Effects of Cu²⁺-exchanged montmorillonite on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of Nile tilapia     

C.H. HU  Y. XU  M. S. XIA  L. XIONG  & Z.R. XU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(3):281-288

A total of 360 Nile tilapia at an average initial body weight of 3.9 g were randomly allocated to four treatments, each of which had three replicates of 30 fish per tank and used to investigate the effects of Cu²⁺‐exchanged montmorillonite (Cu‐MMT) on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities. The dietary treatments were: (i) basal diet, (ii) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 MMT; (iii) basal diet + 30 mg kg^?1 copper as CuSO₄ (equivalent to the copper in the Cu‐MMT treatment group), or (iv) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 Cu‐MMT. The results showed that supplementation with Cu‐MMT significantly improved growth performance as compared with the control and fish fed with Cu‐MMT had higher growth performance than those fed with MMT or CuSO₄. Supplementation with Cu‐MMT reduced (P < 0.05) the total intestinal aerobic bacterial counts and affected the composition of intestinal microflora with Aeromonas, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Alcaligence, Enterobacteriaceae decreasing as compared with the control. Addition of MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, and the activities of intestinal amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. Addition of Cu‐MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash, and the activities of total protease, amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. While supplementation with CuSO₄ had no (P > 0.05) effect on intestinal microflora, digestibility, and digestive enzyme activities the results showed that Cu‐MMT exhibited antibacterial activity in vivo resulting in a positive effect on digestive enzyme activities, and then promoted the digestion and absorption of dietary nutrition.  相似文献   

In vitro analyses for predicting standardised ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in actual batches of feedstuffs and diets for pigs     

S. Boisen   《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):182

In vitro digestibility analyses of feedstuffs and diets are integrated in the new Danish feed evaluation system for pigs. This system is based on potential physiological energy and standardised digestible amino acids. For characterisation of the energy value of actual batches of feedstuffs and complete diets for pigs, two different in vitro methods have been developed and proved to analyse precisely the digestibility of organic matter at faecal, as well as at ileal, level in the pigs. For characterisation of the protein value in the diet, table values for standardised digestibility of amino acids from the individual feedstuffs are used for calculation of their contribution to the amino acid recommendations for the specific pig category. The results in the present paper indicate that in vitro analyses for digestibility of crude protein in feedstuffs are a reliable tool for calculation of standardised ileal digestibility of the individual amino acids. Thus, the results may question the need for future experiments with surgically modified pigs for analysing ileal digestibility of amino acids in protein sources. Alternatively, in vitro digestibility analyses appear to have a general potential for a precise evaluation of amino acid digestibility in actual batches of feedstuffs and pig diets.  相似文献   

Establishment and early growth characteristics of six Paulownia genotypes for goat browse in Raleigh, NC, USA     

J. Paul Mueller  Jean-Marie Luginbuhl  Ben A. Bergmann 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,52(1):63-72

Meat goat production in the eastern USA is increasing as a result of growing demand from various ethnic groups. Because goats naturally prefer a high proportion of browse in their diets, research was initiated to investigate various silvopastoral production systems. The genus Paulownia contains several species which exhibit rapid juvenile growth and other characteristics that justify research into their potential use in meat goat feeding systems. In May 1997, six Paulownia genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block experiment with six replications. Trees were between 6 and 12 cm in height at planting. Genotypes included: P. fortunei seedlings, P. tomentosa seedlings, P. elongata seedlings and three P. elongata clones. Each 4-m wide plot contained a single row of 12 trees with an intra-row spacing of 1 m. Plant measurements included height, root collar diameter (RCD) at 3 cm above soil surface, and the number of main branches. Leaf samples were collected from all six replications for estimates of herbage quality. During 1998, trees were browsed with goats on two occasions to assess palatability of the herbage and to determine any preference for specific genotypes by the animals. Compared with seedling trees of all three species, the three P. elongata clones were taller (clones: 79.7 cm, seedlings: 55.9 cm; P < 0.01), had larger RCDs (clones: 18.4 mm, seedlings: 13.9 mm; P < 0.01) and had a higher branching frequency (clones: 4.9, seedlings: 1.5; P < 0.01) by the end of the first growing season. Mortality averaged 4.8% across all treatments and ranged between 0 and 8%. Early in the 1998 growing season before trees were browsed, P. elongata clones grew more rapidly than seedlings (clones: 116.4 cm, seedlings: 84.1 cm; P < 0.01). Estimates of herbage quality indicated favorable concentrations of energy and protein for lamina. In vitro true dry matter disappearance ranged from 85.4 (blades) to 71.5% (petioles) and crude protein from 25.1 (blades) to 4.9% (petioles). Animals readily browsed the lamina during two separate sessions, but no clear preference trends were observed among the different Paulownia genotypes.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in minerals,crude protein and structural carbohydrates of foliage in provenances of young plants ofProsopis cineraria (L.) Druce in India     

S. Arya  R. P. Bisht  R. Tomar  O. P. Toky  P. J. C. Harris 《Agroforestry Systems》1995,29(1):1-7

Prosopis cineraria is an important species for aridzone agroforestry in India. Information on the chemical composition and nutritive value of the leaves of young trees that will be useful in screening the provenances, is lacking. Chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) of the foliage of one-year-old plants of 31 provenances ofProsopis cineraria were determined. The seeds were collected from 16°50 N to 29°55 N latitude and 69°49 E to 78°03 E longitude in India, and grown at Hisar (29°10 N latitude, 75°46 E longitude and 215 m altitude). Mineral contents (except N and P), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates varied significantly (p<0.05) between provenances, and the greatest amount of N, P, crude protein, NDF, ADF and lignin contents were found in Hisar provenance. The in vitro dry matter digestibility varied from 18.2% in Gandhinagar provenance to 34.0% in that of Barmer provenance.  相似文献   

Management Effects on Biomass and Foliar Nutritive Value of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gleditsia triacanthos</Emphasis> f. <Emphasis Type="Italic">inermis</Emphasis> in Arkansas,USA     

D?M.?BurnerEmail author  D.?H.?Pote  A.?Ares 《Agroforestry Systems》2005,65(3):207-214

The browse potential of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and thornless honey locust [Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis (L.) Zabel] has not been adequately tested. Our objective was to determine effects of fertilization and pollarding on biomass and foliar nutritive value in separate studies of black locust and thornless honey locust in Arkansas, USA. Shoots were sampled monthly for two consecutive growing seasons in 2002 and 2003 to determine foliar, shoot, and total aboveground biomass, shoot basal diameter, and foliar nutritive value (crude protein and in vitro digestibility). Black locust yielded more foliar biomass when pollarded at 50 or 100 cm and fertilized with 600 kg P ha⁻¹, than at 5 cm with or without P, averaging 3.5 Mg dry matter ha⁻¹. Black locust foliar crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility ( ≤ 170 and 534 g kg⁻¹, respectively) decreased as leaves aged, but still met maintenance needs for beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). Thornless honey locust had little agronomic potential because of slow establishment, low foliar yield (330 kg ha⁻¹), and a 2% reversion to undesirable thorny phenotype. Black locust should be considered for livestock browse when drought induces semi-dormancy of herbaceous forages.  相似文献   

断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标的影响     

郭峰  屠焰  司丙文  柴建民  刁其玉 《动物营养学报》2015,(2)

本试验旨在研究不同断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标影响。试验选用新生红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛60头,根据日龄和体重随机分成5个处理,每个处理12头犊牛,公母各占1/2,试验组分别在28、42、56和70日龄进行断母乳(分别为28A、42B、56C、70D组),随后人工哺乳代乳品至90日龄;对照组( CK组)随母哺乳至150日龄。试验时间为出生至150日龄,期间测定体重(0、70、90、150日龄)和血清生化指标(70、90、150日龄)的变化。每个处理选取6头犊牛分别在断奶前(85~90日龄)和断奶后(145~150日龄)进行2期消化代谢试验。每期6 d,其中2 d预试期,4 d正试期。结果显示：1)试验全期体重各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)断奶前各组犊牛营养物质消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),断奶后28A、42B组犊牛干物质消化率显著高于56C、70D组( P<0.05),有机物消化率显著高于70D组( P<0.05),其中42B组消化率略高。3)150日龄试验结束时,28A和42B组血清葡萄糖、总蛋白、甘油三酯、尿素氮、胆固醇、结合珠蛋白、白细胞介素-2、胰岛素样生长因子-1、免疫球蛋白M含量与CK组相比差异不显著( P>0.05),血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A含量分别显著低于、高于CK组( P<0.05),其中42B组略高。由此可见,红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛的断母乳时间以42日龄较为适宜。  相似文献   

不同磷水平和钙磷比饲粮添加植酸酶对妊娠母猪养分表观消化率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭文文  杨维仁  郭宝林  张亮  魏茂莲  王德海  赵丽芳 《动物营养学报》2015,(3):893-901

本试验旨在研究不同磷水平和钙磷比饲粮添加植酸酶对妊娠母猪养分消化率的影响。试验选择遗传背景一致、2~3胎次(预产期前28 d)、体重为(221.91±7.41)kg、预产期相近的健康"长×大"二元杂交母猪36头,按照胎次、预产期均衡原则随机分为9个组,每个组4个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(钙、磷水平分别为7.26、5.81 g/kg);组2为基础饲粮添加植酸酶;组3~5保持钙水平(7.26 g/kg)不变添加植酸酶,减少无机磷添加至对照组的75%、50%、25%[钙磷比为(1.35~1.63)∶1.00];组6~9保持钙磷比不变(1.25∶1.00)添加植酸酶,减少无机磷添加至对照组的75%、50%、25%、0。结果表明:1)正常磷水平下,添加植酸酶显著提高了干物质、粗灰分、有机物和磷的表观消化率(P0.05),极显著降低了粪中磷的排泄量(P0.01),有降低铜、锌排泄量的趋势(P0.10)。与对照相比,低磷水平添加植酸酶极显著提高了干物质、粗灰分、有机物、磷、钙、铁、铜、锌的表观消化率(P0.01),显著降低了粪中磷、钙、铁、铜、锌的排泄量(P0.05)。2)饲粮在保持钙水平不变或钙磷比不变的条件下添加植酸酶,随磷添加量的降低,干物质、粗灰分、有机物、磷、铁、铜、锌的表观消化率均呈线性或二次升高(P0.05),粪中磷、铁、铜、锌的排泄量呈线性或二次降低(P0.01),保持钙磷比不变,钙、粗蛋白质的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05)。3)以表观可消化磷为标准,饲粮保持钙水平不变和钙磷比不变添加植酸酶可分别替代0.91、1.27 g/kg的无机磷,减少24.70%、34.48%的粪磷排泄量。4)钙磷比不变(1.25∶1.00)组饲粮的养分表观消化率极显著高于钙水平不变[高钙磷比(1.35~1.63)∶1.00]组饲粮(P0.01),且粪矿物质的排泄量极显著减少(P0.01)。综上所述:1)在本研究条件下,在低无机磷、低钙磷比(1.25∶1.00)饲粮中,添加植酸酶提高养分消化率的效果更显著。2)以表观可消化磷为标准,母猪饲粮的钙磷比为1.25∶1.00时,添加植酸酶可减少1.27 g/kg的磷添加。  相似文献   

Productive performance,gut morphometry,and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicken in response to low and high dietary levels of citric acid     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(4):470-480

  相似文献   

Demonstration of uniformity of calcium absorption in adult dogs and cats          下载免费PDF全文

J. K. Mack  L. G. Alexander  P. J. Morris  B. Dobenecker  E. Kienzle 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(5):801-809

A meta‐analysis was conducted to understand quantitative aspects of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) absorption in adult dogs and cats. 34 studies in dogs and 14 studies in cats met the criteria for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Intake and faecal excretion values of Ca and P were subjected to a modified Lucas test and subsequent regression analyses. According to the current scientific consensus, Ca true digestibility (absorption) should increase at low Ca intake and decrease at high Ca intake. If true, this should result in a nonlinear relationship between the percentage of Ca excreted and dietary Ca intake. The present meta‐analysis showed a highly significant linear relationship (p < 0.0001) between Ca intake and Ca excretion suggesting a lack of systematic quantitative adaptation in true Ca digestibility. This finding suggests either that the time period covered by standard digestion trials is too short to induce adaptation mechanisms or that dogs and cats at maintenance will not efficiently alter quantitative Ca absorption percentage according to the amount ingested. If the latter is true, a dietary Ca supply differing greatly from the recommended dietary intake might impair the health of cats and dogs when fed long term. The data plots for P intake and faecal excretion were less uniform suggesting other factors not just dietary intake influence faecal P excretion. In adult cats, the dietary Ca:P ratio strongly influenced the true digestibility of P, whereas this effect was less marked in adult dogs. Faecal P excretion was significantly correlated to faecal Ca excretion in both species (p < 0.0001), and surprisingly, the level of P intake did not appear to be an important determinant of true digestibility of P.  相似文献   

Effects of pistachio by‐products on digestibility,milk production,milk fatty acid profile and blood metabolites in Saanen dairy goats          下载免费PDF全文

R. Sedighi‐Vesagh  A. A. Naserian  M. H. Ghaffari  H. V. Petit 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(4):777-787

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pistachio by‐products (PBP) on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and milk fatty acid (FA) profile in Saanen dairy goats. Nine multiparous lactating Saanen goats (on day 90 post‐partum, 45 ± 2/kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three treatment diets: 1) control diet (alfalfa hay based), 2) 32% PBP and 3) 32% PBP + polyethylene glycol (PEG‐4000; 1 g/kg dry matter). Each period lasted 21 days, including 14 day for treatment adaptation and 7 day for data collection. Pistachio by‐products significantly decreased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) digestibility compared with the control diet (64.4% vs. 58.7%), but PEG addition did not differ for CP digestibility of goats fed 32% PBP + PEG and those fed the two other diets. The digestibility of NDF tended (p = 0.06) to decrease for goats fed PBP compared with those fed the control diet. Yields of milk and 4% fat‐corrected milk were not affected by dietary treatments. Compared with the control diet, PBP supplementation appreciably changed the proportions of almost all the milk FA measured; the main effects were decreases (p < 0.01) in FA from 8:0 to 16:0 and increases (p < 0.01) proportions of cis‐9, trans‐11 18:2 and trans‐11 18:1, monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA and long‐chain FA. The saturated FA, short‐chain FA and medium‐chain FA proportions were lower (p < 0.01) in goats fed the two PBP supplemented diet than in those fed the control diet and PEG addition led to intermediate proportions of saturated FA, unsaturated and monounsaturated FA. Inclusion of PBP in the diet decreased (p < 0.01) plasma concentrations of glucose and urea nitrogen compared with the control diet. It was concluded that PBP can be used as forage in the diet of dairy goats without interfering with milk yield. Inclusion of 32% PBP in the diet of dairy goats had beneficial effects on milk FA profile but PEG addition to PBP did not contribute to enhance further milk FA profile.  相似文献