Use of a mixture of barley-based fermented grains and wheat gluten as an alternative protein source in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone)     

César Molina-Poveda  & María E Morales 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(12):1158-1165

A combination of barley‐based fermented grains (BFG) and wheat gluten (WG) meal (1:1 on a crude protein basis) was evaluated as an alternative protein‐rich ingredient (BFG–WG) in diets for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Four isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 44% protein in which protein from BFG–WG replaced 0% (A), 33% (B), 66% (C) and 100% (D) of the protein from marine animal protein (MAP: 69% shrimp head meal, 21% fish meal and 10% squid meal) in the diets. These diets were delivered twice a day for 6 weeks to shrimp (initial weight±standard error, 2.14±0.02 g). Shrimp fed diets A (control) and B showed similar weight gain at the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences among the survival rates of different dietary treatments (>96%). The amount of uneaten food was positively and significantly (r²=0.57, P<0.001) related to the level of inclusion of BFG–WG in the diets, suggesting that diet palatability was a major factor influencing shrimp growth. Diet D had the highest apparent digestibility for protein and dry matter. The inclusion of BFG–WG had a positive effect (r²=0.75, P<0.05) on carbohydrate digestibility. A significant stimulation of amylase activity and soluble protein and glycogen concentrations in the hepatopancreas also was related to the amount of BFG–WG in the diet. Feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly different among diets containing substitution levels of 0%, 33% and 66% of MAP, which could suggest that if the balance of amino acids and the palatability in the diet can be improved, replacement level of the MAP may be increased to 66% without reducing growth.  相似文献   

牛磺酸对鲫鱼蛋白质消化吸收的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

赵小锋  贾丽  周剑平 《水产养殖》2006,27(5):5-6

选用牛磺酸作为饲料添加剂,以0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的剂量将牛磺酸添加到基础饲料中,以基础饲料为对照饲喂鲫鱼(45￣52g)15d后,测定蛋白质消化吸收率。结果表明:牛磺酸可以显著提高鲫鱼对蛋白质的消化吸收率(P<0.05),其中,添加0.60%组效果最佳,比对照组提高6.65%。蛋白质消化率的提高,是牛磺酸促进鱼体生长速度加快的主要原因之一。  相似文献   

Effects of adding urea on fermentation quality of pruned persimmon branch silage and its digestibility,preference, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation in beef cattle     

Yang Cao  Yanqing Zang  Renlong Lv  Toshiyoshi Takahashi  Norio Yoshida  Huanmin Yang 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):219-226

Four cattle were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to study digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen retention and preference of ensiling pruned persimmon branch (PPB) chips treated with urea. After 60 days of ensiling, urea‐treated PPB showed higher (P < 0.05) pH, acetic acid and ammonia‐N levels than no‐urea PPB. Both urea‐treated PPB and rice straw diets showed higher (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility and digestible nutrient content in cattle than no‐urea PPB diet. Neither mold nor yeast was detected in any urea‐treated PPB. Urinary and fecal excretion as well as nitrogen retention in cattle fed urea‐treated PPB were higher (P < 0.05) than in those fed no‐urea PPB and rice straw. With the exception that ruminal ammonia‐N levels in cattle fed urea‐treated PPB were higher (P < 0.05) than in those given no‐urea PPB and rice straw, ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and the acetic : propionic acid ratio of rumen content were unaffected by diets. The rank order of preference was rice straw > low‐urea > no‐urea > high‐urea. The results suggested that urea treatment of PPB inhibited growth of mold and yeast during silage storage, enhanced its digestibility and had nutritive value almost equivalent to that of rice straw.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary water‐soaked barley on amino acid digestibility,growth performance,pork quality and Longissimus dorsi muscle fatty acid profiles in pigs     

Jian Ping Wang  In Ho Kim 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(11):942-950

Two experiments were conducted to assess the feeding value of water‐soaked barley (WB) as a replacement for dehulled barley (DB) in pigs. In experiment (Exp.) 1, eight barrows (body weight = 30.56 ± 0.78 kg) were fitted with a T‐cannula and allotted to a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design: WB10, 100g/kg WB; WB20, 200 g/kg WB; DB10, 100 g/kg DB; and DB20, 200 g/kg DB. In Exp. 2, 80 barrows (body weight = 70.56 ± 1.29 kg) were used in a 56‐day experiment: (i) WB15, 150 g/kg WB; (ii) WBD10, 100 g/kg WB and 50 g/kg DB; (iii) WBD5, 50 g/kg WB and 100 g/kg DB; and (iv) DB15, 150 g/kg DB. In Exp. 1, the apparent ileal digestibilities of total essential amino acids were higher (P < 0.05) in WB10 treatment than DB20. For Exp.2, the WB15 and WBD10 had higher pH and lower cooking loss (P < 0.05) than other two treatments. The WB15 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) the contents of palmitic acid (C16:0) in Longissimus dorsi muscle than WBD5 and DB15 treatments. In conclusion, it is suggested that water‐soaked barley improved some amino acid digestibility and the cooking loss and moderate fatty acid profiles in Longissimus dorsi muscle.  相似文献   

小麦替代玉米对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分消化率及经济效益的影响     

骆宏机 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2014,(3):26-30

本试验旨在研究在生长育肥猪日粮中添加小麦替代玉米,对猪的生长性能、养分消化率的影响,并对其经济效益进行分析,探讨适宜的替代量。试验选用平均体重为30.12±1.28kg的（杜×长×大）三元杂交猪150头,随机分成5组,每组10头×3个重复。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮;试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为小麦替代组,用小麦分别替代基础日粮中25%、50%、75%和100%的玉米,并在其中分别添加0.015%、0.020%、0.025%和0.030%的复合酶制剂（阿拉伯木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶等）。试验期67天,其中预饲期7天,正试期60天。结果表明用小麦替代适当比例的玉米对生长猪的生产性能无影响,具有一定可行性;同时在添加复合酶制剂的情况下,小麦等量替代50%的玉米养殖效果最佳。  相似文献   

纳米氧化铜和纳米铜对肉仔鸡铜表观消化率的影响     

田相迪  朱风华  孙金全  李曙明  朱连勤 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(20):6122-6124

[目的]为了研究在肉鸡饲料中添加纳米氧化铜和纳米铜对饲料中粗蛋白和微量元素铜、锌、铁、锰表观消化率的影响。[方法]选20羽20日龄AA商品肉仔鸡随机分为4组,1～4组在基础日粮中分别以硫酸铜、氧化铜、纳米氧化铜、纳米铜的形式添加铜8mg/kg,研究纳米氧化铜和纳米铜对肉仔鸡铜表观消化率的影响,试验期为9d。[结果]与硫酸铜、氧化铜相比,添加纳米氧化铜极显著提高铜的表观消化率(P<0.01),添加纳米铜显著提高铜表观消化率(P<0.05);添加纳米氧化铜能够显著提高锌、锰的表观消化率(P<0.05);添加纳米氧化铜和纳米铜对粗蛋白的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。[结论]纳米氧化铜和纳米铜的铜表观消化率极显著高于硫酸铜和氧化铜;添加纳米氧化铜可显著提高锌、锰的表观消化率。  相似文献   

Protein and lysine digestibility and protein quality of cooked Filipino rice diets and milled rice in growing rats   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Bjorn O. Eggum  Maria Isabel Z. Cabrera  Bienvenido O. Juliano 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,43(2):163-170

The protein quality of typical rice-based menu of Filipino preschool child and adult and cooked milled rice was assessed for true digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU) in growing rats. Lysine and energy digestibilities were also determined. For the preschool child diet, TD was 88.8%, BV 90.0%, and NPU 79.9%. For the adult diet, TD was 87.3%, BV 86.6%, and NPU 75.5%, whereas cooked rice had 90.0% TD, 82.5% BV and 74.3% NPU. Lysine digestibility was 95.4% for preschool child diet, 95.7% for adult diet, and 100.0% for rice. Digestible energy was 91.3% for preschool child diet, 93.0% for adult diet, and 95.3% in rice. Amino acid scores were 100.0% for preschooler diet, 92.1% for adult diet, and 62.2% for rice. Protein quality based on amino acid score corrected for TD was 88.8% for preschool child diet. 80.4% for adult diet, and 56.0% for rice. If based on lysine digestibility instead of TD, protein quality would be 7.1% higher.  相似文献   

Changes in some nutrients of fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum graecum L.) seeds during water boiling     

A. A. Abdel-Nabey  A. A. Damir 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(4):267-274

Fenugreek seeds were boiled in water for various lengths of time (5, 10 and 15 min). Changes in weight, volume, moisture content, total sugars, nitrogen compounds, minerals, phosphorus compounds, phytic acid, amino acids and the in vitro digestibility of the seeds as well as the total solids of the boiling water were determined. Data indicated that there was an increase in both weightand volume as well as the in vitro digetibility of fenugreek seeds especially after the first 5 minutes of boiling. On the other hand, a decrease in the content of total sugars, protein compounds, calcium, magnesium, phytic acid, phosphorus and amino acids was observed. The reduction was accompanied by a gradual increase in the total solids of boiling water.  相似文献   

A collaborative study of methods of protein evaluation: introductory paper     

C. E. Bodwell  K. J. Carpenter  F. E. McDonough 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(1):3-11

The USDA's collaborative study of methods of protein quality evaluation is introduced. It was intended primarily to provide a basis for the evaluation of possibly improved procedures for the labelling of foods as a source of dietary protein. In general, the usefulness of in vitro digestibility procedures has been confirmed, but problems remained for the in vitro evaluation of heat-damaged materials and of some types of pinto beans.  相似文献   

Seasonal productivity and nutritive value of temperate grasses found in semi-natural pastures in Europe: responses to cutting frequency and N supply     

L. S. Pontes  P. Carrère  D. Andueza†  F. Louault  J. F. Soussana 《Grass and Forage Science》2007,62(4):485-496

Monocultures of thirteen perennial C₃ grass species that co‐occur in temperate semi‐natural grassland communities in Europe were compared in a factorial field design of two levels of N supply and two levels of cutting frequency. Above‐ground yield of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) concentration and pepsin‐cellulase DM digestibility of herbage were measured in two successive years. Species was the largest source of variability in yield of DM and DM digestibility of herbage, while CP concentration of herbage responded more to management factors. The highest mean DM yields and values of DM digestibility of herbage were achieved in spring for Festuca arundinacea and in autumn for Phleum pratense. Poa trivialis and Festuca rubra had the lowest DM yield and DM digestibility values, respectively, regardless of seasons and treatments. For all species CP concentration in herbage increased in response to an increase in cutting frequency and N supply by an average of 46 and 34 g kg^?1 DM respectively. Differences between years and seasons indicated the importance of plant phenology on nutritional variables and the influence of environmental factors on species performance. Species ranking was compared according to their annual digestible DM and CP yields. The results show that some grasses have a nutritive value which is comparable to that of forages selected for high yields.  相似文献