日本沼虾饲料最适蛋白质、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比的研究   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

虞冰如  沈竑 《水产学报》1990,14(4):321-327

本文研究了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)饲料的最适蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比。试验用饲料由酪蛋白、糊精、混合油、复合维生素和无机盐混合物等组成。本试验用的日本沼虾体重为 1.77±0.23克,试验期间水温为 21—25℃。用增重率、饲料系数和肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力等作为评价指标。试验结果表明:日本沼虾配合饲料适宜蛋白质含量为 36.8—42.27％,适宜脂肪含量为6—12％。当配合饲料的蛋内质含量在适宜范围内,饲料能量蛋白比(C/P)为8千卡/克蛋白左右,每公斤配合饲料的总能量为3006—3561千卡是最为适宜的。当饲料总能量在一定范围内,随着饲料碳水化合物含量的增加,肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力增强。  相似文献   

Ascorbic acid status as affected by dietary treatment in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt): tissue concentration,mobilisation and L-gulonolactone oxidase activity     

Régis Moreau  Sadasivam J. Kaushik  Konrad Dabrowski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(5):431-438

A study was conducted to evaluate tissue storage and mobilisation of L-ascorbic acid (AA) in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) fed three different experimental diets. The three treatments consisted of a diet devoid of vitamin C (diet A0) and two diets supplemented with equivalent of 300 mg AA kg^–1 in the form of either silicone-coated ascorbic acid (diet SC) or of ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (diet AP). During the first phase (4 months) of the trial, six batches of 130 Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight: 25.5±0.5 g) each were fed one of the three diets in duplicate. During the second phase (3 months), fish from groups SC and AP were switched to diet A0 and those fed diet A0 during the first phase were switched to diet SC. Irrespective of the dietary treatment, growth rates were not significantly different from each other. At the end of phase I, in all tissues studied, total ascorbic acid (TAA) concentrations were higher in Siberian sturgeon fed diet AP than in the other two groups. During phase II, tissue ascorbate depletion was also higher in the AP group than in the other two groups. Transfer of the AA-free diet fed group onto a diet supplemented with 300 mg AA kg^–1 (diet SC) led to a slight increase in the TAA concentrations in all tissues. Blood plasma tyrosine concentrations were not significantly different between the three groups. Whole-body collagen levels were affected by dietary AA levels or forms at the end of phase I; the differences were not significant at the end of phase II. Muscle collagen levels were slightly affected. L-Gulonolactone oxidase activity was found in the kidney of Siberian sturgeon, but not in the liver. The ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate appears to be either better utilised by Siberian sturgeon, like in many other teleosts, or more stable than the silicone-coated AA during food processing and storage. Presence of L-gulonolactone oxidase activity in Siberian sturgeon kidney combined with the absence of gross scorbutic signs in AA-free diet fed groups expressing very good growth rates suggested no need of dietary AA byA. baeri.  相似文献   

黄颡鱼营养学的研究进展     

刘行彪  付熊  吴晗冰  杨雨虹 《鲑鳟渔业》2011,(1):55-59

黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）的营养学研究主要体现在食性分析、肌肉营养成份的测定等基础研究上,而营养需求上的研究主要体现在配合饲料配方上的饲养试验,对于确定某种营养素需要量的研究报道较少。本文综述了黄颡鱼对蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物、维生素及无机盐的需要量。黄颡鱼配合饲料中蛋白质的适宜含量（稚幼鱼）为39%～45%、（成鱼）为34%～38%,脂肪的适宜含量为7%～9%,碳水化合物的适宜含量为20%～23%、粗纤维的适宜含量为5%～6%,无机盐的适宜含量为1%～2.5%。  相似文献   

Glutamic acid supplementation recovers the reduced performance of weanling pigs fed reduced crude protein diets     

Santi D.Upadhaya  Sang Seon Lee  Young Hwa Kim  Zhenlong Wu  In Ho Kim 《动物营养（英文）》2022,8(1):249

This study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of glutamic acid(Glu)to reduced protein diets on the performance of weanling pigs.One hundred and eighty crossbred weanling pigs([Yorkshire
Landrace]
Duroc,21 d old)having similar body weight(BW)of 6.45 kg were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments(5 pigs per pen[2 barrows and 3 gilts];6 pens per treatment)based on BW and sex during a 6-week trial.Dietary treatments consisted of positive control(PC)diet formulated to have 226.9,205.6,and 188.8 g crude protein(CP)during phases 1,2,and 3,respectively,and negative control(NC)diets with 20 g CP reduction from PC diets and addition of Glu with increasing levels,resulting in the calculated Lys-to-Glu ratios of 1:2.25,1:2.30.1:2.35,1:2.40,and 1:2.45,designated as NC,NC1,NC2,NC3,and NC4,respectively.The BW of pigs receiving PC diet was higher(P<0.05)than those receiving NC diet at d 7,21 and 42.A higher(P<0.05)average daily gain(ADG)from d 1 to 7,8 to 21,22 to 42 and during the overall experiment period was observed in pigs fed PC than NC diet.Pigs fed NC diets including the graded level of Glu linearly increased(P<0.05)BW at d 42,ADG and gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)during the overall experimental period.In addition,trends in linear increase in BW(P=0.056)at d 7 and ADG from d 1 to 7 and d 22 to 42(linear effect,P=0.081,P=0.058 respectively)were observed.A tendency in the linear increment of NH3(P=0.082)at d 21 and linear reduction in methyl mercaptans(P=0.054)emission at d 42 was observed in pigs fed NC diets supplemented with graded level of Glu.In conclusion,supplementing the reduced protein diet with Glu enhanced the growth performance in weanling pigs suggesting that supplementation of Glu can compensate the reduction of 2%CP in the basal diets.  相似文献   

Effects of lysine and methionine supplementation on growth,body composition and digestive function of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed plant protein diets using high‐level canola meal          下载免费PDF全文

J. Jiang  D. Shi  X.‐Q. Zhou  L. Feng  Y. Liu  W.‐D. Jiang  P. Wu  L. Tang  Y. Wang  Y. Zhao 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(5):1126-1133

A 76‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of Lysine and Methionine supplementation on growth and digestive capacity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed plant protein diets using high‐level canola meal (CM). Fish with initial average weight 103.9 ± 0.6 g were fed three extruded diets. Fish meal (FM) diet was formulated as the normal control with 40 g kg^?1 FM and 300 g kg^?1 CM; CM diet was prepared by replacing all FM with CM (total 340 g kg^?1) without Lys or Met supplementation; CM supplement (CMS) diet was similar to CM diet but was supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA) to ensure the levels of Lys and Met similar to those in the FM diet. Feed intake, feed efficiency and specific growth rate of the grass carp fed CMS and FM diets were similar (P > 0.05), but higher than those of the grass carp fed CM diet (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index, relative gut length, intestosomatic index and intestinal folds height were significantly improved in fish fed FM and CMS diets as compared to CM diet (P < 0.05). Lower activities of trypsin, lipase and amylase in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed CM diet (P < 0.05). Three hundred and forty gram per kilogram CM without Lys or Met supplementation significantly decreased trypsin, lipase and amylase mRNA levels in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the high supply of CM (340 g kg^?1) in plant protein (200 g kg^?1 soybean meal and 100 g kg^?1 cottonseed meal) diets decreased digestive ability through decreasing digestive enzyme activities and enzyme gene's expressions of grass carp, and these side effects can be reversed by supplementing Lys and Met. Therefore, CM could be high level used in a plant protein blend‐based extruded diet for grass carp as long as EAA were supplemented.  相似文献   

黄颡鱼幼鱼对饲料中蛋白质和能量需要量的研究     

李敬伟  李文宽  骆小年  闫有利  王吉桥  王文辉 《水产科学》2005,24(9):17-19

以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源、大豆油为脂质源配制成3个蛋白质水平(35%、40%和45%)×2个能量水平(1.5×104J/g和1.6×104J/g)的6种试验饲料,投喂平均体重为(4.7±0.6)g的黄颡鱼,进行蛋白质和能量需要量的研究。经62 d饲养表明:黄颡鱼幼鱼配合饲料中的适宜蛋白质含量为41.47%~43.38%,最佳能量蛋白比为40.17。在6组试验饲料中,当蛋白质含量为40.38%,能量为1.622×104J/g时,体重增长率,蛋白质效率,肥满度均为最大值,分别为132.93%、1.14和1.76,饲料系数最低为2.17。  相似文献   

Hepatocellular adaptation to extreme nutritional conditions in ide,Leuciscus idus melanotus L. (Cyprinidae). A morphofunctional analysis     

Helmut Segner  Thomas Braunbeck 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1988,5(2):79-97

The adaptive response of the omnivorous ide,Leuciscus idus melanotus, to drastic metabolic conditions was analyzed on different levels of organisation investigating a variety of parameters: Organism (condition factor, liver-somatic index), organ (liver structure), cellular and subcellular level (hepatocyte structure, glycogen and lipid storage, contents and distribution of nucleic acids, enzyme alterations).During starvation, ide were able to maintain liver integrity in a biphasic process: after an initial phase of disturbance, ide established a new structural and metabolic homeostasis. Recovery from starvation was possible only with a complete diet but not with a sucrose diet. Carbohydrate overload, as evoked by sucrose refeeding, did not result in liver or carcass fattening as known from mammals.To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to use enzyme histochemistry in fish nutrition research. In mammals, histochemistry is particularly helpful for understanding processes of hepatic metabolic adaptation. In fish, however, on the basis of our results, enzyme histochemical studies appear to be of limited value, as long as no further data are available on a zonal distribution of enzyme activities in teleost liver parenchyma. Instead, the histochemical detection of the distribution of hepatic storage products and RNA-positive material yielded important information on liver adaptive processes.Abbreviations H starvation - SU sucrose - AD artificial diet - AcP acid phosphatase - G6Pase glucose-6-phosphatase - G6PDH glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - GLU -glucuronidase - ME malic enzyme - PHO glycogen phosphorylase - UE unspecific esterase - RER rough endoplasmic reticulum  相似文献   

Assessment of dietary lecithin and cholesterol requirements of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa using semi-purified microbound diets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.-H. HOLME  P.C. SOUTHGATE  & C. ZENG 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2007,13(6):413-423

The effects of varying dietary lecithin and cholesterol levels on growth, development and survival of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa were evaluated using six semi‐purified, microbound diets formulated to be iso‐energetic and containing three levels of supplemental lecithin (0, 20 and 40 g kg⁻¹ diet dry weight) and two levels of supplemental cholesterol (0 and 7 g kg⁻¹ diet dry weight). Fifteen megalopa were reared individually in each treatment and the nutritional value of diets was assessed on basis of mean dry weight and mean carapace width of newly settled first crab stage, as well as development time to the first crab stage and overall survival. A significant interaction between supplemental dietary lecithin and supplemental dietary cholesterol was found for final mean dry weight of newly settled crabs, and highest survival (60%) was recorded for megalopa fed diets containing the highest levels of dietary lecithin (39.7–44.1 g kg⁻¹) (diet 5 and 6) regardless of whether diets were supplemented with cholesterol; this rate of survival was identical to that of megalopa fed live Artemia nauplii. The results indicate that supplemental dietary cholesterol may not be essential for mud crab megalopa when fed diets containing sufficient levels of supplemental dietary phospholipids.  相似文献   

Reproductive performance,survival and development of nauplii and copepodites,sex ratio and adult life expectancy of the harpacticoid copepod,Euterpina acutifrons,fed different microalgal diets     

Thomas Camus  Chaoshu Zeng 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(8):1159-1169

A series of laboratory experiments were conducted on the harpacticoid copepod, Euterpina acutifrons, to assess the influence of 10 different microalgal diets (four monoalgal and six mixed algal diets) on several parameters related to its productivity in culture. The four monoalgal diets were the Tahitian strain of Isochrysis sp. (T‐Iso), Pavlova salina (Pav), Tetraselmis chuii (Tet) and the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri (Chaet), the five binary diets were T‐Iso+Tet, Pav+Tet, T‐Iso+Pav, Tet+Chaet and Pav+Chaet, while the tri‐algal diet was T‐Iso+Tet+Pav. All diets were fed to copepods at 1500 μ gC L^?1 and in the case of binary or trialgal diets, carbon concentration was divided equally between the two or three algae offered. Among monoalgal diets, the diatom Chaet was excellent for E. acutifrons. Out of the 10 diets tested, the binary diet Tet+Chaet, which contained the diatom Chaet, was the best for naupliar production of single pair E. acutifrons (19.5±1.7 nauplii female^?1 day^?1), significantly (P<0.05) higher than all other treatments except for the Chaet treatment (P>0.05). Similarly, in the group naupliar production trial (50 adult E. acutifrons per replicate), Tet+Chaet produced a significantly higher number of nauplii (405.8±18.6 nauplii day^?1) than the other treatments (P<0.05). Tet+Chaet further supported the highest naupliar survival (82.0±2.8%) and copepodite survival (89.0±2.8%), while the mono‐algal diet Chaet produced the second highest naupliar (76.7±2.6%) and copepodite survival (83.5±2.6%). In contrast, Pav produced the lowest overall survival at the naupliar stage (30.0±2.9%), significantly lower than all other treatments (P<0.05). While development from newly hatched nauplii to copepodites was not significantly affected by diets, mean development time from nauplius to adult was significantly different among treatments. Mean development time from hatching (naupliar I stage; NI) to the adult stage was the fastest with Tet+Chaet and Chaet (6.8±0.0 days for both treatments), which was significantly faster than that of Pav, T‐Iso Pav+Tet and T‐Iso+Pav+Te treatment (P<0.05). E. acutifrons sex ratio was significantly affected by diets, and always skewed in favour of males. Feeding on Pav resulted in the lowest proportion of females (23.7±1.2%), significantly lower than for six of the other treatments (P<0.05). Adult females had longer average life expectancy than males for all treatments, and were the longest when fed Tet+Chaet (9.5±0.4 days), which was more than twice as long as the shortest lifespan recorded for the Pav treatment (4.2±0.6 days) (P<0.05). In summary, among 10 diets tested, the binary diet Tet+Chaet appeared to support the highest culture productivity of E. acutifrons while the diatom Chaet also performed well as a monoalgal diet.  相似文献   

淀山湖湖水氮与叶绿素的时间格局转变研究     

梅雪英  张修峰  史利江  郑丽波 《水生态学杂志》2010,31(6):1-5

采用STARS（sequential t-test analysis of regime shifts）,以淀山湖湖水中TN、NH3-N、Chl-a和SD为指标,研究了淀山湖湖水氮与叶绿素在1991-2006年间的格局转变规律,分析了转变前后氮与叶绿素的格局特点。结果得出：1991-2006年间,淀山湖湖水中NH3-N和TN含量均存在两种格局,一次转变,发生转变的时间均在2000年;格局转变前NH3-N平均含量为0.649 mg•L-1,转变后为2.014 mg•L-1,是转变前的3.1倍;湖水TN的平均含量格局转变前为2.550 mg•L-1,转变后3.726 mg•L-1,是转变前的1.5倍。淀山湖湖水中Chl-a含量和SD也均存在两种格局,转变均发生在2001年。格局转变前湖水中Chl-a平均含量9.341ug•L-1,转变后19.713ug•L-1,是转变前的2.1倍;湖水SD在转变前平均62 cm,转变后降低为43 cm。2000年的格局转变指数（RSI）2.185,其中NH3-N的RSI 1.038,TN的1.147;2001年的RSI为1.341,其中Chl-a的0.318,SD的为1.023。  相似文献