二倍体野生棉与四倍体栽培棉基于GISH的遗传关系分析     

肖水平  陈宜  柯兴盛  王玉红  王春英  杨磊  刘新稳  孙亮庆  杨绍群 《棉花学报》2017,29(1):99-107

[目的]研究二倍体野生棉与四倍体栽培棉间的遗传亲缘关系,进一步探索各棉种间的起源与进化.[方法]以5个二倍体基因组的代表种B1(异常棉)、C1(斯特提棉)、E2(索马里棉)、F1(长萼棉)以及G1(比克氏棉)的基因组DNA(gDNA)为探针,以2个四倍体栽培种(陆地棉中棉所16、海岛棉新海7号)有丝分裂中期染色体为靶DNA,进行了基因组原位杂交(Genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)分析.[结果]以B1、E2和F1gDNA为探针时,杂交信号主要分布在2个栽培种较长的13对A亚组染色体上;各产生3对较强的GISH-NOR信号,其中1对分布在较长的A亚组上,2对分布在较短的D亚组上,其GISH-NOR信号强度与分布情况与以D基因组棉种为探针时相似.说明二倍体B、E、F基因组与四倍体棉A亚基因组具有较高的同源性,亲缘关系更近.这一点与它们的地理分布情况相符;而它们基因组中的45S rDNA重复序列与二倍体D基因组的45SrDNA重复序列同源性较高.C1和G1中以gDNA为探针时,杂交信号分布在2个栽培种全部26对染色体上,无法区分开A或D亚组染色体,都有3对较强的GISH-NOR信号.这一现象与D基因组拟似棉(D6) gDNA为探针的GISH相似,表明二倍体C和G基因组与四倍体棉的A和D亚基因组均具有较高的同源性,或者C和G基因组同时含有A基因组(或其他非洲棉基因组)和D基因组成分,进一步证实了其基因组成分的杂合性;而它们基因组中的45S rDNA重复序列同属D基因组类型.[结论]这些发现可为棉花杂交育种和棉属起源与演化研究提供有用信息.  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Cotton Based on Isozyme Markers     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):79-93

Summary

Phylogenetic relationships among 16 diploid species, including at least one species for each of the A, C, D, E and G genomic groups, and for the natural AD tetraploid species and one synthetic AD tetraploid species were investigated using starch gel electrophoretic techniques for isozyme detection in conjunction with multivariate analysis. The species were polymorphic for phosphoglucomutase (PGM), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH), aconitase (ACO) and isozymes, but monomorphic for phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI). Similar isozyme arrays indicated close or perhaps conspecific relationships between natural tetraploids G. hirsutum and G. lanceolatum and between G. barbadense and G. darwinii. Natural tetraploid G. mustelinum was found to be relatively distinct from the other tetraploid species. The synthetic AD tetraploid was intermediate between the natural AD tetraploid and the A and D diploid clusters. The two A genome species, G. aboreum and G. herbaceum were closely related to each other. These results supported the hypothesis that the A and D genome species, or their closely related progenitors, were the ancestors of the tetraploid species. The C₁ and E2 genome diploid species differed extensively from other diploid and tetraploid species, suggesting that they are very distantly related to the diploid and tetraploid species. These genome types would be very useful resources for germplasm introgression and improvement of the cultivated diploid and tetraploid species because of their significant genetic differences.  相似文献   

二倍体野燕麦染色体的C-带分析     

王亚  胡梅  朱良鹏  陈星灼  耿广东  张素勤  张庆勤 《种子》2016,(11):27-30

采用C-带技术对二倍体野燕麦根尖细胞染色体进行了带型分析,以研究该野燕麦染色体的C-带特点.结果表明:二倍体野燕麦具有7对染色体,其上共有35条带,其中长臂具有带纹19条,包括13条中间带(I),6条末端带(T);短臂具有8条带纹,包括2条中间带(I),6条末端带(T),另外还有l条随体带(S)以及7条着丝点带(C),其带型公式为2 n=14=2CIT+ +2 CIT+8 CI+ T+2 CI+ T+S.二倍体野燕麦染色体组成为CC,核型为2A,属于较对称核型,进化指数为7.  相似文献   

Discrimination of haploid and diploid maize kernels via multispectral imaging          下载免费PDF全文

Gerald N. De La Fuente  Jens Michael Carstensen  Michael A. Edberg  Thomas Lü bberstedt 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(1):50-60

The use of doubled haploids (DHs) in maize has become ubiquitous in maize breeding programmes as it allows breeders to go from cross to evaluation in as little as 2 years. Two important aspects of the in vivo DH system used in maize are as follows: (i) the identification of haploid progeny and (ii) doubling of the haploid genome to produce fertile inbred lines. This study is focused on the first step. Currently, identification of maize haploid progeny is performed manually using the R1‐nj seed colour marker. This is a labour‐intensive and time‐consuming process; a method for automated sorting of haploids would increase the efficiency of DH line development. In this study, six inbred lines were crossed with the maternal haploid inducer ‘RWS/RWK‐76’ and a sample of seed was sorted manually for each line. Using the VideometerLab 3 system, spectral imaging techniques were applied to discriminate between haploids and hybrids. Using DNA markers to confirm the haploid/diploid state of the tested seed, for the majority of genotypes haploid identification was possible with over 50% accuracy.  相似文献   

鲁保一号菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.f.sp.cuscuta]自然发生二倍体菌株的发现     

俞大绂  高昭远  干静娥  温庆英 《中国农业科学》1988,(4)

鲁保一号菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sace.f.sp.cuscutae]是一个自然发生的二倍体菌株。分生孢子的体积:体积大的分生孢子(二倍体)18.1±2.1×4.2±0.3μm;分生孢子的DNA含量:二倍体分生孢子7.34,单倍体分生孢子3.53,二者的比值为2∶1;侵染大豆菟丝子幼苗的致病力:二倍体孢子100%,单倍体孢子34%;对氟苯丙氨酸诱发单倍化的单倍体孢子能够融合重新合成原本的二倍体孢子。以上结果可作为鲁保一号菌是自然发生二倍体的根据。  相似文献   

二倍体马铃薯栽培品种遗传多样性的SSR标记分析     

宋晓燕  张春芝  李颖  冯爽爽  杨清  黄三文 《园艺学报》2016,43(11):2266-2276

二倍体马铃薯基因组相对简单,借助二倍体进行育种可以加速马铃薯的育种进程,因此评价二倍体马铃薯种质的遗传多样性,挖掘和有效利用优良性状显得非常必要。为了筛选多态性的SSR标记,用55对SSR引物扩增39个遗传关系相对较远的二倍体马铃薯材料。选取分布在12条染色体上的12个具有高多态性的SSR标记评价192份二倍体马铃薯栽培品种的遗传多样性,共检测到98个等位位点,其中97个为多态性位点;每对SSR引物扩增出的等位位点为6~18个,平均8.2个。用非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类,显示出所有供试材料的遗传关系:12对SSR引物可以将192份材料中的186份区分开;这192份材料被划分为11个组群,其中第一个组群包含了83.3%的材料。  相似文献   

二倍体马铃薯高效再生体系的建立   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

晁祥健  杨煜  金黎平  张煜  刘生祥  丁汉凤  屈冬玉  李广存 《园艺学报》2009,36(1):109-114

 以二倍体马铃薯抗青枯病基因型ED13、CE171和感青枯病基因型ED25的茎段为外植体，在优化植物生长调节剂配比的基础上，对不同基因型的组培再生进行了研究。结果表明：不同基因型具有不同生长调节剂配比要求。固体－液体培养基双层看护培养对于二倍体马铃薯茎段愈伤组织的诱导是有效的，尤以固体培养基中NAA 2.0 mg · L^-1 : 6-BA 2.0 mg · L^-1的配比为佳。对于ED13而言，液体培养基中以2,4-D 2.5 mg · L^-1 : KT 0.5 mg · L^-1的配比为佳，相比之下CE171则以2,4-D 1.5 mg · L^-1 : KT 1.0 mg · L^-1为最好，二者的愈伤诱导率均达100%；对于基因型ED25，只有在NAA 2.0 mg · L^-1 : 6-BA 1.0 mg · L^-1和2,4-D 1.5 mg · L^-1 : KT 1.0 mg · L^-1时才能形成较好的愈伤。ZT在愈伤组织诱导芽分化过程中具有重要作用，单独使用ZT浓度为1.0 mg · L^-1时，ED13和CE171的芽分化率均达95％以上；而ED25则只有在ZT和6-BA配合使用，配比为ZT 0.5 mg · L^-1 : 6-BA 2.5 mg · L^-1时才可获得较高的芽分化率。  相似文献   

中国鲫与日本鲫几个群体肌浆蛋白的电泳分析     

刘琳  董仕  张慧敏 《大连水产学院学报》2007,22(6):470-473

以中国二倍体和三倍体鲫Carassius(黑龙江流域鲫、九江彭泽鲫、宁河彭泽鲫、海河流域鲫、金鱼)以及日本二倍体、三倍体鲫为试验材料,应用水平式淀粉凝胶电泳法对其肌浆蛋白进行了检测分析。结果表明:在中国二倍体鲫中共检测出4种类型(BB、BC、CC和BD),其中BB为主要类型,并且4种类型均不同于日本的二倍体鲫;在中国三倍体鲫中也检测出4种类型(BBB、BBC、BCC、ABB),方正银鲫中的两种类型(BBC、BCC)均不同于九江彭泽鲫、宁河彭泽鲫、于桥水库鲫和日本三倍体鲫,九江彭泽鲫、宁河彭泽鲫以及95.1%的于桥水库鲫为BBB类型,其电泳带组成与谷口顺彦报道的日本银鲫中的Ⅱ-1型相同。  相似文献   

The physiology of triploid fish: current knowledge and comparisons with diploid fish   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Valérie Maxime 《Fish and Fisheries》2008,9(1):67-78

This paper is aimed at underlining the limited knowledge available about the physiology of triploid fishes compared with diploids. Whereas many aspects (induction, detection, growth, resistance to diseases, etc.) in the production and rearing of triploid fishes have widely been developed and described in the literature, other numerous questions of ecophysiology remain in abeyance, and the study of triploid cells physiology is still in its infancy. Triploid fishes can be considered as models worthwhile for physiological investigations not only for the economical stake in relation to the development of triploid fishes rearing, but also for the cytological and molecular features of their tissues and organs. The functional implications of these features have been poorly studied although they are potential areas of applied and/or fundamental studies.  相似文献   

The prevalence of vertebral deformities is increased with higher egg incubation temperatures and triploidy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.          下载免费PDF全文

T W K Fraser  T Hansen  M S Fleming  P G Fjelldal 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):75-89

Suboptimal egg incubation temperature is a risk factor for the development of skeletal deformities in teleosts. Triplicate diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., egg batches were incubated at 6, 8 and 10 °C up until first feeding, whereupon fish were reared on a natural temperature before examination for externally visible skeletal deformities (jaw and spine) and radiographed for vertebral deformities and morphology at the parr stage. Increasing incubation temperatures and triploidy increased the number of fish showing one or more deformed vertebrae. Triploids had significantly higher mean vertebrae cranio‐caudal length (L) and dorsal‐ventral height (H) ratio at 6 and 10 °C than diploids, but triploidy had no effect on mean vertebrae centra area. Triploids demonstrated an increase in lower jaw deformities with increased incubation temperature, whereas jaw deformities were rare in diploids. Fish incubated at 10 °C had a significantly lower mean vertebral number than fish incubated at 6 °C, and triploids had lower mean vertebral numbers than diploids. Diploid fish with 58 vertebrae had a significantly higher mean vertebral centra area than fish with 59 vertebrae, but vertebral number did not affect the mean vertebral L/H ratio. The results are discussed with respect to the welfare and production of farmed salmonids.  相似文献