Maintenance of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm at different in vitro oxygen tensions alters ATP levels and cell functional characteristics     

D.C. Bencic  M. Krisfalusi  J.G. Cloud  R.L. Ingermann 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1999,21(3):193-200

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in sperm from steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were found to be 12.0 ± 1.4 pmol ATP per 10⁶ sperm cells. Sperm were stored at 0–2 °C for up to 72 h under 100 and 21% O₂, and 100% N₂. The sperm ATP content of samples maintained under 100 and 21% O₂ both decreased to about 70 and 50% of initial values after 24 and 72 h, respectively. ATP levels of sperm stored under 100% N₂ decreased to 20% of initial values after only 4 h and to less than 10% of initial values after 24 h; they remained unchanged throughout the following 48 h. These low levels, however, were reversible. Following 4 h incubation under 100% N₂, sperm ATP levels rose upon exposure to and maintenance under 100% O₂, increasing to 50% of initial values after a total of 72 h. ATP levels in sperm maintained with cyanide for 4 h decreased to less than 5% of initial values. The magnitude of the change in sperm ATP levels after 24 h in samples maintained under 100% O₂ correlated positively with the initial sperm ATP levels. Sperm ATP levels, motility, and fertility were all correlated positively in a subset of samples examined. The initial percent of living sperm (sperm viability) was 97.5 ± 0.5% and was unaltered through 24 h under all O₂ tensions. Sperm viability remained unchanged through 72 h under 21% O₂ and decreased by 10 and 30% by 72 h under 100% O₂ and 100% N₂, respectively. Therefore, reductions in sperm ATP levels could not be attributed to cell death as viability decreased only modestly over these durations. Spermatocrit values were unaltered throughout the 72 h incubation for samples maintained under 100 and 21% O₂, however, a 95% increase in spermatocrit occurred after 72 h in samples maintained under 100% N₂. These data indicate that intracellular ATP in steelhead trout sperm can be modulated by ambient oxygen without significant loss of viability and that this ATP has a probable role in cell motility and fertility, and sperm packing and cell flexibility.  相似文献   

Quinclorac resistance in Echinochloa phyllopogon is associated with reduced ethylene synthesis rather than enhanced cyanide detoxification by β‐cyanoalanine synthase     

Pattarasuda Chayapakdee  Yukari Sunohara  Masaki Endo  Takuya Yamaguchi  Longjiang Fan  Akira Uchino  Hiroshi Matsumoto  Satoshi Iwakami 《Pest management science》2020,76(4):1195-1204

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畜禽污水在玉米灌溉中的再利用研究     

郭建文  刘海 《天津农业科学》2014,(7):99-101

通过试验分析ClO2在净化畜禽污水中的作用,结果表明,ClO2浓度对污水中COD的含量影响不显著,其原因与ClO2对污水中有机物取代基的选择性有关。ClO2对畜禽污水中的硫化物、大肠杆菌有明显的去除效果,可使这3项污染物指标均达到我国《农田灌溉水质标准》要求的阈值以内,净化后的畜禽污水可用于农田玉米灌溉。  相似文献   

顶空气相色谱法测定小麦中熏蒸剂氰及其代谢物氰化氢的残留量   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李保同  曾鑫年  任永林  J M DESMARCHELIER 《农药学学报》2011,13(6):613-620

采用溶剂顶空毛细管气相色谱-氮磷检测器(NPD)建立了熏蒸剂氰(C2N2)及其代谢物氰化氢(HCN)在小麦中残留的分析方法。在气相与液相体积比(β)为4时,采用GS-Q大孔毛细管色谱柱和进样60 μL顶空气体,可提高C2N2和HCN的分离效果和灵敏度。以质量分数为50%的磷酸作溶剂,在25 ℃下平衡4 h,C2N2和HCN在液相与气相间的分配系数(k)分别为0.44和48.82。平衡温度和基质对C2N2和HCN挥发的影响存在差异,而盐化效应的影响较小。用50% 的磷酸提取熏蒸过的小麦72 h,释放至顶空的C2N2和HCN的量最大,用添加标准品的小麦作标准可评价熏蒸小麦中C2N2和HCN的残留量。C2N2和HCN标准曲线的线性范围分别在质量浓度为1.0~500 μg/L和1.2~500 μg/L之间,相关系数(R2)分别为0.999 7和0.999 8,相对标准偏差分别为4.6%和7.4%,检出限(LOD)分别为0.032和0.145 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)分别为0.107和0.483 mg/kg。方法操作简单、灵敏度高、干扰少,适用于小麦中C2N2和HCN残留量的检测。  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of endogenous inhibitors of nitrate reductase of peach [Prunus persica (l.) Batsch] and their distribution in the genus Prunus 1     

Charles C. Reilly  J. H. Edwards  W. R. Okie 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1335-1351

Endogenous inhibitors of nitrate reductase (NR) of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] seedlings were identified as mandelonitrile and cyanide. The compounds gave greater than 90% inhibition at 0.019 μM and were noncompetitive with respect to nitrate when preincubated with the enzyme in the absence of nitrate. Competitive inhibition in respect to nitrate occurred when nitrate was present prior to the addition of enzyme. Concentration and distribution of NR inhibitors were: leaf > stem > roots as determined by two independent methods. Nitrate reductase inhibitor was detected in 12 diverse species of Prunus and was tentatively identified as cyanide by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and biological activity. The degradation products of the cyanogenic‐glucoside amygalin were tested to determine NR inhibition. Amygdalin, prunasin and benzaldehyde were not inhibitors of NR, whereas mandelonitrile and cyanide were. Prunasin was determined to be the precursor of the NR inhibitors in peach leaf, stem, and root tissue.  相似文献   

Cyanide poisoning in cattle from Dysphania glomulifera (red crumbweed): using the internet for rapid plant identification and diagnostic advice     

McKenzie RA  Burren BG  Noble JW  Thomas MB 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(12):505-509

A 300-strong Angus-Brahman cattle herd near Springsure, central Queensland, was being fed Acacia shirleyi (lancewood) browse during drought and crossed a 5-hectare, previously burnt area with an almost pure growth of Dysphania glomulifera subspecies glomulifera (red crumbweed) on their way to drinking water. Forty cows died of cyanide poisoning over 2 days before further access to the plant was prevented. A digital image of a plant specimen made on a flat-bed scanner and transmitted by email was used to identify D glomulifera. Specific advice on the plant's poisonous properties and management of the case was then provided by email within 2 hours of an initial telephone call by the field veterinarian to the laboratory some 600 km away. The conventional method using physical transport of a pressed dried plant specimen to confirm the identification took 5 days. D glomulifera was identified in the rumen of one of two cows necropsied. The cyanogenic potential of D glomulifera measured 4 days after collection from the site of cattle deaths was 18,600 mg HCN/kg in dry matter. The lethal dose of D glomulifera for a 420 kg cow was estimated as 150 to 190 g wet weight. The plant also contained 4.8% KNO3 equivalent in dry matter, but nitrate-nitrite poisoning was not involved in the deaths.  相似文献   

Effects of Long-term Cyanide Ingestion by Pigs     

Manzano H  de Sousa AB  Soto-Blanco B  Guerra JL  Maiorka PC  Górniak SL 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(1):93-104

Animal performance and health status are adversely affected by long-term cyanide ingestion; however, the effects of cyanide ingestion by pigs have not been fully determined. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to different doses of potassium cyanide (KCN) in growing-finishing swine. Twenty-four pigs, 45 days of age, were divided into four equal groups and treated with different doses of KCN: 0, 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 mg per kg body weight per day for 70 consecutive days. The results showed a significant alteration in thiocyanate, creatinine and urea levels and in alanine aminotransferase activity of swine dosed with 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg/KCN. Thyroid weight was significantly increased in those pigs from 4.0 mg/kg KCN group, but no change in cholesterol, triiodothyronine or thyroline levels were observed. Body and carcase weights, body weight gain, and bacon thickness were not affected by KCN treatment. The histopathological study revealed increased numbers of vacuoles in the colloid of thyroid follicles, degeneration of cerebellar white matter and Purkinje cells, degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells, caryolysis and pyknosis in hepatocytes, and disturbance of the normal lobular architecture of the liver in all treated pigs. Thus, long-term administration of KCN to swine affects several tissues and could adversely affect animal production.  相似文献   

烘干脱毒对木薯叶中氰化物和总黄酮含量的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

许成帅  李伯松  李克烈  王飞  郑丽  马旭东  覃新导 《中国农学通报》2016,32(5):33-36

木薯叶中总黄酮含量比较丰富,同时也含有有毒物质——氰化物,严重制约木薯叶的综合利用。为了脱去木薯叶中的氰化物,并且使总黄酮含量尽量保留,本实验采用烘干的方法脱去氰化物。在本研究中温度设65℃、75℃、85℃三个梯度,时间设6、7、8 h三个梯度,分为9组,并同时测定各组中总黄酮的含量。实验结果表明较优的脱毒条件为75℃,6 h,在此脱毒条件下,氰化物含量符合国家标准,并且总黄酮损失相对较少。本实验结果可为木薯叶的综合利用提供参考。  相似文献   

高氰和低氰木薯生氰葡萄糖苷酶Linamarase基因的组织表达差异分析     

付莉莉  沈培峰  谭德冠  孙雪飘  张家明 《中国农学通报》2016,32(11):22-26

旨在降低或去除木薯的生氰糖苷,获得安全无毒木薯新品种。本研究以高氰和低氰5 个品种的木薯为材料,通过RT-PCR 方法,研究了生氰葡萄糖苷酶基因Linamarase 在木薯中的表达情况。木薯Linamarase 基因只在地上部分表达;5 个木薯品种,包括低氰和高氰品种,在块根中也均未检测到Linamarase 基因的表达。在地上部分中,顶芽的表达量要远远大于茎和成熟叶片的表达量,而且低氰和高氰品种在顶芽的表达量基本相同,但是低氰品种茎及成熟叶片中Linamarase 的表达量比高氰品种相对较高。木薯生氰糖苷酶Linamarase 在不同木薯品种不同组织的表达情况的不同,可以为筛选安全无毒木薯品种提供一个参考。  相似文献   

烟草含氮化合物对卷烟主流烟气氰化氢释放量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡立中  童红武  王程辉  徐迎波  徐娟  刘少民 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(14):8597-8599,8681

[目的]研究卷烟烟气中氰化氢释放量与卷烟中主要含氮化合物的相互关系。[方法]通过在卷烟烟支中添加特定含氮化合物,捕集并测定卷烟烟气中的氰化氢含量,分别研究了6类不同含氮化合物在卷烟燃吸时对烟气中氰化氢释放量的影响,并尝试对氰化氢热解产生的机理和变化规律做了探讨性的解释。[结果]对于烤烟型和混合型卷烟而言,蛋白质、氨基酸、挥发碱、硝酸盐、氮杂环化合物含量的增加导致卷烟烟气中氰化氢的释放量相应增加,且二者间表现显著的相关性关系;各含氮化合物对氰化氢释放量影响程度大小依次为：蛋白质〉氨基酸〉挥发碱〉硝酸盐〉氮杂环。[结论]蛋白质、氨基酸、挥发碱、硝酸盐、氮杂环5类含氮化合物均是卷烟烟气中氰化氢的重要前体物  相似文献