VALIDATION OF DECONVOLUTIONAL ANALYSIS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF HEPATIC FUNCTION IN DOGS WITH TOXIC-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE     

Gregory B.  Daniel  DVM  MS  Robert  Denovo  DVM  MS A. Eric  Schultze  DVM  PHD  Dorothy  Schmidt  BS  Gary T.  Smith  MD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1998,39(4):375-383

The extraction of the hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical ^99mTc-mebrofenin ( Choletec ) by the liver can be used to evaluate the severity of hepatocellular disease. The hepatic parenchymal cells extract mebrofenin from the blood by the same active transport mechanism as bilirubin. The ability of the liver to extract ^99mTc-membrofenin is a measure of hepatic parenchymal cell function. In this study, we induced hepatocellular disease by administration of a hepatotoxic drug and compared a direct method of determining the hepatic extraction of ^99mTc-membrofenin to hepatic extraction fraction derived from deconvolutional analysis. We also compared both methods of calculating the hepatic extraction of ^99mTc-membrofenin to liver histopathology. Hepatic extraction fraction derived from deconvolutional analysis correlated very well to the direct measurement technique (R=0.922, p<0.001). Both methods of determining hepatic extraction correlated well to quantitative histopathology, having the same correlation coefficient and p values. (R=-0.833, p=0.003). As the hepatic extraction ^99mTc-membrofenin decreased, the severity of the histopathologic lesions of the liver increased in a linear fashion. There was a significant correlation of the hepatic excretion T_1/2 to quantititative histopathology (R=0.949, p<0.001). The hepatic excretion T_1/2 increased as the severity of the histopathologic lesions of the liver increased. Hepatic extraction (HEF) and excretion of ^99mTc-membrofenin are good predictors of the severity of hepatocellular damage in toxic induced liver disease. This study helps validate the premise that HEF derived from deconvolutional analysis ois a good predictor of the actual first pass hepatic extraction of ^99mTc-membrofenin.  相似文献   

盐酸环丙沙星在子宫内膜炎奶牛乳腺排泄的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陶金忠  杨国林  赵兴绪  李剑勇  李世宏 《动物医学进展》2008,29(2):6-9

通过子宫内灌注盐酸环丙沙星,采用内标法以反相高效液相色谱法测定了4头患子宫内膜炎的奶牛乳汁中盐酸环丙沙星的药物浓度。研究表明,在奶牛给药后0 h~24 h,血药浓度大于乳药浓度,在24 h后,乳药浓度大于血药浓度。在48 h内盐酸环丙沙星的乳药浓度值均高于MIC值,所以仍具有抑菌作用,这对乳房炎的治疗具有重要意义。  相似文献   

低排泄氮量的鹌鹑改良选育     

李永洙  佐藤胜纪 《畜牧兽医学报》2008,39(12)

选用日本鹌鹑N、B（Normal、Brown）品系和杂种群（BN）,共进行8个世代（6～20周龄）的选育试验,各品系采用单因子试验设计,在CP18％日粮条件下分选育组、非选育组以及对照组（CP24％）,N、B基础群中选留15种家系,以采食量为主选性状,以产蛋率和排泄氮量为辅选性状作为选育指标进行试验。结果表明：随着世代数的增加选育组和对照组的适应力均有显著升高（P〈0．05）,N品系的各世代遗传改进量为0．26;另外,世代间产蛋率有增高的倾向,选育组平均累积产蛋率与非选育组较显著升高（P〈0．05）,特别是选育组各世代遗传改良极为显著（P-〈0．01）。各世代间采食量无显著差异,同世代各品系间选育组N、B采食量均高于非选育组,但显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。选育组排泄氮量和血清中尿酸含量在改良2世代后明显低于非选育组和对照组（P〈O．05）,排泄氮量分别降低7％～15％。综上所述,通过选育N、B新品系,能够改善产蛋性能,且显著降低排泄氮量,在BN杂种群中效果更明显。  相似文献   

Adaptations of amphibious fish for surviving life out of water   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Martin D J Sayer 《Fish and Fisheries》2005,6(3):186-211

There are a small number of fish species, both marine and freshwater, that exhibit a truly amphibious habit that includes periods of aerial exposure. The duration of emersion is reflected in the level of physical and physiological adaptation to an amphibious lifestyle. Fish that are only briefly out of water retain predominantly aquatic attributes whereas there are semi‐terrestrial species that are highly adapted to prolonged periods in the aerial habitat. Desiccation is the main stressor for amphibious fish and it cannot be prevented by physiological means. Instead, amphibious fish resist excessive water loss by means of cutaneous modification and behavioural response. The more terrestrially adapted fish species can tolerate considerable water loss and may employ evaporation to aid thermoregulation. The amphibious habit is limited to fish species that can respire aerially. Aerial respiration is usually achieved through modification to existing aquatic pathways. Freshwater air‐breathers may respire via the skin or gills but some also have specialized branchial diverticula. Marine species utilize a range of adaptations that may include modified gills, specialized buccopharyngeal epithelia, the intestine and the skin. Areas of enhanced respiratory activity are typified by increased vascularization that permits enhanced perfusion during aerial exposure. As with other adaptations the mode of nitrogenous elimination is related to the typical durations of emersion experienced by the fish. Intertidal species exposed on a regular cycle, and which may retain some contact with water, tend to remain ammoniotelic while reducing excretion rates in order to prevent excessive water loss. Amphibious fish that inhabit environments where emersion is less predictable than the intertidal, can store nitrogen during the state of emersion with some conversion to ureotelism or have been shown to tolerate high ammonia levels in the blood. Finally, the more amphibious fish are more adapted to moving on land and seeing in air. Structural modifications to the pectoral, pelvic, dorsal and anal fins, combined with a well‐developed musculature permit effective support and movement on land. For vision in air, there is a general trend for fish to possess close‐set, moveable, protruberant eyes set high on the head with various physical adaptations to the structure of the eye to allow for accurate vision in both air and water.  相似文献   

不同规格及不同盐度下毛蚶稚贝耗氧率和排氨率的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈伟良  尤仲杰  施祥元 《海洋水产研究》2008,29(2):53-56

研究了毛蚶稚贝不同规格及不同盐度下的呼吸和排氨率。结果表明,耗氧率随着盐度的升高而升高,当盐度达到30后开始下降。排氨率也表现出相似的规律,在盐度27后开始下降。同时,O∶N值也随着盐度的升高而升高,在盐度30后开始下降。而中等规格(2·41±0·20mm)稚贝的耗氧率和排氨率要高于其余两种规格稚贝,使得规格和耗氧率及排氨率并不形成完全的负相关。  相似文献   

The Effect of Replacing Inorganic With Organic Trace Minerals in Broiler Diets on Productive Performance and Mineral Excretion     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(4):592-597

In an experiment with 2,040 Ross 308 broiler chickens, the effect of substituting inorganic with organic minerals in broiler feed on performance was determined. The experiment comprised 2 dietary treatments, with 6 replicates of 170 mixed-sex broiler chickens per pen replicate. Experimental diets consisted of a control treatment, formulated with inorganic Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu sulfates at levels of 70, 37, 45, and 12 ppm, respectively, and an organic mineral diet supplemented with lower levels of Mn, Zn, Fe (all 10 ppm), and Cu (2.5 ppm) supplied as peptide chelates (Bioplex). Production performance was measured during the 39-d trial period, and mineral excretion was evaluated at 26 d of age. In the starter period (0 to 14 d), FCR tended to improve (P = 0.06) in broilers fed the organic mineral diet. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the productive performance parameters measured during the trial. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) excretion rates were recorded for all minerals in fecal samples taken from broilers receiving the organic mineral diet. Fecal levels of Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu were 46, 63, 73, and 55%, respectively, compared to the controls.  相似文献   

Influence of purified dietary fibre on bacterial protein synthesis in the large intestine of pigs, as measured by the gas production technique   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Bindelle  A. Buldgen  D. Michaux  J. Wavreille  J.P. Destain  P. Leterme 《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):232

Microbial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates in the pig's large intestine induces a shift of N excretion from urea in urine to bacterial protein in faeces. Experiments were carried out to measure the mineral N incorporation by the pig intestinal microflora using 5 purified carbohydrates in a gas-test: starch (S), cellulose (C), inulin (I), pectin (P) and xylan (X). Fermentation kinetics was modelled. N source in the buffer solution was replaced by ¹⁵N labelled NH₄Cl. The bacterial N fixation was determined at mid-fermentation, measuring ¹⁵N incorporation into the solid phase of the buffer. The bacterial N fixation was higher (P < 0.001) with I and S (19.9 and 18.1 mg N/g incubated DM), compared to P, C and X (8.7, 5.9 and 5.5 respectively). Inulin and S were fermented also more rapidly, even if I (0.081 h^− 1) and C (0.074 h^− 1) showed lower half time fractional rate of degradation than S (0.153 h^− 1), P (0.133 h^− 1) and X (0.104 h^− 1). The insoluble dietary fibre content of the substrates was negatively correlated to bacterial N fixation (r = − 0.957, P = 0.011). The high crude protein content of P (32.5 mg g^− 1DM) might explain the lower impact of this substrate on bacterial N fixation, despite its rapid fermentation. Beside the proportion of insoluble fibre, the N content and the rate of fermentation seem to be the major factors influencing bacterial protein synthesis. Further studies including ingredients with variable content of indigestible protein and mean retention time in the pig's intestines are necessary.  相似文献   

Listeriosis in sheep. Listeria monocytogenes excretion and immunological state in sheep in flocks with clinical listeriosis.     

Hallstein Grnstl 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1979,20(3):417-428

The excretion of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in the faeces and milk, and humoral immunity against Lm, were examined in a sheep flock with outbreaks of listeric encephalitis and in a flock with outbreaks of listeric abortion. The encephalitis flock consisted of 86 ewes and 20 hoggs, the abortion flock of 45 ewes and 3 hoggs, all of them pregnant. Faecal excretion rate in the encephalitis flock varied from about 25 % in the first part of the indoor season to nearly zero 1 month later, to about 30 % 1 month before lambing and about 15 % at lambing. About 15 % of the animals also excreted Lm in the milk. Lm 4 was the dominating serotype.In the abortion flock about 2/3 of the animals excreted Lm in the faeces and 1/3 in the milk at lambing. All the isolates belonged to serotype 1, which also was isolated from grass silage and strawbedding samples.In the encephalitis flock ewes with ≥ 3 foetuses had a higher excretion rate than the remainder, while no such differences were found in the abortion flock.Antibody titres against Lm in sera and whey in the encephalitis flock were of the same order as in the healthy flock described in an earlier publication (Grønstøl 1979), except that the highest titres were found in the hoggs. Serum titres from the abortion flock after lambing were significantly higher than in the encephalitis flock, while whey titres were of the same order.Treatment with 2-mercapto-ethanol reduced the titres substantially in sera from the abortion flock, indicating that the antibodies belonged to the IgM-fraction, while only a slight reduction was seen after similar treatment of the whey.  相似文献   

4种海鞘排泄的初步研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

张继红  方建光  董双林 《海洋水产研究》2000,21(1):31-36

在实验室内对柄海鞘、玻璃海鞘、中国瘤海鞘和史氏菊海鞘的排氨率进行了研究,同时探讨了温度和体重与排氨率的关系。结果表明,温度和体重对海鞘的排氨率有显著的影响。酚海鞘和玻璃海鞘的排氨率与温度呈倒钟形曲线变化趋势,排氨率的最高峰分别出现在２３℃和１８℃。柄海鞘和中国瘤海鞘的单位个体排氨率与体重的关系呈幂函数变化趋势,２３℃时的回归方程分别为：ＱＮ＝５２．６７Ｗ＾０．６６７（Ｒ＾２＝０９８０７）;ＱＮ＝１  相似文献   

植酸酶对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡生产性能及主要营养素存留的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王润莲  贾汝敏  韩玉柱  冯春霞 《中国家禽》2000,22(7):15-17

在分别含非植酸磷为０．３７％,０．３７％,０．２７％和０．１７％的四种（ＣＬ,Ｔ１,Ｔ２和Ｔ３）等钙（３．７５％）蛋鸡（２５￣３５周龄）日粮中,Ｔ１,Ｔ２和Ｔ３均添加５００Ｕ／ｋｇ植酸酶。结果,主要营养素（干物质、氮、灰分、钙、磷）的存留率显著提高。当非植酸磷水平降到０．１７％时,不影响产蛋量和蛋品质。  相似文献