The effects of transportation stress on Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica) fed corn‐based diet in comparison with wheat‐based diet supplemented with xylanase and phytase          下载免费PDF全文

M. H. Mehraei Hamzekolaei  A. K. Zamani Moghaddam  S. S. Tohidifar  A. Dehghani Samani  A. Heydari 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(4):618-622

Harvesting, handling and transporting quails to the slaughterhouses, other farms and laboratories might covertly reduce their welfare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two major sources of energy in poultry nutrition on reducing transportation stress in Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica). Male quails (n = 60) were divided into two groups. The first group was fed corn‐based diet, and the second was fed wheat‐based diet supplemented with xylanase and phytase. At the end of the experiment (day 35), quails were subjected to 80 km of transportation. Immediately on arrival and after 24 h, heterophil counts, lymphocyte counts and H:L ratios were measured. On arrival, H counts were lower, L counts were higher, and H:L ratios were lower for corn‐fed group. After 24 h, wheat‐fed group showed lower increment of H counts, greater increment of L counts and also decrement of H:L ratios rather than corn‐fed group which showed increment of H:L ratios. However, these ratios were still lower in corn‐fed group. Results indicate that corn‐based diets can help Japanese quail to better resist transportation stress, although it seems that feeding wheat‐based diets supplemented with xylanase and phytase could have positive effects for coping better with stress after journeys.  相似文献   

中西方民俗文化之比较     

熊冰 《湖南农机》2006,(7)

在人类历史的发展中,世界各文化圈都创造了自己独特的民俗,有着对自己民俗文化的独特理解。本文拟以中国民俗文化为参照,以民俗活动的时间性为切入点,从四个方面比较中西方民俗文化之异同,即饮食文化、节日文化、民族风情、禁忌。这给予我们一个简明的中西方比较,对英语学习者了解他们之间的异同很有帮助,以此观照汉文化圈中民俗审美的特性,不同的语言产生于特定的文化背景、社会生活、民俗风情。  相似文献   

甘蓝夜蛾人工饲料的研究     

梁梦媛  于洪春  刘杰  黄珊珊 《东北农业大学学报》2006,37(6):771-774

文章报道了以甘蓝叶、白菜叶、灰菜叶、大豆粉、菜豆粉、玉米粉、麦麸为主要原料配制的5种人工饲料对甘蓝夜蛾的饲养效果。结果表明,以甘蓝叶和大豆粉为主要原料配制的配方—人工饲料对甘蓝夜蛾饲养效果最好,甘蓝夜蛾不仅能正常生长发育,而且在产卵量、蛹重、幼虫存活率方面均优于天然饲料,用该人工饲料连续饲养4代甘蓝夜蛾,未发现饲养后代生命力减退现象,表明该人工饲料可用来室内大量连续饲养甘蓝夜蛾。  相似文献   

基于三参数最佳动力性换档规律的制定与仿真研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张建珍  骆剑亮 《华南热带农业大学学报》2006,12(4):19-22

通过对汽车自动变速器三参数最佳动力性换档规律的研究,找出最佳动力性换档规律产生循环换档的原因,提出一种改进的动态三参数最佳动力性换档规律。应用MATLAB/SIMIULINK建立的换档规律仿真模型对改进的换档规律进行仿真分析。仿真表明经改进的动态三参数最佳动力性换档规律可以减少循环换档,使汽车获得更好的行驶性能。  相似文献   

Artificial Feeding and Laboratory Rearing of Endangered Saproxylic Beetles as a Tool for Insect Conservation     

Teresa Bonacci  Mattia Rovito  Jakub Hork  Pietro Brandmayr 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2020,20(5)

Conservation of threatened animals is frequently limited by lack of knowledge about their ecological preferences, and often artificial feeding is one of the few chances to save endangered species. We investigated the possibility to artificially feed two endangered flat bark beetles dependent on dead wood for their diet—namely, Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763) and Cucujus haematodes Erichson, 1845—by examining their dietary preferences, life cycle duration, and survival in laboratory conditions. Individuals of the two species were caught in the wild and larvae and adults were fed in laboratory conditions by live or dead prey. Three species of saproxylic beetles: two cerambycids (Acanthocinus griseus Fabricius, 1793 and Rhagium inquisitor Linnaeus, 1758), one scolytid (Ips sexdentatus Börner, 1776) one tenebrionid (Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758)) one dipteran (Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826)) and one ant (Lasius sp. Fabricius, 1804) were used as prey, with minced meat as a control. Our results indicated high survival and no difference in prey choice between the two flat beetle species. Larvae and adults preferred dead prey, but no significant preference was detected among dead prey taxa, supporting the hypothesis that the two species are opportunistic scavengers. Comparing data with previous results, both species and their developmental stages should be classified as obligate saproxylic organisms with preference to the dead and decaying organic material. Successful artificial feeding and rearing of these endangered species, followed by the release in the wild through rescue or reintroduction programs, therefore appear relevant for their protection and future conservation.  相似文献   

Artificial Diet Influences Population Growth of the Root Maggot Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae)     

Yuping Gou  Peter Quandahor  Kexin Zhang  Sufan Guo  Qiangyan Zhang  Changzhong Liu  Jeffrey A Coulter 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2020,20(5)

In order to investigate the effects of artificial diets on the population growth of root maggot Bradysia impatiens, its population growth parameters were assayed on eight artificial diets (Diet 1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, and D8). Results showed that developmental duration from egg to pupa was successfully completed on all eight artificial diets. However, the egg to pupal duration was shortest, while the survival rate of four insect stages was lowest when B. impatiens was reared on D1. When B. impatiens was reared on D7 and D8, the survival rate, female longevity, and female oviposition were higher than those reared on other diets. When B. impatiens was reared on D7, the intrinsic rate of increase (r_m = 0.19/d), net reproductive rate (R₀ = 39.88 offspring per individual), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.21/d) were higher for its population growth with shorter generation time (T = 19.49 d) and doubling time (Dt = 3.67 d). The findings indicate that the D7 artificial diet is more appropriate for the biological parameters of B. impatiens and can be used an indoor breeding food for population expansion as well as further research. We propose that vitamin C supplement added to the D7 is critical for the improvement of the B. impatiens growth.  相似文献   

行星变速机构换挡变胞与其构态属性自动识别     

符升平  罗宁 《农业机械学报》2020,51(12):384-393

针对数学表征行星变速机构换挡变胞过程及自动识别各挡位构态属性较难的问题,首先,解析了行星变速机构变胞理论,基于机构转换法定义相对转速意义下行星排构件间运动副约束函数的转换规则,构建以约束函数为元素的行星变速机构构件和关联关系的邻接矩阵;然后,根据换挡逻辑分析了操纵离合器和制动器的换挡变胞过程,基于邻接矩阵分别推导这两种换挡构态演变的变胞方程,建立包含行星排空转和整体回转等特殊构态的判别准则,结合实例分析揭示换挡变胞机理;最后,通过建立相对转速方程和行星变速机构特性参数识别,结合行星变速机构等效拓扑模型的约束条件,提出了基于构态变胞方程的行星变速机构传动比和转矩自动建模和求解方法,实现了行星变速机构各挡位构态属性的自动识别。以某拖拉机行星变速器为例进行了分析,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

Ascorbic acid status as affected by dietary treatment in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt): tissue concentration,mobilisation and L-gulonolactone oxidase activity     

Régis Moreau  Sadasivam J. Kaushik  Konrad Dabrowski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(5):431-438

A study was conducted to evaluate tissue storage and mobilisation of L-ascorbic acid (AA) in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) fed three different experimental diets. The three treatments consisted of a diet devoid of vitamin C (diet A0) and two diets supplemented with equivalent of 300 mg AA kg^–1 in the form of either silicone-coated ascorbic acid (diet SC) or of ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (diet AP). During the first phase (4 months) of the trial, six batches of 130 Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight: 25.5±0.5 g) each were fed one of the three diets in duplicate. During the second phase (3 months), fish from groups SC and AP were switched to diet A0 and those fed diet A0 during the first phase were switched to diet SC. Irrespective of the dietary treatment, growth rates were not significantly different from each other. At the end of phase I, in all tissues studied, total ascorbic acid (TAA) concentrations were higher in Siberian sturgeon fed diet AP than in the other two groups. During phase II, tissue ascorbate depletion was also higher in the AP group than in the other two groups. Transfer of the AA-free diet fed group onto a diet supplemented with 300 mg AA kg^–1 (diet SC) led to a slight increase in the TAA concentrations in all tissues. Blood plasma tyrosine concentrations were not significantly different between the three groups. Whole-body collagen levels were affected by dietary AA levels or forms at the end of phase I; the differences were not significant at the end of phase II. Muscle collagen levels were slightly affected. L-Gulonolactone oxidase activity was found in the kidney of Siberian sturgeon, but not in the liver. The ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate appears to be either better utilised by Siberian sturgeon, like in many other teleosts, or more stable than the silicone-coated AA during food processing and storage. Presence of L-gulonolactone oxidase activity in Siberian sturgeon kidney combined with the absence of gross scorbutic signs in AA-free diet fed groups expressing very good growth rates suggested no need of dietary AA byA. baeri.  相似文献   

Effects of lysine and methionine supplementation on growth,body composition and digestive function of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed plant protein diets using high‐level canola meal          下载免费PDF全文

J. Jiang  D. Shi  X.‐Q. Zhou  L. Feng  Y. Liu  W.‐D. Jiang  P. Wu  L. Tang  Y. Wang  Y. Zhao 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(5):1126-1133

A 76‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of Lysine and Methionine supplementation on growth and digestive capacity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed plant protein diets using high‐level canola meal (CM). Fish with initial average weight 103.9 ± 0.6 g were fed three extruded diets. Fish meal (FM) diet was formulated as the normal control with 40 g kg^?1 FM and 300 g kg^?1 CM; CM diet was prepared by replacing all FM with CM (total 340 g kg^?1) without Lys or Met supplementation; CM supplement (CMS) diet was similar to CM diet but was supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA) to ensure the levels of Lys and Met similar to those in the FM diet. Feed intake, feed efficiency and specific growth rate of the grass carp fed CMS and FM diets were similar (P > 0.05), but higher than those of the grass carp fed CM diet (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index, relative gut length, intestosomatic index and intestinal folds height were significantly improved in fish fed FM and CMS diets as compared to CM diet (P < 0.05). Lower activities of trypsin, lipase and amylase in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed CM diet (P < 0.05). Three hundred and forty gram per kilogram CM without Lys or Met supplementation significantly decreased trypsin, lipase and amylase mRNA levels in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the high supply of CM (340 g kg^?1) in plant protein (200 g kg^?1 soybean meal and 100 g kg^?1 cottonseed meal) diets decreased digestive ability through decreasing digestive enzyme activities and enzyme gene's expressions of grass carp, and these side effects can be reversed by supplementing Lys and Met. Therefore, CM could be high level used in a plant protein blend‐based extruded diet for grass carp as long as EAA were supplemented.  相似文献   

Assessment of dietary lecithin and cholesterol requirements of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa using semi-purified microbound diets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.-H. HOLME  P.C. SOUTHGATE  & C. ZENG 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2007,13(6):413-423

The effects of varying dietary lecithin and cholesterol levels on growth, development and survival of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa were evaluated using six semi‐purified, microbound diets formulated to be iso‐energetic and containing three levels of supplemental lecithin (0, 20 and 40 g kg⁻¹ diet dry weight) and two levels of supplemental cholesterol (0 and 7 g kg⁻¹ diet dry weight). Fifteen megalopa were reared individually in each treatment and the nutritional value of diets was assessed on basis of mean dry weight and mean carapace width of newly settled first crab stage, as well as development time to the first crab stage and overall survival. A significant interaction between supplemental dietary lecithin and supplemental dietary cholesterol was found for final mean dry weight of newly settled crabs, and highest survival (60%) was recorded for megalopa fed diets containing the highest levels of dietary lecithin (39.7–44.1 g kg⁻¹) (diet 5 and 6) regardless of whether diets were supplemented with cholesterol; this rate of survival was identical to that of megalopa fed live Artemia nauplii. The results indicate that supplemental dietary cholesterol may not be essential for mud crab megalopa when fed diets containing sufficient levels of supplemental dietary phospholipids.  相似文献