石门国家森林公园不同林分秋季保健功能差异比较和综合评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱舒欣  胡菲菲  何双玉  崔杰  邱权  陈倩倩  何茜  苏艳  莫志安  李吉跃 《西北林学院学报》2021,36(2):240-249

开展不同林分保健功能的差异研究和综合评价,能为今后森林康养林的构建与管理提供科学依据。在2019年秋季（9-11月）森林康养旅游高峰期,选取广东省广州市石门国家森林公园中毛竹林、亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、枫香林、杉木林和枫香杉木混交林5种林分,并设置无林地对照组,分析人体舒适度、空气富氧度、负离子保健浓度和植物精气4个指标,采用隶属函数值对不同林分的保健功能进行综合评价。结果表明:1）5种林分的人体舒适度均处于Ⅰ级非常舒适水平,其中杉木林最佳（2.70）,无林地对照组处于Ⅱ级舒适水平。2）5种林分和无林地对照组的空气富氧度均处于Ⅱ级较高水平,其中枫香杉木混交林的O₂浓度最高（21.17%）,且5种林分的O₂浓度均高于空气中氧气的含量（20.95%）。3）5种林分的负离子保健浓度均处于Ⅲ级较适宜水平以上,其中亚热带季风常绿阔叶林的负离子浓度（7 234个·cm^-3）约为其他林分的3~5倍,处于Ⅰ级很适宜水平,无林地对照组处于Ⅳ级不适宜水平。4）5种林分的植物精气相对含量均较低（<10%）,其中亚热带季风常绿阔叶林植物精气的种类和相对含量均显著高于其他4种林分。5）根据隶属函数值大小,不同林分的综合保健功能强弱依次为亚热带季风常绿阔叶林（0.75）＞枫香杉木混交林（0.61）＞杉木林（0.57）＞枫香林（0.46）＞毛竹林（0.44）＞无林地对照组（0.00）。在秋季,5种不同林分的综合保健功能均优于无林地对照组,尤其是亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,非常适合游客进行森林康养游憩。  相似文献   

不同气调包装对鲜食冬枣保鲜效果的比较     

罗政  耿子坚  陈飞平  王玲  张惠娜  陈于陇 《广东农业科学》2021,48(3):151-159

【目的】探究自发气调包装保鲜对鲜食的冬枣(果皮转红面积超过2/3)的保鲜效果。【方法】采用两种类型自发气调包装袋MP20(20 μm)和MP30(30 m)对冬枣进行包装处理,以微孔包装的冬枣作对照,研究在两种贮藏温度下(25 ℃和0 ℃)不同包装条件下冬枣的生理活性及营养成分的变化规律。【结果】冬枣在常温(25 ℃)贮藏15 d,低温(0 ℃)贮藏90 d,与微孔包装相比,两种自发气调包装内的冬枣在室温和低温下均能降低冬枣的腐烂率20%以上,同时能抑制冬枣的呼吸强度,保持果实硬度大于1 000 g/cm~2,降低其营养物质的损耗。【结论】冬枣自发气调包装产品透气率、透视率不宜过高。MP30气调包装袋的透氧率较低,小于6 000 cm~3/m~2·d·atm,在贮藏50 d后,结合冬枣的呼吸作用调节包装内气体,形成的5% O_2浓度、1.0%～2.0% CO~2浓度,能降低冬枣的生理代谢,保鲜期比微孔包装延长30 d以上,具有较好的市场应用前景。  相似文献   

茉莉酸对马铃薯苗期低温胁迫耐性的影响     

刘计涛  王梦诗  索海翠  罗焕明  王丽  李成晨  单建伟  廖永珊  李小波 《广东农业科学》2021,48(12):129-137

[目的]研究不同茉莉酸(JA)施用浓度对马铃薯叶片活性氧(ROS)含量及其清除酶活性以及抗寒关键基因CBF表达的影响,初步确定提升马铃薯抗寒性的最适施用浓度,为马铃薯产业的发展提供一定的理论基础.[方法]以马铃薯品种费乌瑞它为研究对象,采用叶面喷施JA的方法,探究正常和低温胁迫条件下,植株叶片的活性氧含量,活性氧清除酶过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性,以及抗寒关键基因CBF的表达.[结果]随着JA浓度的增加,马铃薯苗期叶片的活性氧含量逐渐降低,低温胁迫后活性氧含量能维持在较低水平,适宜浓度范围为100～400μmol/L,以200μmol/L JA处理效果最好,ROS含量降低47.6％.JA能够提升活性氧清除酶CAT和POD活性,且随着JA浓度增加效果越显著,低温胁迫后200μmol/L JA处理分别显著提升1.30、2.53倍.正常条件下,JA处理抑制SOD活性最低达70.7％;低温胁迫条件下,JA又可能通过其他途径提升SOD活性,最高达2.11倍.外源JA能诱导CBF1-3基因的表达,而低温胁迫能促进内源JA的合成,诱导CBF1-3基因的表达,提升马铃薯的抗寒性.[结论]马铃薯苗期的抗寒性与外源施加JA的浓度具有明显的相关性,适宜的JA浓度能够促进抗寒关键基因CBF1-3的表达,显著提升CAT、POD、SOD的活性,抑制低温胁胁迫诱导的活性氧生成,提高马铃薯抗寒性.适宜施用JA浓度为100～400μmol/L,以200μmol/L效果最佳.  相似文献   

不同氧气浓度下烟草甲各虫态活性研究     

苏钟福 《现代农业科技》2021,1(1)

为了减少磷化氢等有毒化学物质在储烟害虫防治中的施用量,为生产上运用低氧技术防治烟草甲等仓贮害虫提供技术参考,本试验研究了低氧环境对烟草甲各虫态致死作用及对烟草甲各虫态历期的影响。结果表明,在气调贮存运用中,可以将垛内氧气浓度调至2%,经历杀虫阶段后可以将垛内氧气浓度回调至4%～6%,这样可以在有效抑制虫害的基础上,最大限度地保证烟叶的醇化质量。  相似文献   

纳米硒添加剂对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响     

丁小涵  王啸宇  徐铭  沈思思  郭君宁  李俊成  付晚涛 《现代农业科技》2021,(10)

在饲料中通过喷洒的方式添加液体纳米硒,测定不同浓度液体纳米硒对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响。结果表明:与投喂基础饲料的对照组相比,饲料中添加纳米硒的试验组褐牙鲆的终末体质量、特定生长率及增重率显著提高,其中10 m L/kg组增长最为显著;肝体比、脏体比及肠体比对照组与试验组无显著差异;添加纳米硒可以增强褐牙鲆的耗氧率及排氨率,耗氧率在10 m L/kg时达到最高,排氨率在20 mL/kg时达到最高。  相似文献   

Active metabolism in larval and juvenile fish: ontogenetic changes,effect of water temperature and fasting     

Konrad R. Dabrowski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1986,1(3):125-144

Oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and fish swimming speed were measured in fish induced to swim by optomotor reaction in a circular metabolism chamber. The relationship between the swimming speed and fish metabolism described by exponential equations allowed the extrapolation to the standard metabolism, i.e. at zero swimming speed. The partitioning of the catabolised protein in the energy supply was estimated based on AQ (volume of ammonia/ volume of oxygen) values. Weight specific standard metabolism, as expressed by the ammonia excretion rate, decreased by one order of magnitude in coregonids as the fish grew from 20 to 780 mg body weight. The slope of the relationship between oxygen uptake and swimming speed decreased in coregonid ontogenesis. In salmon, after 12 days of fasting 28% of energy used was derived from protein, whilst coregonid juveniles utilized mostly lipid. Active swimming in fasted juveniles of coregonid, as well as in salmon, led to the accelerated utilization of protein as a source of energy, based on AQ coefficients. In juveniles acclimated to a range of water temperatures from 14 to 26°C, the changes in standard or active metabolic rate (expressed as oxygen uptake or ammonia excretion) were described by Q₁₀ coefficients. They were generally higher for the ammonia excretion rate than for the oxygen uptake rate and for active metabolism than for standard metabolism. Utilization of protein as energy for swimming differed significantly between the species, being in general one order of magnitude higher in coregonids than in salmon. The use of protein for swimming activity tended to decrease during coregonid ontogenesis.  相似文献   

饥饿和再投喂对日本黄姑鱼代谢率和消化器官组织学的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

楼宝  SHI Hui-lai  史会来  骆季安  毛国民  辛俭  郑代明 《海洋渔业》2007,29(2):140-147

采用封闭式呼吸仪测定日本黄姑鱼(8.14±1.07 g)在饥饿和恢复投喂过程中的耗氧率;用石蜡切片法观察和分析饥饿和再投喂对日本黄姑鱼消化器官形态结构和组织学的影响。结果表明:随着饥饿时间的延长,其耗氧率逐渐降低;恢复投喂之后,其耗氧率开始逐步上升。从组织结构看,食道无明显变化,而胃、肠和肝胰脏则随着饥饿时间的延长出现不同程度的损伤;饥饿5 d组无明显变化,而饥饿15 d组变化明显,表现为胃腺细胞收缩,皱壁和上皮细胞高度减少,分泌颗粒减少,肠胃绒毛退化,肝组织致密,肝细胞内脂滴减少,胰腺泡缩小,排列不规则;饥饿10 d组介于饥饿5 d组和饥饿15 d组之间,再投喂各主要结构均有恢复。  相似文献   

利用变温促进罗非鱼生长的研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

桂远明  王志余  陈育辉  郑文辉  李凤知 《水产学报》1989,13(4):326-332

在实验室内不同温度条件(恒温28℃、30℃和周期性变温28±4℃、30±4℃)下,分四组饲养罗非鱼,测定其增重、耗氧率、并推算能量同化率和组织生长效率(K_2)。结果表明,变温组均比相应恒温组生长迅速。其中以变温28±4℃组日增重最快,增重百分率最高,其次为变温30±4℃组,恒温28℃组日增重最慢,增重百分率最低。能量同化率和组织生长效率也以变温28±4℃组最高;30±4℃组能量同化率虽较高,但组织生长效率却最低。本文对变温促进罗非鱼生长的机理和其在生产实践中的意义进行了分析与探讨。  相似文献   

Arterial oxygen tension and pulmonary ventilation in horses placed in the Anderson Sling suspension system after a period of lateral recumbency and anaesthetised with constant rate infusions of romifidine and ketamine     

I. François  F.‐X. Lalèyê  M. Micat  K. Benredouane  K. Portier 《Equine veterinary journal》2014,46(5):596-600

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Growth and physiological responses of growing pigs to wheat–corn distillers dried grains with solubles     

D. I. Ayoade  E. Kiarie  B. A. Slominski  C. M. Nyachoti 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(3):569-577

Gaining a detailed knowledge on the impact of a feedstuff on pig growth and physiological responses is critical for its effective utilization. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of distillers dried grains with solubles derived from co‐fermentation of wheat and corn (wcDDGS) on performance, carcass and visceral organ weights, whole‐body O₂ consumption and heat production (HP) in growing barrows. The experimental diets were as follows: corn–soybean meal diet (Control), Control + 15% wcDDGS and Control + 30% wcDDGS. In Exp. 1, 48 pair‐housed pigs of average BW 18.6 ± 1.5 kg (mean ± SD) were allotted to the 3 diets (n = 8). Pigs had free access to water and feed for a 28‐day period during which ADG and ADFI were calculated weekly. Thereafter, 1 pig/pen was killed to measure carcass and visceral organ weights. Overall, wcDDGS linearly decreased (p < 0.05) ADFI and ADG but had no effect on G:F (p > 0.10). The ADFI was 1.55, 1.45 and 1.36 kg/day for diets containing 0, 15 and 30% wcDDGS respectively; corresponding values for ADG were 0.79, 0.75 and 0.67 kg/day respectively. A linear decline (p = 0.01) in eviscerated hot carcass weight was observed as dietary wcDDGS increased. In Exp. 2, 18 pigs of average BW 20.4 ± 2.4 kg (mean ± SD) were individually housed in metabolism crates and fed the 3 diets (n = 6) at 550 kcal ME kg BW^?0.60day for a 16‐day period followed by measurement of O₂ consumption using an indirect calorimeter. Diet had no effect (p > 0.10) on whole‐body O₂ consumption and HP. In conclusion, increasing wcDDGS content in growing pig diets linearly reduced ADFI, ADG and eviscerated hot carcass weight but had no effect on G:F, visceral organ weights or HP.  相似文献