Fecundity of the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi on its native host Eleginops maclovinus captured near salmon farms in southern Chile     

M Teresa González  Carlos Molinet  Bárbara Arenas  Gladys Asencio  Juan Carvajal 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(6):853-860

The sea louse (Caligus rogercresseyi) is the most significant parasitic pathogen in Chilean salmon farms, and it infects farmed salmon and native host fish. Fecundity is one of the most important parameters for understanding the population dynamics of a species; however, this information is scarce for this parasite. The fecundity of C. rogercresseyi females collected from native hosts (Eleginops maclovinus) captured near salmon farms in southern Chile was measured to evaluate the reproductive output of this parasite on this host fish. From June 2008 to May 2009, 212 specimens of E. maclovinus were examined. Each fish was measured, and all its parasites were collected, sorted and counted. Seventy‐nine ovigerous C. rogercresseyi females (OFs) were measured. Total body length, egg string length and total number of eggs per string were recorded for each parasite. Ovigerous females body length varied between 3.9 and 5.0 mm. Fecundity varied between 12 and 56 eggs string^?1, and it was correlated with OF body length. Temporal variations in OF fecundity were explained by co‐variation in OF body length, but not by month. Ovigerous females on E. maclovinus were smaller and showed lower fecundity than OFs on farmed salmon. Our results suggest that native hosts play a secondary role in C. rogercresseyi egg production in Codigue bay.  相似文献   

苜蓿叶象啮小蜂寿命及产卵量的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱晓锋  赵莉刘倩 《昆虫天敌》2008,30(1):83-85

在室内通过对苜蓿叶象啮小蜂Tetrastichus incertus(Ratzeburg)寿命、产卵量的研究发现,苜蓿叶象啮小蜂有较高的产卵量和寄生能力;在不喂食的条件下,苜蓿叶象啮小蜂产卵量最高,单头雌蜂的产卵范围为45粒~209粒,平均117粒,最高日产卵量为31粒;其寿命可达18d,最多可寄生37头寄主;苜蓿叶象啮小蜂与寄主在1:5的情况下寄生率达56.00%,并随着寄主密度的增大,苜蓿叶象啮小蜂的产卵量也有逐渐升高的趋势。  相似文献   

Comparing Immature Development and Life History Traits in Two Coexisting Host-Feeding Parasitoids,Diglyphus isaea and Neochrysocharis formosa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Yi-bo  LU Shu-long  LIU Wan-xue  WANG Wen-xia  WANG Wei  WAN Fang-hao 《农业科学学报》2014,13(12):2690-2700

Coexisting natural enemies that share a common host resource in the same guild usually exhibit variation in their life history traits, due to their need to share a similar ecological niche. In this study, we compared the immature development times and adult life history traits of two coexisting, host-feeding parasitoids, Diglyphus isaea Walker and Neochrysocharis formosa Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), of which both attack larvae of the same agromyzid leafminers. These two species are both synovigenic, idiobiont parasitoids, whose adults consume host fluids (“host feeding”) and lay anhydropic eggs. Of the two, D. isaea has a larger body but little or no initial egg load, and engages in similar lifetime host-feeding events. However, it achieves higher fecundity, longer adult longevity, and higher host suppression ability than N. formosa, which has a smaller body and higher initial egg load. Although D. isaea engages in similar lifetime host-feeding events with N. formosa, all of its gains in life history traits per host-feeding event of D. isaea were larger than those of N. formosa. The age-specific fecundity and host mortality curves of N. formosa were more skewed in early life than those of D. isaea. In addition, the ovigeny index of N. formosa was negatively correlated to body size. Our results confirmed that two coexisting parasitoids, which share the same host resource, show different immature development patterns and life history traits, suggesting that different resource allocation mode could be a general rule of coexisting species sharing the same habitat or host.  相似文献   

噻虫嗪对白背飞虱试验种群繁殖力的亚致死效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨航  杨洪  金道超  戴仁怀  周操 《植物保护学报》2017,44(3):509-514

为探究噻虫嗪对白背飞虱的亚致死效应,采用稻茎浸渍法以噻虫嗪亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(25)胁迫白背飞虱3龄若虫,测定了F_0代和F_1代若虫的存活率、雌成虫寿命和产卵量,并组建了F_1代种群相对适合度生命表。结果表明,经噻虫嗪亚致死浓度胁迫后,F_0代白背飞虱若虫的发育历期延长,存活率降低,并且LC_(10)处理组的F_0代雌成虫寿命比对照组显著延长,而成虫产卵量无显著变化;F_1代的若虫发育历期比对照组显著延长,且产卵量有所减少,LC_(10)处理组雌成虫产卵量比对照组减少了22.24,LC_(25)处理组比对照组减少了69.96,且差异显著;LC_(10)和LC_(25)亚致死浓度处理后F_1代的种群增长趋势指数均下降,种群相对适合度分别下降了0.12和0.36。研究表明,噻虫嗪亚致死浓度胁迫均可抑制白背飞虱的种群增长。  相似文献   

不同性比对井上蛀果斑螟成虫寿命及生殖力的影响     

何超  沈登荣  尹立红  袁盛勇  田学军 《植物保护》2017,43(5):62-66

井上蛀果斑螟Assara inouei是云南石榴上最为重要的蛀果害虫,为明确不同性比对该虫成虫寿命及生殖力的影响,在温度(25±1)℃、光周期L∥D=15h∥9h,RH 70%±10%条件下,分别设置1∶4、1∶3、1∶2、1∶1、2∶1、3∶1和4∶1(♀∶♂)共7种雌雄性比处理,研究了性比对井上蛀果斑螟雌雄成虫寿命、产卵前期、产卵期、产卵量和子代卵孵化率等主要生物学参数的影响。结果表明:雌雄性比为2∶1时的产卵期、雌雄成虫寿命均显著长于其余性比,产卵前期短于除3∶1外的其余性比;性比为1∶2时产卵高峰单雌日产卵量显著大于其余性比;性比为1∶3时平均单雌产卵量显著大于其余性比,卵的孵化率显著大于除1∶2外的其余性比。无论在偏雄或偏雌性比条件下,随着雄虫或雌虫比例的增大,产卵前期均先减小后逐渐增大,产卵期均先增大后逐渐减小,平均单雌产卵量均先逐渐增大后减小。偏雄性比条件下子代卵的孵化率高于偏雌条件下。性比对井上蛀果斑螟成虫寿命及生殖力有显著影响,性比偏高或偏低均不利于井上蛀果斑螟种群的生殖。  相似文献   

剑毛帕厉螨与黔下盾螨种间相残的研究     

王梓清  刘杨曦  陈宏  范青海  罗佳 《中国农业科学》2010,43(4):862-867

【目的】研究食用菌害虫2种天敌剑毛帕厉螨(Stratiolaelaps scimitus)和黔下盾螨(Hyposipis chianensis)的种间相残特性,为开展两者的协调应用提供理论依据。【方法】在有或无自然猎物(腐食酪螨Tyrophagus putrescentiae)条件下,观察2种捕食螨不同螨态间的相残程度及相残后若螨的发育和雌成螨的产卵量。【结果】有自然猎物腐食酪螨时,2种螨较少发生相残。无自然猎物时,2种螨发生相残,相残程度与捕食者螨态和猎物螨态密切相关,但黔下盾螨若螨不捕食剑毛帕厉螨幼螨。捕食黔下盾螨卵或幼螨的剑毛帕厉螨若螨80%和100%发育到成螨,若螨期分别为7.88d和7.30d;捕食剑毛帕厉螨卵的黔下盾螨若螨仅有30%发育至成螨;缺乏自然猎物时,2种捕食螨相残后雌成螨的产卵量均显著低于存在腐食酪螨时的产卵量,一种捕食螨仅通过捕食另一种捕食螨,无法维持种群正常增长速度。【结论】剑毛帕厉螨与黔下盾螨不适合作为相互的猎物,存在其它更为适合的猎物时,不优先选择相残,在害虫密度较大的条件下可以同时应用。  相似文献   

安庆地区野生鲫鱼的个体生殖力研究     

程玮玮 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(13):6727-6728,6734

[目的]研究安庆地区野生鲫鱼的个体生殖力及其与各体征指标的关系。[方法]以从安庆集市采购的野生鲫鱼为试材,对个体生殖力及各体征指标进行了测定。[结果]个体绝对生殖力波动于20280～96136粒。体长相对生殖力和绝对生殖力都与体长、体重、性腺重呈直线相关,与成熟系数呈指数函数相关。体重相对生殖力与体长、体重的相关性不明显,与成熟系数呈幂函数相关。[结论]个体生殖力与体长、体重有很高的相关性。  相似文献   

Eleven years of integrated weed management: long‐term impacts of row spacing and harvest weed seed destruction on Lolium rigidum control          下载免费PDF全文

C P D Borger  G Riethmuller  M D'Antuono 《Weed Research》2016,56(5):359-366

Long‐term research aimed to determine whether narrow row spacing and harvest weed seed destruction, in combination with herbicide use, would be sufficient to drive a Lolium rigidum population to extinction. A trial was run from 1987 to 2013, with treatments including crop row spacings of 9, 18, 27 or 36 cm and crop residue burning or retention. Herbicides were applied to reflect regional practices. The initial trial design was randomised, but treatments were maintained in each plot over the following years. Lolium rigidum seed production at harvest was assessed from 2003 to 2013. Average crop yield was higher in the unburnt plots (1638 kg ha^?1) than the burnt plots (1530 kg ha^?1) and greater at narrow row spacing, with an average yield of 1658, 1637, 1548 and 1492 kg ha^?1 in the 9‐, 18‐, 27‐ and 36‐cm spacings. Lolium rigidum seed at harvest was reduced in the burnt plots (57 seeds m^?2) compared with the unburnt plots (297 seeds m^?2) and was reduced at narrow row spacing, with an average of 58, 78, 223 and 333 seeds m^?2 in the 9‐, 18‐, 27‐ and 36‐cm row spacings. By 2013, L. rigidum seed production was reduced to an average of 0 seeds m^?2 in the narrow row spacing, burnt plots.  相似文献   

Post‐spray effects of an aerial application of fenitrothion on the pine beauty moth,Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiffermüller)     

Simon R. Leather 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):123-126

Abstract

Panolis flammea that had survived an aerial spraying programme of fenitrothion were compared in a series of laboratory experiments with moths that had not been within the sprayed area, to assess the effects of sub‐lethal spray application on various life history parameters. Emergence success was not significantly different between the two treatments and the sex ratio in both cases approximated 1:1. The bionomics of moths surviving in the sprayed plots were different in several respects from those taken from unsprayed plots. The former emerged from pupae later, had lower levels of fecundity and a longer pre‐oviposition period. Females from sprayed plots were also heavierthan males and their weight was positively correlated with fecundity, whereas neither of those traits were shown by unsprayed moths. A number of other bionomic traits were not significantly different in sprayed or unsprayed groups. Analysis of the population growth rates of P. flammea from areas of the forest where control was either ineffective or effective, revealed no significant differences. The implications of these results for the population dynamics of P. flammea are discussed.  相似文献   

不同营养源对细点扁股小蜂寿命和产卵量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周亚奎  甘炳春  杨新全  黄良明  卢丽兰 《植物保护》2013,39(1):77-79

采用单管饲养法,研究了不同营养源对细点扁股小蜂成虫寿命和产卵量的影响.结果表明:葡萄糖、蔗糖、蜂蜜饲养的雌蜂和雄蜂寿命差异显著(P＜0.05),而花粉、清水和对照饲养的雌蜂和雄蜂寿命差异不显著;补充蜂蜜、葡萄糖、蔗糖等营养均能显著延长细点扁股小蜂的寿命,与补充花粉、清水处理相比,平均寿命延长了3～9倍;20％蜂蜜饲养效果显著高于其他浓度,雌蜂寿命达到(35.2±1.1)d,较无饲喂处理寿命延长14倍以上;产卵量方面,10％和15％葡萄糖饲养效果显著高于其他浓度,雌蜂产卵量分别达到(67.5±3.4)粒和(65.6±2.7)粒,是清水饲喂处理的10倍以上.该研究结果可以为细点扁股小蜂的大量繁殖提供参考.  相似文献