Growth,behavioural, serum biochemical and morphological changes in female rabbits fed high-fat diet     

Jiahao Shao  Jie Wang  Yanhong Li  Mauricio A. Elzo  Tao Tang  Tianfu Lai  Yuan Ma  Mingchuan Gan  Li Wang  Xianbo Jia  Songjia Lai 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(2):345-353

This study aimed to determine whether high-fat diet (HFD) could cause growth, behavioural, biochemical and morphological changes in young female rabbits. Thirty-six female rabbits were randomly divided into two groups fed with either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard normal diet (SND) for 5 weeks. Growth and behavioural changes were recorded during the 5-week feeding period. Tissue samples, including blood and adipose tissue, were obtained after slaughter. HFD rabbits weighed more by the end of the feeding period, had a higher percent body weight and adipose tissue weight change and had longer body and bust lengths than SND rabbits. HFD rabbits significantly reduced their feed intake and feeding frequency during the fourth and fifth weeks. HFD rabbits also showed lower frequency of drinking and resting and increased stereotypical behaviour. Besides, HFD rabbits showed significant physiological abnormalities. HFD rabbits had higher serum cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) levels than SND rabbits at the end of the feeding period, and higher free fatty acid (FFA) levels than rabbits in the SND group after the third week of feeding. Serum thyroxine (T4) increased significantly in week 2 and week 5 and triiodothyronine (T3) increased significantly in week four. However, there was no significant change in serum glucose (GLU) and insulin (INS) levels. Additionally, HFD reduced the area and diameter of perirenal and subcutaneous fat cells and increased their density. Our findings suggest that HFD rabbits had higher weight gains, accumulation of fat, and more behavioural changes than SND rabbits. Although high levels of fat in the diet had a low impact on hyperglycaemia, it could lead to hyperlipidemia and hyperthyroidism. Our results also suggest that sustained HFD may cause the proliferation of adipocytes in young female rabbits.  相似文献   

Prey partitioning and use of insects by juvenile sockeye salmon and a potential competitor,threespine stickleback,in Afognak Lake,Alaska          下载免费PDF全文

Natura Richardson  Anne H. Beaudreau  Mark S. Wipfli  Heather Finkle 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):586-601

Freshwater growth of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) depends upon the quality and quantity of prey and interactions with potential competitors in the foraging environment. To a large extent, knowledge about the ecology of lake‐rearing juvenile sockeye salmon has emerged from studies of commercially important runs returning to deep nursery lakes, yet information from shallow nursery lakes (mean depth ≤ 10 m) is limited. We examined seasonal and ontogenetic variation in diets of juvenile sockeye salmon (N = 219, 30–85 mm) and an abundant potential competitor, threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus; N = 198, 42–67 mm), to understand their foraging ecology and potential trophic interactions in a shallow Alaska lake. This study revealed that adult insects made up 74% of all sockeye salmon diets by weight and were present in 98% of all stomachs in Afognak Lake during the summer of 2013. Diets varied temporally for all fishes, but small sockeye salmon (<60 mm) showed a distinct shift in consumption from zooplankton in early summer to adult insects in late summer. We found significant differences in diet composition between sockeye salmon and threespine stickleback and the origin of their prey indicated that they also separated their use of habitat on a fine scale; however, the two species showed overlap in size selectivity of zooplankton prey. Considering that aquatic insects can be a primary resource for juvenile sockeye salmon in Afognak Lake, we encourage the development of nursery lake carrying capacity models that include aquatic insects as a prey source for sockeye salmon.  相似文献   

日粮脂肪酸来源对动物产品中不饱和脂肪酸影响的研究进展     

马燕芬  高民  卢德勋 《畜牧与饲料科学》2011,(9)

主要就动物日粮脂肪酸来源对肉、蛋和奶中不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响作一简要综述。  相似文献   

高蛋白膳食对小鼠胰腺功能的氧化损伤   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谷春梅  施用晖  乐国伟 《中国畜牧兽医》2010,37(11):32-35

为探讨高蛋白膳食对小鼠胰腺功能的影响,试验选用30只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠,按体重随机分成对照组、高蛋白组和抗氧化剂组3组。试验2周后处死小鼠,取胰腺组织进行检测。结果表明,与对照组相比,高蛋白组MDA显著升高（P＜0.05）,SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC显著下降（P＜0.05）,脏器中胰腺重影响较大,表现为显著增加,蛋白质、DNA和RNA浓度显著提高,消化酶活性显著降低,生长抑素和胰岛素水平显著提高（P＜0.05）。添加抗氧化剂—半胱胺后,自由基水平被降低,抗氧化能力被提高,胰腺功能也有所改善。因此,高蛋白膳食可通过破坏胰腺氧化和抗氧化平衡状态,增加自由基对胰腺内外分泌功能的氧化应激损伤。  相似文献   

The effects of altering diet formulation and manufacturing technique on pellet quality     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2010,19(2):112-120

  相似文献   

12种农药在烟叶中残留及烟气中转移试验初报*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗华元  王绍坤  常寿荣  张峻松  程昌新  董石飞 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,25(5):636-642

 2008年在曲靖开展了12种农药在烤烟上的田间农药残留试验。检测了12种农药在烟叶及其烟气总粒相物中的残留。结果表明：(1）施用的康福多、赤斑特、爱诺链宝、科生、宝成、除草通和甲胺磷等7种农药,在所分析样品的烟叶和相应的烟气总粒相物中均未检测到残留量,使用这7种农药不会在烟叶和烟气中产生有害成分,具有很高的吸食安全性,但是甲胺磷田间急性毒性大,被国家烟草专卖局禁用,其余6种农药可在烟草上安全使用;(2）病毒特、抑芽敏、莫比朗3种农药在烟叶样品中有残留,但在烟气总粒相物中未被检测,烟叶上使用这3种农药也具有极高的吸食安全性;(3）甲霜灵和芽畏在烟叶样品和烟气总粒相物中均被检出,但均不超过国际农残标准,在烟叶上使用这2种农药仍具有较高的吸食安全性。试验结果为科学地选择烟用农药和提高中式卷烟的安全性提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Eating and rumination behaviour in Brahman grade cattle and crossbred water buffalo fed on high roughage diet     

Renato S. A. VEGA  Arnel N. DEL BARRIO  Percival. P. SANGEL  Osamu KATSUBE  Jose. C. CANARIA  Jose V. HERRERA  Rosalina M. LAPITAN  Edgar A. ORDEN  Tsutomu FUJIHARA  Yukio KANAI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(5):574-579

The purpose of this study is to compare feeding and other behavior and nutrient digestibility of tropical grade Brahman (body weight (BW) = 231 kg ± 12.4; n = 3) and crossbred water buffalo (BW = 300 kg ± 13.9; n = 3). This experiment on digestibility and measures of muscles of mastication utilized one‐way, and animal behavior two‐way, analysis of variance, respectively. Two video camcorders were installed in each pair of buffalo and Brahman for 24 h period programmed on the 107th, 109th and 111th days of the digestion trials. Frequency and duration of feeding, meal intake, rumination, bolus, chews, drinking, defecating, standing and lying were recorded daily. Muscle diameter of Digastricus, Masseter and Pterygoid and different regions of the tongue were sampled and measured under light microscope using a standard micrometer. Buffalo obtained significantly higher intake of dry matter, roughage, crude protein, total digestible nutrient and metabolized energy than Brahman. This was supported by longer meal duration (P ≤ 0.05), and shorter meal breaks (P ≤ 0.05) of buffalo than Brahman. The diameter of the muscles for mastication was bigger (P ≤ 0.05) in buffalo than in Brahman, which is indicative of stronger chewing ability. Briefly, lesser and slower chewing action; higher intake of roughage and crude protein; and longer resting behavior of crossbred water buffalo than Brahman are all indicative of better digestive and metabolic performance of the buffalo under high roughage feeding conditions.  相似文献   

Applications of chemical shift imaging to marine sciences     

Lee H  Tikunov A  Stoskopf MK  Macdonald JM 《Marine drugs》2010,8(8):2369-2383

The successful applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in medicine are mostly due to the non-invasive and non-destructive nature of MRI techniques. Longitudinal studies of humans and animals are easily accomplished, taking advantage of the fact that MRI does not use harmful radiation that would be needed for plain film radiographic, computerized tomography (CT) or positron emission (PET) scans. Routine anatomic and functional studies using the strong signal from the most abundant magnetic nucleus, the proton, can also provide metabolic information when combined with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS can be performed using either protons or hetero-nuclei (meaning any magnetic nuclei other than protons or 1H) including carbon (13C) or phosphorus (31P). In vivo MR spectra can be obtained from single region of interest (ROI or voxel) or multiple ROIs simultaneously using the technique typically called chemical shift imaging (CSI). Here we report applications of CSI to marine samples and describe a technique to study in vivo glycine metabolism in oysters using 13C MRS 12 h after immersion in a sea water chamber dosed with [2-13C]-glycine. This is the first report of 13C CSI in a marine organism.  相似文献   

Effect of macronutrient ratio of the pre‐starter diet on broiler performance and intermediary metabolism     

Q. Swennen  N. Everaert  M. Debonne  I. Verbaeys  C. Careghi  K. Tona  G. P. J. Janssens  E. Decuypere  V. Bruggeman  J. Buyse 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(3):375-384

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of isoenergetic substitution between the three energy delivering macronutrients in pre‐starter diets on performance and intermediary nutrient metabolism in broiler chickens. From hatch until 5 days of age, 600 chicks, collected during peak of hatch, were fed one of the three experimental pre‐starter diets with isoenergetic (13 MJ metabolisable energy/kg) substitutions between fat (43 vs. 108 g/kg), protein (126 vs. 240 g/kg) and carbohydrates (391 vs. 510 g/kg). After 5 days, commercial grower and finisher diets were provided. Pre‐starter composition influenced body weight until slaughter age, although not statistically verifiable. Broilers fed the low protein (LP) pre‐starter had the lowest body weight in relation to chickens on the low carbohydrate or low fat pre‐starter diet. After hatch, chicks on the LP pre‐starter diet were able to use the residual yolk sac more rapidly to fulfil their protein requirement, which is reflected in small intestine and liver development. Also, plasma metabolite levels were influenced mostly by the LP pre‐starter, indicating that the main focus for the requirements of newly hatched chicks should be on proteins. Furthermore, optimal nutrition during the first day’s post‐hatch should take into account the contribution of the yolk.  相似文献   

生长猪低磷日粮添加植酸酶和有机酸以及维生素D_3的研究     

芦春莲  陈楠  田树海  范苗  张璐  许晴  曹洪战 《畜牧与兽医》2010,42(8)

本试验通过添加植酸酶、有机酸(柠檬酸、抗坏血酸)和维生素D3、木聚糖酶来减少无机磷的添加量,提高饲料中植酸磷的利用率,降低磷的排泄量。选择30 kg左右的"斯格"纯种猪70头,随机分成7组:常磷组、低磷日粮组(NC)、NC+600 U/kg植酸酶组、NC+600 U/kg植酸酶+10 g/kg的柠檬酸、NC+600 U/kg植酸酶+10 g/kg的柠檬酸+200 mg/kg抗坏血酸、NC+600 U/kg植酸酶+10 g/kg的柠檬酸+200 mg/kg抗坏血酸+100μg/kg的维生素D3、不添加磷酸氢钙。所有日粮中都添加50 mg/kg木聚糖酶。结果表明:低磷日粮添加植酸酶、有机酸(柠檬酸、抗坏血酸)和维生素D3,平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.05),日增重显著提高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05);养分消化率均显著提高;血液指标着中,白蛋白显著降低(P0.05),碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、谷草、谷丙转氨酶无影响(P0.05)。  相似文献