Effect of CCC and daminozide on growth of silver birch container seedlings during three years after spraying     

Luoranen  Jaana  Rikala  Risto  Aphalo  Pedro J. 《New Forests》2002,23(1):71-80

Applications of growth retardants, daminozide and CCC (chlormequatchloride), were studied in order to determine their effects on morphology and post-planting growth of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) container seedlings. Daminozide was sprayed once (on 28 June at concentrations of 1.0 – 6.0 g l^–1) and CCC was sprayed twice (on 29 June and 27 July at concentrations of 0.5–3.0 gl^–1). Height growth, morphology of seedlings at the end of the growing season, the shoot and root growth potential the following spring and field performance during the following seasons were measured. During the first summer in the nursery, both daminozide and CCC retarded height growth,but daminozide was more effective. The effects of compounds on stem diameter during the summer of application were small. Neither of the compounds affected the field performance of seedlings. The most suitable applications for retardation of height growth, without negative effects on other morphological variables, were 4 g l^–1 (32 mg per seedling) for daminozide and 2 g l^–1 (16 mg per seedling), sprayed in two applications, for CCC.  相似文献   

Determination of drought tolerance using root activities in Robinia pseudoacacia ''Idaho'' transformed with mtl-D gene     

Wang Hua-fang  Zhu Yi-hong  Sun Hai-jun 《中国林学(英文版)》2006,8(4)

Idaho locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Idaho') is an exotic multi-purpose tree used in landscaping, soil and water conservation, fodder sources and others. To improve its drought tolerance for reclaiming arid land, five lines of transformed mtl-D gene, as osmotic regulator in plant cells, have been selected and managed to determine their drought tolerance under experimental conditions.Qualitative and quantitative variables of transformed plants were studied. The critical value of drought tolerance was determined by detecting the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reductants in roots and soil water content (SWC). The critical value for drought tolerance was SWC 6% while for the control plants the critical SWC was 8%; a moderate level of SWC is 13% and the highest SWC for plant endurance was 18%. The method proved to be reliable and sensitive in the evaluation of drought tolerance for forest trees.  相似文献   

Preparation of novel reagents 4-alkoxytrityl chlorides and their reaction with methyl Α-d-glucoside     

Ifuku  Shinsuke  Kamitakahara  Hiroshi  Nakatsubo  Fumiaki 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(3):248-252

A series of novel 4-O-alkoxytrityl chlorides (1) with different chain lengths was synthesized as a novel reagent for obtaining 6-O-alkylated cellulose with high regioselectivity via trityl groups in one reaction step without the use of any protective groups. These chlorides were reacted with methyl -d-glucoside, which was used as a model compound, to examine the reactivities toward the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose to afford a series of 6-O-alkylated methyl -d-glucosides in high yields. The product compounds were found to have interesting solubilities and thermal properties. Thus, newly prepared trityl chloride derivatives were found to be useful regioselective derivatization reagents on the primary hydroxyl group in carbohydrates, especially in cellulose.  相似文献   

基于缩节胺调控的免打顶棉花群体结构及产量分析     

石峰  李海江  孙孝贵  时晓娟  郝先哲  田雨  韩焕勇 《新疆农业科学》2021,58(11):1990-1999

【目的】基于缩节胺调控的免打顶研究棉花农艺性状、冠层结构、光分布及产量的变化规律,为棉花轻简化栽培提供依据。【方法】选用对缩节胺相对敏感的品种新陆早67号(P₁)、Z901(P₂)、Z903(P₃)和澳棉sic75(P₄)为试验材料,采用缩节胺调控的免打顶方式,以人工打顶为对照(新陆早60号,CK),测定棉花农艺性状、冠层结构、透光率、干物质累积与分配及产量等指标。【结果】与人工打顶相比,免打顶棉花株高、果枝数和叶龄均显著增加,其中P₂株高、果枝数增幅均最大,分别达到了45.2%和100%;P₃叶龄的增幅较大,为39.4%。P₁叶面积指数峰值最大,P₂在达到峰值后降幅最小,仅19.6%;P₁冠层开度谷值最小,P₃在达到谷值后增幅最小;P₂叶倾角峰值最大,比CK高3.4%,P₃叶倾角峰值最小,仅比CK高0.91%。冠层各部位透光率在生育后期均表现为增加的趋势,以P₄上部透光率增幅最大,达到了27.1%,P₃增幅最小,仅为10.7%,P₂中部透光率增幅最大,达到了28.3%、P₄增幅最小,仅为14.6%,P₃下部增幅透光率增幅最大,达到了23.9%,P₄增幅最小,仅4.0%;P₃生殖器官和营养器官干物质量比例最大,达到了2.2∶1,P₁次之,为2.1∶1,但单株总干物质量累积增加最大,为81.9 g/株。P₁和P₃籽棉产量与CK相比差异不显著。【结论】选用对缩节胺敏感的棉花品种新陆早67号和Z903,于出苗、两叶一心、头水前、二水前、7月5日、7月12日前后分别喷施缩节胺(45+30+30+30+120+150)g/hm²,全程调控替代人工打顶,在不显著降低棉花产量的基础上,可降低生产成本46%,增加植棉效益。  相似文献   

Alcohol diluent provides the optimal formulation for calcium chloride non-surgical sterilization in dogs     

Raffaella Leoci  Giulio Aiudi  Fabio Silvestre  Elaine A Lissner  Giovanni M Lacalandra 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1)

Background

Surgical castration is widely used to sterilize male dogs, but has significant impacts on time to perform the operation, recovery of the animals as well as cost, which can limit population control programs. Previous research has shown intratesticular injection of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂) in saline to be a promising alternative to surgery. However, long-term azoospermia was not maintained at dosages low enough to avoid side effects. In the search for an optimized formulation, the current investigation is the first study on long-term sterilization effects of intratesticular injection of CaCl₂ in either lidocaine solution or alcohol in dogs. CaCl₂ at 20% concentration in lidocaine solution or alcohol was administered via intratesticular injection to groups of 21 dogs each. The treated animals were examined at 2, 6, and 12 months for sperm production, blood levels of testosterone, and side effects; at time zero and 12 months for testicular size and semen volume. The experimentally treated animals were compared to a control group receiving saline injection only.

Results

Testicles of dogs treated with CaCl₂ in either diluent significantly decreased in size. After administration of CaCl₂ in lidocaine solution, sterility was achieved for at least 12 months in 75% of treated dogs. However, optimal long-term contraceptive effectiveness was achieved with CaCl₂ in alcohol, which resulted in azoospermia over the 12-month study period. Testosterone levels significantly decreased following treatment with CaCl₂, and sexual activity disappeared. Although testosterone returned to baseline levels by 12 months for the group treated with CaCl₂ in lidocaine, dogs injected with CaCl₂ in alcohol had a 63.6% drop in testosterone level, which remained at the low end of physiological range throughout the study. No adverse effects were noted.

Conclusions

A single, bilateral intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl₂ in 95% ethanol was a reliable method for induction of sterilization in 18–28 kg male dogs in this study. The approach showed long-term efficacy and reduced sexual behavior. This chemical method of sterilization might provide an effective, efficient alternative to surgical castration that can have positive impacts on dog welfare.  相似文献   

Expression of TMEM16A as a calcium-activated chloride channel in Fischer rat thyroid follicular epithelial cells and its electrophysiologic pro-perties     

HAO Feng  BAI Xue-song  JU Xiao-hong  FANG Fang  ZANG Yu-xuan  ZHU Hang-fei  XIANG Guo-yan  ZHANG Yun-qiao  YUAN Zhong-hai 《园艺学报》2014,30(9):1633-1639

AIM：To investigate the expression of transmembrane protein 16A(TMEM16A) in Fischer rat thyroid follicular epithelial (FRT) cells and its electrophysiologic properties. METHODS：The eukaryotic expression vector of pUB6/V5-TMEM16A was constructed and transfected into FRT cells by liposome-mediated transfection. In order to obtain the high efficiency of gene transfection and expression, the quantity and ratio of lipid/DNA complexes were optimized. The FRT cells stably expressing TMEM16A were gained by the selection with blasticidin and confirmed by the techniques of RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The expression and location of TMEM16A in the FRT cells were observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope. TMEM16A protein was associated with calcium-dependent chloride current, as measured with halide-sensitive fluorescent protein and patch-clamp technique. RESULTS：The results of double digestion and sequencing indicated that TMEM16A was cloned into pUB6/V5. The results of RT-PCR and immunofluorescence confirmed that TMEM16A was expressed in the FRT cells after transfection with TMEM16A. The classical calcium-activated chloride channel currents were recorded in the FRT cells stably expressing TMEM16A by the technique of patch-clamp and halide-sensitive fluorescent protein YFP-H148Q/I152L. CONCLUSION：The protein expression of TMEM16A in the FRT cells was observed. TMEM16A is the molecular identity of calcium-activated chloride channels.  相似文献   

The evaluation of secondary stress response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Val. 1844) after exposing to the saline water     

H. Yavuzcan-Yıldız  M. Kırkavgaç-Uzbilek 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,25(4):287-290

The stress response of grass carp to salinity was evaluated assessing the levels of hematocrit, leucocrit, plasma glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium. Mean hematocrit values increased following exposure to salinity. Mean leucocrit values elevated after exposure to salinity for 24 h, then decreased. Mean plasma glucose increased during saline exposure for 48 h and then decreased to normal values. Plasma sodium and chloride levels were increased to their highest values after 48 h. While plasma potassium value increased with the exposure time, plasma calcium values were not affected by salinity exposure.  相似文献   

Induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai larvae using bromomethane and potassium chloride     

K. H. Kang  B. H. Kim  J. M. Kim 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):249-259

Larvae of Haliotis discus hannai were induced to settle and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with bromomethane. The settlement and metamorphosis of veliger larvae were observed with bromomethane concentrations of 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 ppm on the benthic diatom plates. The highest settlement and metamorphosis rates of larvae were observed in bromomethane concentrations of 600 ppm.

Abalone larvae were induced to settle and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with potassium chloride. The settlement and metamorphosis of veliger larvae was observed in potassium chloride concentrations of 14, 19, 24 and 29 mM on the benthic diatom plates. The highest settlement and metamorphosis rates of larvae were observed in potassium chloride concentrations of 14–19 mM.  相似文献   

Improved survival of rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan) and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) fingerlings using low-dose quinaldine and benzocaine during transport     

Mahmud Hasan  & Amrit N Bart 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(1):50-58

The effects of fingerlings immersion in low‐dose benzocaine (15 and 30 mg L⁻¹, silver carp and rohu) and quinaldine (100 μL L⁻¹ silver crap and 250 μL L⁻¹ rohu) for 1, 3 and 6 h on stress responses and survival of rohu, Labeo rohita and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix fingerlings were evaluated in a transport simulation experiment. Both quinaldine and benzocaine showed low mortalities (0–2%). The total mortality in control (with no anaesthesia) was 30% for rohu and 14% for silver carp. Quinaldine and benzocaine‐treated fingerlings had significantly higher plasma chloride levels than the control in both species. Benzocaine, quinaldine, as well as the control, had an initial elevation of plasma cortisol levels. Benzocaine lost its effectiveness after 3 h exposure while quinaldine persisted throughout the 6 h experimental period. Both sedatives reduced bacterial build‐up compared with the control. No post‐exposure mortality was observed for any of the transport methods assessed 48 h after the treatment. This study suggests that the use of low‐dose benzocaine or quinaldine during transport has positive effect on the survival and health of rohu and silver carp fingerlings.  相似文献   

壳寡糖及其复合聚合氯化铝絮凝微藻富集的研究     

张跃群闫生荣  王小红等 《安徽农业科学》2014,(7):1905-1906

［目的］ 为了找到可以加速微藻富集的合适絮凝剂。［方法］ 制备了壳聚糖的降解产物壳寡糖,用于绿色巴夫藻（Pavlovaviridis Tseng, Chen et Zhang）和小球藻（Chloreiia spp.） 絮凝富集。［结果］ 终浓度为30 mg/L以上的壳寡糖溶液对2种藻类具有显著的促沉降效应。当壳寡糖与6 mg/L聚合氯化铝混合使用时,壳寡糖/聚合氯化铝促沉降效应明显提高。［结论］ 壳寡糖可以用于微藻大规模生产的采收。  相似文献