Long-term nutritional effects on the primary liver and kidney metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). II. Adaptive response of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to high-carbohydrate/low-protein and high-fat/non-carbohydrate diets     

M. J. SÁNCHEZ-MUROS  L. GARCÍA-REJÓN  J. A. LUPIÁÑEZ  M. DE LA  HIGUERA 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1996,2(4):193-200

The influence of long-term administration of high-carbohydrate/low-protein and high-fat/non-carbohydrate diets were studied in relation to kinetic behaviour of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver and kidney of rainbow trout. In all cases studied, the saturation curves of these enzyme showed typical hyperbolic kinetics without evidence of sigmoidicity. After 30 days of feeding with a high-fat diet (170 g kg^?1), there was a significant decrease in V_max and specific activity (45%) as well as catalytic efficiency (39%) without changes in K_m or activity ratio of hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These changes agree more with a clearly decreased cell concentration than with an inhibition of the pre-existing enzyme. The administration of a high-carbohydrate diet (60 g kg^?1), contrary to what was previously thought, decreased V_max by 21% and specific activity and catalytic efficiency by 30%, without significant changes in the other kinetic parameters of the hepatic enzyme. The kinetic behaviour under these nutritional conditons was due to the rejection of this diet by the fish and thus could be considered a low-feeding situation. On the other hand, no variations in the kinetics of renal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were found, clearly demonstrating that in this organ, the pentosephosphate pathway showed no adaptive response related to fattyacid and other lipid synthesis. The activity of the renal enzyme was consistently half that of the hepatic enzyme.  相似文献   

Dynamics of plasma free amino acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss under variety of dietary conditions     

Chutima Tantikitti  B. E. March 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(3):179-194

Plasma amino acid profiles in the systemic circulation of rainbow trout acclimated to diets containing different protein sources, with and without supplementation with free amino acids, were monitored for up to 120 hours after consumption of the diets. Plasma concentrations of lysine, methionine, and isoleucine increased more rapidly after feeding a diet supplemented with these amino acids in free form and, depending upon the increase in plasma concentration, remained at concentrations above those in fish fed the basal diet for at least 24h after feeding. Dietary supplementation with isoleucine increased plasma concentrations of leucine and valine as well as of isoleucine. Maximum plasma concentrations for most amino acids were attained between 12 and 24h postprandial. Dietary inclusion of gelatin caused more rapid elevations in plasma glycine and serine than did free glycine. Feeding at three hour intervals resulted in stable plasma concentrations of individual amino acids in contrast to the fluctuations occurring when fish were fed once daily. Frequent feeding favoured a higher proportion of protein to lipid in body composition.  相似文献   

不同施肥水平对水稻沈农9741品质的影响     

商全玉  ;杨秀峰  ;吕国依  ;王万霞  ;韩康顺  ;张文忠 《中国稻米》2014,(4):60-61

以沈农9741为材料,探讨了不同施肥水平对其品质的影响。结果表明,氮肥施用量与沈农9741整精米率、蛋白质含量显著相关,氮、磷、钾肥施用量与垩白粒率显著或极显著正相关,氮肥施用量与粒宽和精米白度显著负相关。  相似文献   

兽用止痢、止泻中草药制剂的质量检测及制备(英文)     

蔡璐  ;蒋秀全  ;杨何  ;蔡一鸣 《农业科学与技术》2014,(7):1180-1182

[目的]制订止痢、止泻兽用中草药制剂的质量检验标准。[方法]分别采用理化鉴别和紫外分光光度计的定性检测对比试验。[结果]蒸馏水法检测的最大吸收峰峰值相差大于1 nm;0.9%盐酸法和60%乙醇法得出最大吸收峰的峰值相差小于1 nm,次吸收峰的峰值差别也均小于1 nm。[结论]选用0.9%盐酸法和60%乙醇法作为兽用止痢、止泻中草药制剂的质量检测标准。  相似文献   

微生物肥料对不同节肥水平下烤烟生长与产质的影响     

常换换  张立猛  崔永和  胡德波  林春  刘萍  苏友波 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,34(5):447-452

通过大田随机区组试验研究了10%、20%、30%节肥水平下两种微生物肥料对烤烟生长及产质的影响。结果表明:(1)在团棵期和旺长期,烤烟的农艺性状随着减肥量的增加而降低,在30%节肥水平时,降低较为明显,对烤烟生长的影响较大。到成熟期,金农肥中肥各节肥水平对烤烟的农艺性状均有不同程度的提升,德根贝在10%节肥水平时,烤烟的农艺性状有提升,在20%和30%节肥水平时分别降低10.4%、4.9%。(2)烤烟在3种节肥水平下其经济性状与对照均无显著差异,但不同节肥水平之间存在差异。两种微生物肥料均在20%节肥水平时,烤烟经济性状表现最好。金农肥中肥效果较为明显,显著提高了烤烟上等烟比例、中上等烟比例及均价,且烤烟产值比对照、10%节肥水平、30%节肥水平分别增加12.5%、34.5%、28.2%。  相似文献   

夏秋季红火蚁工蚁的觅食偏好性及与多态性的关系     

仇小龙  张波  何余容  高燕  陈婷  吕利华 《华南农业大学学报》2014,35(6):63-66

【目的】明确在广州地区红火蚁Solenopsis invicta的觅食嗜好性,为我国防治红火蚁新型饵剂的研制与开发提供科学依据.【方法】2011年7—11月观察了广州桑园和荒地红火蚁工蚁觅食活动的季节差异和日动态,并分析其摄食食物类别与生境、季节的关系,比较分析了固态型、液态型或防御型工蚁的个体分布.【结果和结论】春、秋季的2种生境中,摄取固态或液态食物的红火蚁工蚁数量在2种生境或夏秋季节间存在显著差异(固态型P0.01,液态型P0.05),但这种差异不受生境和季节互作的影响(固态型P=0.373 3、液态型P=0.903 3).工蚁对液态食物的喜好强于固态食物,携带液态食物的工蚁的平均比例[夏季:(36.58±8.74)%,秋季:(37.60±5.16)%],显著地高于搬运固态食物的[夏季:(8.03±1.66)%,秋季:(7.30±1.71)%].取食固态食物、液态食物以及负责防御的3类工蚁的个体多态性均呈连续性偏态分布,其平均头壳宽度分别为(0.652 4±0.007 1)、(0.636 1±0.006 2)和(0.636 3±0.006 4)mm,而且三者间无显著性差异.  相似文献   

钾营养水平对大花蕙兰小苗生长及养分吸收的影响     

栾添  杨秀珍  李惠  孙燕  刘燕 《中国农业大学学报》2014,19(4):103-107

为探讨钾营养水平对大花蕙兰生长的影响,以红花品种‘R-01’小苗(组培苗出瓶3个月)为试验材料,红松树皮为基质栽培,进行不同钾浓度营养液施肥处理。结果表明,100mg/L钾浓度对叶片长度有促进作用,且随着钾浓度增加,根系生长量显著增加而地上部分生长量反而下降。当钾浓度高于100mg/L时,叶片叶绿素水平降低。钾浓度的增加没有引起植物体内钾吸收量的显著增加;钾浓度100mg/L时,氮吸收明显增大,根部钙吸收也明显增加;钾浓度50mg/L时,叶片磷吸收量达到最大。本试验钾浓度对镁吸收没有显著影响。  相似文献   

阴地厥提取物对运动训练大鼠不同组织抗氧化水平的影响     

黎远军  熊正英 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,42(6):34-40

【目的】探讨阴地厥提取物(Scepteridium ternatumextract,STE)对运动训练大鼠心、肝、肾、脑、股四头肌等组织抗氧化水平的影响。【方法】将24只SD雄性大鼠随机分为安静对照组、运动对照组及运动+STE组,后2组大鼠进行7周的大强度跑台耐力训练,安静对照组自由活动不进行跑台训练,运动+STE组大鼠每天灌胃STE100mg/kg,其他2组灌服相同体积的生理盐水,每周最后1天测各组大鼠的体质量。第8周第1天取运动对照组和运动+STE组大鼠心、肝、肾、脑、股四头肌等组织样品,匀浆后分别测试各组大鼠不同组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。【结果】运动+STE组和运动对照组大鼠体质量与安静对照组比较均呈下降的趋势,其中运动+STE组大鼠体质量变化无显著性差异(P0.05),而运动对照组大鼠体质量变化有显著性差异(P0.05)。运动+STE组大鼠各组织T-AOC、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性和GSH含量显著或极显著高于运动对照组。运动+STE组大鼠各组织(除脑组织外)MDA含量显著低于运动对照组(P0.05),而高于安静对照组。【结论】阴地厥提取物可以改善长时间大强度耐力运动大鼠心、肝、肾、脑、股四头肌等组织的抗氧化水平,维持各组织抗氧酶活性和GSH含量,降低脂质过氧化反应,减少MDA的生成。  相似文献   

Influence of the proportion of poultry slaughter by-products and of untreated or hydrothermically treated legume seeds in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), on apparent digestibilities of their energy and organic compounds     

E. PFEFFER  S. KINZINGER  M. RODEHUTSCORD 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1995,1(2):111-117

Apparent digestibilities (D) of energy and proximate nutrients were determined in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), by stripping faeces and using Cr₂O₃ as a marker. When wheat gluten + L-lysine-HCl (WG-lys) as sole source of dietary N were increased stepwise from 324 to 941 g·kg^?1, replacing 210 g·Kg^?1 fish oil (FO) and 407 g·kg^?1 gelatinized corn starch (GCS), D of crude protein rose from 96 to 99% and that of FO was always above 96%. D of GCS was 70% at inclusions up to 210 g·kg^?1, but only 41 at 407 g·kg^?1. Three by-products of poultry slaughtering and three legume seeds replaced WG at levels of 250 and 500 g·kg^?1 in a basal diet of WG-lys, minerals and vitamins. Soy beans had been pressure cooked at one of two intensities, and field beans and fields peas were either untreated or had been autoclaved. D of energy and crude protein was hardly affected by dietary proportion in poultry blood mean (84 and 85%), poultry offal meal (80 and 81%) and incompletely pressure cooked soy beans (82 and 90%); increasing dietary proportions from 250 to 500 g·kg^?1 reduced the respective values of feather meal (88–81 and 86–83%), raw (43–32 and 76–70%) and autoclaved field beans (67–57 and 89–86%), as well as raw (47–39 and 86–83%) and autoclaved field peas (65–40 and 91–86%). At the higher proportion, D of energy of completely pressure cooked soy beans was reduced from 91 to 86%, but that of crude protein was constant at 94%.  相似文献   

The effect of water-borne magnesium on the dietary magnesium requirement of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Karl D. Shearer  Torbjørn Åsgård 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1992,9(5-6):387-392

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (mean initial weight 0.84 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of magnesium (Mg) (78 to 725µg/g) while being exposed to one of several levels in the rearing water (1.4 to 1000 mg/l). Uptake of Mg from the water, in Mg-deficient fish, was linearly related to the water Mg concentrated. It appears that the fish's Mg requirement can be met from either or both the diet or water. Under the experimental conditions, a water-borne concentration of 46 mg/l was calculated to be sufficient to meet the Mg requirement of the fish fed a Mg-free diet.  相似文献