TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE ON THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA TOWARD GREEN DEVELOPMENT     

Gang HE  Zhaohui WANG  Jianbo SHEN  Zhenling CUI  Fusuo ZHANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2021,8(4):491-500

● Agriculture on Loess Plateau has transformed from food shortage to green development. ● Terracing and check-dams are the key engineering measures to increase crop yields. ● Agronomic measures and policy support greatly increased crop production. ● Increasing non-agricultural income is a key part of increasing farmers’ income. ● Grain for Green Program had an overwhelming advantage in protecting environment. Loess Plateau of China is a typical dryland agricultural area. Agriculture there has transformed from food shortage toward green development over the past seven decades, and has achieved world-renowned achievements. During 1950–1980, the population increased from 42 to 77 million, increasing grain production to meet food demand of rapid population growth was the greatest challenge. Engineering measures such as terracing and check-dam were the crucial strategies to increase crop production. From 1981 to 2000, most of agronomic measures played a key role in increasing crops yield, and a series of policy support has benefited millions of smallholders. As expected, these measures and policies greatly increased crop production and basically achieved food security; but, low per capita GDP (only about 620 USD in 2000) was still a big challenge. During 2001–2015, the increase in agricultural and non-agricultural income together supported the increase in farmer income to 5781 USD·yr^–1. Intensive agriculture that relies heavily on chemicals increased crop productivity by 56%. Steadfast policy support such as “Grain for Green Program” had an overwhelming advantage in protecting the natural ecological environment. In the new era, the integration of science and technology innovations, policy support and positive societal factors will be the golden key to further improve food production, protect environment, and increase smallholder income.  相似文献   

典型草原建群种长芒草(Stipa bungeana)在中国的潜在分布范围预测及主要影响因子分析     

王百竹  朱媛君  刘艳书  马风云  张晓  时忠杰  杨晓晖 《草业学报》2019,28(7):3-13

以广泛分布在中国北方典型草原的建群种长芒草为研究对象,利用Maxent模型对长芒草在中国当前及未来气候变化下的潜在分布区进行预测并对主要影响其分布的环境变量进行分析,结果表明,采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)对模型精度进行检验所得到的训练数据与测试数据的受试者工作特征曲线面积(areaunder ROC curve,AUC)分别为0.962和0.950,表明模型预测结果可靠,当前中国长芒草高适宜性分布区主要有5个,分别为黄土高原分布区、泰山-沂蒙山分布区、横断山分布区、藏南谷地分布区及天山分布区。在RCP2.6(representative concentration pathways 2.6)和RCP8.5(representative concentration pathways 8.5)两种气候情景模式下预测得到的2070年长芒草最适宜的潜在分布区有逐渐缩小的趋势。Jackknife检验对主导环境变量的筛选结果显示,影响长芒草分布的主要环境变量有地形粗糙度指数(terrain roughness index,tri)、9月降水量(precipitation 09,prec09)、气候湿度指数(climatic moisture index,topowi)、2月最高温度(maximum temperature 02,tmax02)、12月降水量(precipitation 12,prec12)和12月平均温度(average temperature 12,tavg12)。结果可为气候变化背景下中国典型草原的可持续管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

转基因植物对环境生态平衡的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王伟伟 《林业调查规划》2007,32(4):61-65

根据近年来国内外关于转基因植物的研究进展,结合维持生态平衡的3个主要因素,即物种组成、环境因素及信息系统,论述转基因植物对环境生态平衡的影响.  相似文献   

供热发展的未来展望     

尹鸿玉  蔡波涛 《林业科技情报》2006,38(2):56-57

本文分析了燃煤集中供热的优缺点,并对未来城市供热的发展趋势提出了一些独特看法。  相似文献   

森林生态旅游环境解译服务游客态度调查--以金殿国家森林公园为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵敏燕  董文渊  李蓓  苏腾伟 《林业调查规划》2006,31(2):44-47

通过实地考察、调查问卷等方法,以金殿国家森林公园为研究案例,进行游客对解译服务内心期望重要程度和实际体验满意程度调查,了解游客对解译媒体、媒体设计、解译内容等的选择倾向,分析不同性别、不同年龄、不同文化层次游客的偏好差异,并提出完善解译媒体、系统培训人员、建立教育基地等的构建对策。  相似文献   

中药药渣利用方法研究现状及高值化利用思考     

卿馨文 《现代农业科技》2024,(7)

随着中医行业发展和中医药制取技术的进步,中药渣的产生也与日俱增,现年产量已超过3500万吨。利用好中药渣资源不仅能保护环境,降低企业支出,还能创造额外的巨大经济效益。本文总结了中药渣在活性成分再提取、环境治理、作为饲料或饲料添加剂、作为有机肥料与栽培基质、作为轻工业生产原料等传统生态经济化利用现状,以及开发能源物质、膳食纤维产品、纳米纤维素类产品及复合材料等高值化利用现状,以期为中医药产业实现高质量发展提供参考。  相似文献   

黄河宁夏段水环境承载力的计算     

李淑霞  王炳亮 《农业科学研究》2007,28(2):53-55

水环境承载力是衡量河段能够容纳污水及污染物最大能力的重要指标.应用一维水质模型,计算黄河宁夏段水环境承载力,结果表明:以《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类水体标准计,黄河宁夏段化学需氧量(CODCr)的容量为562.0～716.0 t/d,氨氮(NH3-N)的容量为28.2～32.0 t/d.该计算结果为控制黄河宁夏段污染物排放总量提供了可靠依据.  相似文献   

环境基准值的科学研究与我国环境标准的修订   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21  

周启星  罗义  祝凌燕 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(1):1-5

对环境基准和环境标准在概念上进行了辨析,论述了环境基准科学研究中需要把握的几个核心问题,其中最为关键的一步是不同类型生态受体的选取,因此环境基准值应该是基于不同保护对象的多目标函数或一个范围值。鉴于我国环境标准迫切需要修订这一实际,呼吁加强环境基准的研究,尤其是要开展一次国家层面上的土壤环境基准的系统研究。  相似文献   

中国农田生态系统氮素平衡模型的建立及其应用   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7  

王激清  马文奇  江荣风  张福锁 《农业工程学报》2007,23(8):210-215

借助物质流分析中"输入=输出+盈余"的物质守恒原理,以氮素养分为介质建立中国农田生态系统氮素平衡模型,然后用2004年中国农业统计资料和文献查询获取的参数,估算中国不同地区的氮养分输入输出以及养分盈余并分析养分产生的环境效应。模型计算结果表明,2004年农田生态系统通过挥发、反硝化、植株蒸腾、淋溶径流和侵蚀等途径损失的氮为1132.8万t,盈余在农田生态系统土壤中的氮为1301.2万t;通过损失途径进入环境中的氮养分和盈余在农田生态系统中的单位面积耕地氮养分负荷高风险地区均集中在中国的东南沿海和部分中部地区。优化化学氮肥用量,有机氮肥与化学氮肥配合施用是降低农田生态系统氮养分污染潜势的最基本措施,针对中国不同地区因地制宜地制定合理种植结构和推广农田精准化施肥也是十分必要的。  相似文献   

Strategies for Improving the Overall Environmental Quality of Rivers Based on “Renovation and Restoration” Concept: A Case Study of Landscape Planning of Linjiang River,Yongchuan District,Chongqing City     

DONG Lili  ZHAO Kangdi  YU Wenwen 《Journal of Landscape Research》2020,(1):14-22,26

The concept of "renovation and restoration" marks the transformation from urban and rural planning and construction to intensive development mode and to quality improvement stage.The environmental imbalance problem of emphasizing development and neglecting ecology in the past has become the focus of the current urban quality improvement stage.Rivers are related to the origin,development and evolution of cities,affect the layout,transportation and environment of cities,and bear the culture,economy and characteristics of cities.Taking the Linjing River of Yongchuan in Chongqing as an example and taking the concept of "renovation and restoration" as the guidance of the design of the overall environmental quality improvement of the river,this study analyzed and summarized the problems to be solved in the improvement of the environmental quality of the river based on the four river environmental impact factors of water pollution,water resource supply and demand,ecological environment and shore water waterfront type and the strategies of optimizing the aquatic environment management,constructing the ecological landscape pattern,shaping the regional cultural landscape and combining the economic development along the river were put forward in order to improve the overall environmental quality of Linjiang River and provide reference for relevant planning and design.  相似文献