混合蚜虫斑块对食蚜瘿蚊繁殖力的影响     

方美娟  罗智心  何晓庆  刘冬  宋凯  张恒  赵颖  王玉波 《中国生物防治学报》2021,37(4):716-724

食蚜瘿蚊是多种蚜虫的捕食性天敌。深入研究影响该虫繁殖力的关键性因子有助于改进规模化饲养以及提高该虫在生物防治中的应用效果。本文选用玉米蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和麦长管蚜作为寄主昆虫，通过设置猎物蚜虫斑块的3种混合方式（单一种群、两种或三种均匀混合种群），以及每种混合方式下的4个密度梯度（总虫量6～48头/株），研究混合蚜虫斑块对食蚜瘿蚊终身产卵量的影响。结果表明：无论是在单一猎物斑块，还是在两种或三种混合猎物斑块上，食蚜瘿蚊的终身产卵量均随着蚜虫密度的增加而增加，且4个猎物密度处理之间呈极显著差异。其中，猎物斑块密度为24～48头/株时，所得终身产卵量最高。在相同猎物密度条件下，食蚜瘿蚊在单一猎物斑块上的终身产卵量最低，而在三种混合猎物斑块上的产卵量最高，呈现出“三种混合>两种混合>单一种群”猎物斑块的趋势。由此可见，食蚜瘿蚊的终身产卵量受到猎物斑块密度和斑块内蚜虫种群混合方式的双重影响；较高的猎物斑块密度和混合猎物斑块中较多的蚜虫种类，均有利于食蚜瘿蚊产下较多数量的卵。  相似文献   

Egg size and its relationship with fecundity,newborn length and female size in Cuban poeciliid fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)     

José L. Ponce de León  Rodet Rodríguez  Martín Acosta  Mari C. Uribe 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(2):243-250

Abstract – This study describes the relationship between egg size (ES) and brood size (BS), newborn length (NL) and female total length (FTL) in ten species of Cuban poeciliids. Variability and the level of association among variables are analysed and comparisons of ES among species established. Egg size has the lowest variability among the analysed variables and in most species is not correlated with BS, when the effect of FTL is controlled. Cuban poeciliids, thought to be primarily lecithotrophic, can be separated in two groups according to ES, NL and BS relative to FTL. One such group inhabits mountain streams and produces large eggs and small broods. The other group is distributed in lowland wetlands and produces small eggs and large broods. In Cuban poeciliids, ES and NL are highly correlated, which suggests adaptive value for ES.  相似文献   

红彩瑞猎蝽微胶囊人工饲料饲养效果评价          下载免费PDF全文

郭义  肖俊健  夏长剑  李敦松  邓海滨 《植物保护》2024,50(1):159-164

为开展红彩瑞猎蝽的人工规模化繁育, 研制了一种以自然猎物血淋巴为主, 烟草汁液为辅的微胶囊人工饲料, 并对其性状和饲养效果进行了评价, 以面包虫饲养的猎蝽作对照。结果表明, 人工饲料微胶囊成品率73.17%, 含水率92.35%, 综合感官评定86.8分。取食微胶囊的红彩瑞猎蝽若虫发育历期均显著长于对照, 若虫的存活率、体重均显著低于对照, 随龄期的增长与对照差异的显著性逐渐减小;处理组成虫获得率16.7%, 对照68.9%;成虫产卵前期显著长于对照, 但产卵量和卵孵化率无显著差异。猎物斜纹夜蛾幼虫密度为8头/皿时, 微胶囊饲养的红彩瑞猎蝽的捕食量显著低于对照, 但在较低猎物密度时无显著差异。此种人工饲料能基本满足红彩瑞猎蝽的生长发育, 可在一定程度上替代面包虫。  相似文献   

茶园间作功能植物对茶小绿叶蝉的调控作用     

陈李林  陈平  王优  马旭  林金科  赵紫华 《植物保护学报》2019,46(5):989-996

为研究间作功能植物对茶园主要害虫茶小绿叶蝉的影响,于2017—2018年在福建省泉州市安溪县茶园间作白三叶Trifolium repens L.、金花菜Medicago hispida Gaertn.、金盏菊Calendula officinalis L.,以自然留养杂草茶园为对照,用网捕法采集茶小绿叶蝉并于室内计数,镜检剥查法调查其茶梢着卵量。结果表明,在4种不同生境管理茶园网捕茶小绿叶蝉总个体数及每月个体数均无显著差异;茶小绿叶蝉个体数分别在2017年8月与2018年6月达到高峰。茶梢各节间着卵量不同,主要产卵在顶芽之下第2～5节间,以第4节着卵量最多。间作金盏菊茶园茶小绿叶蝉在茶梢第1节着卵量显著高于间作白三叶和金花菜茶园。不同生境管理茶园茶小绿叶蝉在茶梢第4节着卵量从大到小依次为间作金盏菊(8.13)、间作金花菜(7.50)、自然留养杂草(7.17)和间作白三叶茶园(6.57)。不同时间段4种不同生境管理茶园茶小绿叶蝉在茶梢各节之间的着卵量存在差异,且均在9月上中旬着卵量达到高峰。在茶园间作功能植物,短期内未见其显著降低茶小绿叶蝉网捕量和茶梢着卵量的效应。  相似文献   

不同绵羊群体BMP15基因多态性检测及序列分析     

任立坤  刘月琴  张英杰  杨少华  王红娜  董李学 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2012,(7):36-38

为了检测在小尾寒羊、无角陶赛特羊及陶×寒F1、F2代中骨形态发生蛋白15(BMP15)基因的单核苷酸多态性,试验采用PCR-RFLP、PCR-SSCP方法进行检测。结果表明:在小尾寒羊、无角陶赛特、陶×寒F1和F2代群体中均未检测到BMP15基因,编码序列第718位碱基处发生了FecXG(B2)突变,与贝尔克莱绵羊和剑桥绵羊相同,说明BMP15 B2突变在这4个绵羊群体中的自然发生率非常低。  相似文献   

Effect of hybridization on reproductive performance of Oreochromis karongae,Oreochromis shiranus and Oreochromis mossambicus     

Elysee Nzohabonayo  Julius Manyala  Jeremiah Kang&#x;ombe  Daud Kassam 《Aquaculture Research》2021,52(1):302-308

The study assessed the effect of hybridization on reproductive performance of Oreochromis karongae, Oreochromis shiranus and Oreochromis mossambicus for a period of 120 days. Number of eggs per batch, number of females spawned, relative fecundity, egg size, hatching period, hatchability and hatchling survival were assessed. The results revealed higher number of eggs per batch and relative fecundity in the crosses where O. shiranus and O. mossambicus were females than female O. karongae. The results also revealed that egg size, hatching period, hatchability and hatchling survival were species specific. Significant differences were noted for number of eggs and larvae produced by the three species (p < .05). Interspecific and pure crosses for the same female species did not differ significantly for the number of eggs per batch, relative fecundity, egg size, hatching period, hatchability and hatchling survival. However, number of female spawned was found to be higher in the interspecific crosses of female O. karongae than in pure cross of O. karongae. Findings from this study suggest that hybridization can be used to improve reproductive performance of O. karongae as the females spawned increased, and it is a value addition in aquaculture management of indigenous species.  相似文献   

不同碳氮比培养基质组合对赤子爱胜蚓生长繁殖的影响     

刘婷  任宗玲  陈旭飞  张池  戴军 《华南农业大学学报》2012,33(3):321-325

在实验室条件下,以不同配比的牛粪和稻秆作为培养基质,研究了赤子爱胜蚓Eisenia foetida在不同碳氮比培养基条件下生物量以及数量变化情况.结果表明:100%牛粪(碳氮比为21.8)和80%牛粪+20%稻秆组合(碳氮比为24.9)堆置30、60、90 d后的蚯蚓生物量显著高于其他处理;60%牛粪+40%稻秆组合(碳氮比为28.7)堆置60和90 d后蚯蚓总数量最多,显著高于其他处理,在第90天达到324条;另外,培养基质的碳氮比与蚯蚓的生物量和数量均呈显著负相关关系(P<0.001).由此可知,碳氮比在21.8～24.9之间的牛粪和稻秆基质组合适宜蚯蚓生长,碳氮比为28.7的牛粪和稻秆基质组合适宜蚯蚓繁殖.  相似文献   

交配持续时间对茄28星瓢虫生殖适应性的影响     

周康念  张爵龙  邓礼  孙计拓  刘兴平* 《江西植保》2012,(1):40-44

茄28星瓢虫(Henosepilachna vigintloctopunctata Fabricius)的我国茄科植物上的重要的害虫种类.本文以此虫为材料,研究了该虫的交配起始时间与交配持续时间,以及不同的交配持续时间其产卵量和孵化率的影响.结果表明,该虫的交配起始时间和交配持续时间变化幅度较大,平均分别为(36.61±3.24) min和(49.87±1.06) min,且两者间并不存在明显的相关性.雌虫的产卵量和卵的孵化率与交配持续时间之间呈明显的正相关,表明延长交配时间与雌虫贮存的精子数量相适应.同时,结果还表明,该种类至少需要10 min以上的交配才能导致卵的孵化.  相似文献   

安徽白山羊、波尔山羊GDF9和BMP15基因的RFLP分析     

程箫  任春环  张子军  刘洪瑜  郭晓飞  黄桠锋  陈家宏  凌英会 《安徽农业大学学报》2012,39(3):352-355

以绵羊高繁殖性能主效基因,生长分化因子9(growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)和骨形态发生蛋白15(bone morphogenetic protein 15,BMP15)基因为候选基因,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测其在安徽白山羊、波尔山羊中的多态性。结果表明,均未能检测至GDF9基因的G8突变(C→T)及BMP15基因的B4突变(G→T)。这2个山羊群体中均为野生型,由此表明这2个候选基因检测位点在安徽白山羊、波尔山羊中没有多态性。  相似文献   

The potential of middle eastern flora as a source of new safe bio-acaricides to control<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tetranychus cinnabarinus</Emphasis>, the carmine spider mite     

F.?Mansour  H.?AzaizehEmail author  B.?Saad  Y.?Tadmor  F.?Abo-Moch  O.?Said 《Phytoparasitica》2004,32(1):66-72

Twenty-nine plant extracts of local species were evaluated for their potential as a source of bioactive ingredients with significant acaricidal activity that could lead to the development of new and safe bio-acaricides. The crude extracts (70% ethanol) of these plants were tested for their acaricidal activity against the carmine spider miteTetranychus cinnabarinus in a bioassay under controlled conditions. Mortality, repellency, and the number of eggs laid were measured. Extracts fromEucalyptus camaldulensis andInula viscosa caused more than 25% mortality. Sixteen plant extracts showed significant repellency compared with the control. The six best extracts, resulting in more than 75% repellency, were fromAllium sativum, Capparis spinosa, Cupressus sempervirens, Lupinus pilosus, Rhus coriaria andTamarix aphylla. Extracts from 16 plants were found to cause a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid compared with the control. The greatest reduction was achieved by extracts fromC. spinosa, Cyperus rotundus, E. camaldulensis, L. pilosus, Punica granatum, R. coriaria andT. aphylla. A relatively negative fit was found between the mean number of repelled mites and the number of eggs laid (r=−0.65), which might indicate that most repelled mites were unable to lay eggs before leaving the leaf discs of the bioassay. Our results show that several plant extracts have good potential for acaricidal activity and are worth further investigation. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 16, 2003.  相似文献