铜的来源和水平对生长猪生长性能禾粪铜排出量的影响     

郑春田蒋宗勇  林映才邹书通 余德谦 《中国畜牧杂志》2007,43(13):24-27

选用平均体重29．6kg的三元杂（杜×大×长）生长猪144头，按随机区组设计分为6个处理。饲粮中分别添加0、100、200mg／kg硫酸铜、200mg／kg碱式氯化铜、100mg／kg小肽铜、100mg／kg复合氨基酸螯合铜（以铜含量计）。结果表明：100mg／kg小肽铜和100mg／kg复合氨基酸螯合铜均能有效提高生长猪日增重和日采食量，其促生长效果与200mg／kg硫酸铜无显著（P〉0．05）差异，而粪中铜含量分别下降了36．8％和48．4％（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

The effect of exogenous purine supply on the endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in the urine of growing lambs     

Tsutomu FUJIHARA  Martin N. SHEM  Tohru MATSUI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):582-586

An experiment was made to determine the absorption of purine metabolites in dietary nucleic acids through the digestive tract, and also to determine the utilization of nucleic acids absorbed in the body, using growing lambs. Two pairs of 120‐ and 180‐day‐old twin female lambs with a bodyweight of 18.2–19.0 kg were kept in metabolism crates and fed on purine‐free milk replacement (MR) with supplements of exogenous purine (purine base or purine nucleoside) at a level of 0.2 mmol/BW^0.75/d for 5 consecutive days, and thereafter they were maintained in the crates for 4 days. The daily amount of exogenous purine supply was calculated based on the urinary excreted purine derivatives (PD) in lambs fed on milk replacement alone. A urine sample was collected daily for 9 consecutive days, and the urinary excretion of PD was determined daily. Urinary PD excretion opened to increase within 24 h after the dose of purine bases, and the level was recovered on 3 days after ceasing the exogenous purine supply. The recovery of PD in the urine was about 70% of the purine supplement. When purine nucleosides were added to the feed, urinary PD excretion was initiated within 24 h after dosing, and the values were recovered after ending the purine nucleoside supply. The recovery rate of PD in the urine was only 30% of the supplemented purine. The plasma allantoin levels were almost similar after feeding purine bases and purine nucleosides, and the values were mostly in the range (40–60 µmol/L). These findings indicate that an exogenous purine can be directly incorporated into the body, and the purine as nucleoside is more effectively utilized for the synthesis of nucleic acids than as a purine base in the body of growing lambs.  相似文献   

低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对生长猪生长性能和氮素减排的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董殿元 《养猪》2015,(1)

试验旨在研究饲喂低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对生长猪生长性能和氮排泄量的影响,采用单因子完全随机设计,将144头平均体重30 kg左右的杜长大三元杂种生长母猪分成3组,每组设6个重复,每个重复8头猪,对照组饲喂实测粗蛋白质含量为18.10%的普通饲粮,试验1组、试验2组分别饲喂实测粗蛋白质含量为16.08%和14.12%的氨基酸平衡饲粮。试验期37 d,前7 d为预试期,正试期30 d。结果显示,3组日采食量、日增重、料重比指标均没有显著差异(P0.05),而日氮素总排泄量试验1组、试验2组分别比对照组减少18.69%、38.68%,3组之间差异均显著(P0.05),且试验1组、试验2组猪每增重1 kg所需要的饲料成本分别较对照组节省0.11和0.23元。综合考虑,生长猪饲喂低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮,可以作为实现养殖效益与环保双赢的主要技术措施予以推广。  相似文献   

纳米硒添加剂对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响     

丁小涵  王啸宇  徐铭  沈思思  郭君宁  李俊成  付晚涛 《现代农业科技》2021,(10)

在饲料中通过喷洒的方式添加液体纳米硒,测定不同浓度液体纳米硒对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响。结果表明:与投喂基础饲料的对照组相比,饲料中添加纳米硒的试验组褐牙鲆的终末体质量、特定生长率及增重率显著提高,其中10 m L/kg组增长最为显著;肝体比、脏体比及肠体比对照组与试验组无显著差异;添加纳米硒可以增强褐牙鲆的耗氧率及排氨率,耗氧率在10 m L/kg时达到最高,排氨率在20 mL/kg时达到最高。  相似文献   

Active metabolism in larval and juvenile fish: ontogenetic changes,effect of water temperature and fasting     

Konrad R. Dabrowski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1986,1(3):125-144

Oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and fish swimming speed were measured in fish induced to swim by optomotor reaction in a circular metabolism chamber. The relationship between the swimming speed and fish metabolism described by exponential equations allowed the extrapolation to the standard metabolism, i.e. at zero swimming speed. The partitioning of the catabolised protein in the energy supply was estimated based on AQ (volume of ammonia/ volume of oxygen) values. Weight specific standard metabolism, as expressed by the ammonia excretion rate, decreased by one order of magnitude in coregonids as the fish grew from 20 to 780 mg body weight. The slope of the relationship between oxygen uptake and swimming speed decreased in coregonid ontogenesis. In salmon, after 12 days of fasting 28% of energy used was derived from protein, whilst coregonid juveniles utilized mostly lipid. Active swimming in fasted juveniles of coregonid, as well as in salmon, led to the accelerated utilization of protein as a source of energy, based on AQ coefficients. In juveniles acclimated to a range of water temperatures from 14 to 26°C, the changes in standard or active metabolic rate (expressed as oxygen uptake or ammonia excretion) were described by Q₁₀ coefficients. They were generally higher for the ammonia excretion rate than for the oxygen uptake rate and for active metabolism than for standard metabolism. Utilization of protein as energy for swimming differed significantly between the species, being in general one order of magnitude higher in coregonids than in salmon. The use of protein for swimming activity tended to decrease during coregonid ontogenesis.  相似文献   

Rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L.     

Zdzisław Zakęś  Krystyna Demska-zakęś  Krzysztof Kata 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(3):277-288

The impact of feeding, fish size (body weight from 18.5 to 56.5 g) and water temperature (20 and 23 °C) on oxygen consumption (OC, mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg^–1 h^–1) was studied in Eurasian perch held in recirculation systems. OC for both fed and feed-deprived (3 days) fish was higher at 23 °C (278.5 and 150.1 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) than at 20 °C (249.3 and 135.0 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1; P < 0.01). AEs for both fed and feed-deprived fish were also significantly higher at 23 °C than at 20 °C (P < 0.001). Water temperature and fish size had a significant impact on the oxygen:feed ratio (OFR, kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1) and ammonia:feed ratio (AFR, kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1; P < 0.001). Their average values at temperatures of 20 and 23 °C were 0.17 and 0.19 kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1 and 0.009 and 0.011 kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1, respectively.  相似文献   

山东省牛主要污染物产生量估算及环境效应研究     

张淑二  侯世忠  战汪涛  吴杰 《中国牛业科学》2014,(5):29-34

[目的]估算了山东省牛粪便的总量及其养分的负荷量和占当年排泄污染物的比例。[方法]根据2010年山东省和各地市牛存栏的行业和统计局两套数据和2012年行业数据,通过计算参数和估算的方法算出了牛粪产生总量。[结果]全省牛粪总共约在7000~9700万 t 之间,占当年所有畜禽粪便产生量的34.07%~37.37%之间,即三分之一以上。德州、济南两市单是牛粪便的土地承载量分别达到了29.7 t/hm2和27.4 t/hm2,接近了欧洲标准30 t/hm2的限量值。[结论]应该引起我们对全省牛业发展方式和发展战略的高度重视。  相似文献   

Estradiol-17β-induced calcium uptake and resorption in juvenile rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss     

Petra Persson  Kristina Sundell  Björn Th Björnsson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(5):379-386

Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were injected with estradiol-17β (E₂) in order to study the source of extra calcium needed during vitellogenesis. E₂-treatment increased the calcium uptake from the external medium as well as calcium mobilization from muscle and scale. Judged by the increase in plasma protein-bound calcium levels, the E₂-induced increase in calcium uptake is an apparent over-mobilization of calcium, i.e., the calcium uptake of the fish is in excess of what is found bound to plasma proteins. As the calcium excretion and calcium space (calculated from free plasma calcium levels) were unaffected, the excess calcium is suggested to be incorporated into internal calcium stores. This implies that the systems regulating vitellogenesis and calcium balance are integrated on the mechanistic or endocrine level, and that E₂ causes calcium mobilization of a magnitude geared to the needs of the sexually maturing female.  相似文献   

改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略     

刘建新  李珊珊  张彬  刘红云 《动物营养学报》2014,26(10)

氮磷在奶牛生长、发育和生产过程中发挥着重要作用,但在实际生产中,饲粮氮磷含量往往过高,而奶牛对于氮磷的利用效率普遍偏低,这不仅会造成饲料资源的浪费,而且加重了氮磷的排放,导致严重的环境污染.合理减少饲粮氮磷含量、提高奶牛机体对氮磷的利用效率具有重要的现实意义.因此,本文主要从影响氮磷利用效率的因素,以及改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略2个方面进行了综述,以期为提高奶牛氮磷利用效率,减少氮磷向环境的排放,提高奶牛场经济和生态效益提供理论依据.  相似文献   

Effects of supplemental palygorskite instead of zinc oxide on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility and fecal zinc excretion in weaned piglets     

Jun M. Zhang 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(4):435-439

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of palygorskite instead of zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and zinc contents in serum and feces in weaned piglets. One hundred and sixty‐five piglets (28 days of age, 7.10 ± 0.86 kg) were allotted to five treatments on the basis of weight and sex. Each treatment included three replicates of 11 piglets. The piglets were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg (control group), 1800 mg/kg, 2400 mg/kg, or 3000 mg/kg palygorskite or 2500 mg/kg ZnO for 28 days. There was no significant difference for incidence of diarrhea among the four treatments during the 0–14‐day feeding period. Compared with the control group, piglets offered diets supplemented with 1800 mg/kg palygorskite had higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and crude protein digestibility. Fecal digestibility of energy in 1800 mg/kg palygorskite and ZnO groups were higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. Both the zinc concentrations in serum and fecal zinc excretion in palygorskite groups and control group were all lower (P < 0.05) than that in the ZnO group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1800 mg/kg palygorskite can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility and can also decrease zinc excretion in feces in weaned piglets.  相似文献