. Two different sized fragments occurred in resistant diploids, while only a smaller fragment was present in susceptible diploids. A frequency of sporocytes with bridges-fragments was 17.4% at anaphase I and 13.9 % at anaphase II in resistant diploids, while in susceptible diploids a frequency was 2.9 % and 5.3 % at the respective stages. These results suggest that at least two paracentric inversions are present in resistant diploids, one of which is linked to nernatode resistance and may be responsible for the low transmission rate of resistance.  相似文献   

A geographical approach to identify phosphorus-efficient genotypes among landraces and wild ancestors of common bean     

Stephen Beebe  Jonathan Lynch  Nicholas Galwey  Joseph Tohme  Ivan Ochoa 《Euphytica》1997,95(3):325-338

Cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) capable of yielding well at low levels of native or added phosphorus (P) are highly desirable in many tropical production systems. The objective of the present study was to identify geographical regions which might be sources of such genotypes. A total of 364 landraces, cultivars and wild genotypes, drawn from a broad geographic range, were divided on the basis of growth habit into four field trials, each comprising two levels of P, stressed and unstressed, on an infertile Andosol in Popayan, Colombia. The regression relationship between grain yield per plant in the presence and in the absence of stress was determined, and each genotype's deviation from this relationship was used as a measure of P-efficiency. There was highly significant variation in efficiency among genotypes in all growth habits, and in climbing beans there were consistent regional differences, superior genotypes being identified with greater frequency among those from Bolivia, West Mexico and South Mexico-West Guatemala. The latter region was promising for prostrate bush genotypes also. Wild beans in general performed relatively poorly; it appears that P-efficiency traits in P. vulgaris have been acquired during or after domestication. These results confirm that genetic differences in P-efficiency exist among common bean genotypes and suggest that these are related to geographic origin. Furthermore, the use of a representative sample of germplasm can help to identify segments of the gene bank that are especially promising as sources of desirable traits. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地天然臭柏种群4种形态变异类型的遗传多样性初步分析     

曲娜  王林和  张国盛  郭城峰 《内蒙古林业科技》2011,37(2):11-13,24

利用随机扩增DNA多态性(RAPD)技术,对毛乌素沙地天然臭柏种群4种形态变异类型的遗传多样性进行分析.用17个随机引物扩增出201条清晰谱带,其中194条为多态性谱带,并利用POP(GENE VERSION 1.31软件对数据进行处理.结果表明:臭柏4种形态变异类型的遗传多样性较丰富,各类型样本多态位点百分率在79...  相似文献   

土壤干旱胁迫对3个杏树品种生理生化特性的影响   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  

蒲光兰  袁大刚  胡学华  周兰英  邓家林  刘永红 《浙江林学院学报》2005,22(4):375-379

以3年生杏树Armeniaca vulgaris叶片为试材,采用田间试验的方法,研究土壤干旱胁迫对3个杏树品种生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:①土壤干旱胁迫下,叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm)、叶片相对含水量和吲哚乙酸质量分数下降;叶片相对电导率、可溶性糖质量分数和脯氨酸质量分数和超氧化物歧化酶活性上升.②随土壤水分的降低,因子间相关性逐渐减弱.③3个品种的抗旱性随土壤水分的不同而有异.胁迫程度较轻时,抗旱性依次为:金太阳＞香白＞金皇后;随胁迫的加剧,抗旱性则为:香白＞金太阳＞金皇后.表9参8  相似文献   

新杀虫植物砂地柏研究进展     

张兴  付昌斌  高聪芬 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,23(4):53-57

对新发现的一种杀虫植物砂地柏（Ｓａｂｉｎａ　ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ Ａｎｔ．）的资源、化学、药理学及杀虫活性等方面研究情况及进展作了论述．通过对砂地柏药理学及杀虫活性等方面的研究结果的总结和分析，为害虫防治方面的基础理论和实际应用研究提供了依据。  相似文献   

砂地柏化学成分及生物活性研究进展     

李广泽  何军  闫海燕 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,34(10):133-139

对砂地柏(S abina vu lg aris A n t.)化学成分及其生物活性进行了较为全面的综述,重点总结、分析了该植物富含的萜烯类和鬼臼毒素类化合物的抗癌活性和杀虫活性的研究进展,并提出了进一步深入开展砂地柏杀虫作用研究和开发利用的思路及设想。  相似文献   

菜豆种质资源等位酶标记的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

栾非时  崔喜波 《东北农业大学学报》2001,32(3):252-258

收集了黑龙江省 4 3个栽培品种 ,国际热带农业中心 13个半野生品种 ,波兰 4个矮生品种共 6 0个菜豆品种资源 ,应用等位酶标记进行了 10个酶系统检测 ,共获得 2 5个位点 ,多态位点比率为 0 .16 ,其平均遗传距离为 0 .0 5 6 8。采用平均距离法 ,将该品种资源聚成 8大类 ,其中蔓生种占 5类 ,矮生种 2类 ,半野生种 2类。说明蔓生种遗传距离较远 ,可作为育种材料储备种质资源  相似文献