超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼粉中喹噁啉类药物及其主要代谢物的残留量     

江永远  王强  李来好  王旭峰  赵东豪  蔡楠  关婉琪 《南方水产科学》2019,(3):14-21

文章建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鱼粉中5种喹噁啉类药物及其2种主要代谢物残留量的方法。样品经乙腈-乙酸乙酯(1∶1,V∶V)和1 mol·L^–1盐酸分步提取,盐酸提取液进一步用乙酸乙酯反萃取,有机相经浓缩后,均用乙腈复溶,用PRiME HLB通过性固相萃取柱净化处理。样品以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,经Phenomenex Kinetex C18柱梯度洗脱分离,质谱采取正离子多反应监测模式进行检测。代谢物采用内标法定量,原药采用基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,7种化合物在对应的浓度范围内线性关系良好(R≥0.994),2种代谢产物检测限为2μg·kg–1,定量限为5μg·kg^–1;5种喹噁啉类药物检测限为1~10μg·kg^–1;定量限为2~20μg·kg^–1。在高、中、低3种添加浓度下7种化合物的平均回收率为64.4%~102.2%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~10.2%。方法灵敏度高、精密度好,能同时测定鱼粉中的喹噁啉类药物及其主要代谢物。  相似文献   

磷肥有机替代、秸秆还田对棉花养分吸收和磷肥利用效率的影响          下载免费PDF全文

黄伟  王西和  贾宏涛  杨金钰  屈小慧  刘盈锐  刘晓菊 《农业资源与环境学报》2024,41(2):333-343

为探究磷肥有机替代、秸秆还田对棉花养分吸收、磷肥利用效率及棉花产量的影响,本研究基于国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站5年田间微区棉花连作定位试验,以7种施肥措施为样本,于2022年棉花成熟期开展棉田土壤田间调查研究。结果表明,磷肥有机替代和秸秆还田均能提升棉株氮磷钾养分吸收,各器官氮素平均含量在1.75～40.90 g·kg^-1之间,磷素平均含量在1.46～11.28 g·kg^-1之间,钾素平均含量在3.11～25.03 g·kg^-1之间。综合肥料投入和养分吸收,50%的磷肥有机替代和秸秆还田最能增强棉株吸氮能力和促进干物质积累,50%的磷肥有机替代对棉株吸磷能力最强且最有利于实现棉花节肥增钾的效果。棉株各器官N:P变化范围为1.20～12.01,磷肥有机替代和秸秆还田使茎、叶、蕾/铃/壳的N∶P明显降低,棉株生物量、籽棉产量随茎、叶、蕾/铃/壳N∶P的降低而增加,本试验棉花生长更倾向于受N、P共同限制。磷肥利用率随有机替代量的增加从12.54%提升到33.04%,土壤磷素盈余量随有机替代量的增加从28.20 kg·hm<...  相似文献   

难溶性钾矿开发产品替代氯化钾下水稻钾素吸收特征     

杨曾平  聂军  廖育林  谢坚  鲁艳红  周兴  黄科延 《中国农学通报》2018,34(5):12-18

在南方稻区通过两季定位试验研究难溶性钾矿开发产品（钾矿）——颗粒硅钙钾肥（颗粒肥）和多元素微孔矿物肥（微孔肥）完全替代氯化钾对水稻产量、经济效益以及钾素吸收利用的影响。通过施用不同量的颗粒硅钙钾肥和多元素微孔矿物肥与施用氯化钾和不施钾对比,分析难溶性钾矿开发产品对水稻产量、经济效益以及钾素吸收的影响。施氯化钾和钾矿使晚稻增产377.2~715.0 kg/hm2,增收568~1616元/hm2,钾矿完全替代氯化钾（100%颗粒肥处理除外）可提高晚稻产投比。施氯化钾和100%钾矿使早稻增产383.1~1339.6 kg/hm2,增收584~3107元/hm2,施50%钾矿处理使早稻减产16.5 kg/hm2和122.9 kg/hm2,钾矿完全替代氯化钾降低早稻产投比。施氯化钾和钾矿可提高水稻的吸钾总量,钾矿完全替代氯化钾降低水稻吸钾总量。钾矿完全替代氯化钾可提高水稻钾素利用率。钾矿完全替代氯化钾能满足晚稻生长需要,而不能够满足早稻生长需求,对早稻的种植应考虑增加钾矿施用量或者与氯化钾的配合施用。  相似文献   

Mapping of Hd-6-2 for Heading Date Using Two Secondary Segregation Populations in Rice     

Zhang Hua  Liu Xu  Yang Yongyi  Xuan Ning  Yao Fangyin 《水稻科学》2018,25(3):161-168

Heading date is one of the most important traits for rice adaption to different cultivation areas and crop seasons. In this study, two single segment substitution lines(SSSLs), W31-41-61-3-11-3-6-7(W31-SSSL) and W32-59-80-2-11-1-10(W32-SSSL) with substituted intervals derived from the donor parents IR66897 B(W31) and IR66167-27-5-1-6(W32), respectively, with Huajingxian 74(HTX74) were found to comprise a gene for extremely late-heading date, and the gene was tentatively designated as Hd-6-2. Two secondary F2 segregating populations were developed by crossing the two heterozygous SSSLs with HJX74 to map Hd-6-2 gene. According to phenotype analysis of the two mapping populations, the late heading date trait was controlled by a major recessive gene. In the segregation population derived from W31-SSSL, Hd-6-2 was mapped on chromosome 6 between PSM677 and RM204 with the genetic distances of 1.3 and 2.7 c M, respectively. In the population of W32-SSSL, the gene for heading date was mapped to the similar region as Hd-6-2 and co-segregated with PSM672. The sequence alignment of Hd3 a in the coding domains and promoter regions of HJX74 and W31-SSSL are completely consistent, whereas there was a great difference between W32-SSSL and HJX74, suggesting that Hd3 a could hardly be the main cause of the heading date variation in W31-SSSL, but it was probably the main reason for the change of heading stage in W32-SSSL.  相似文献   

Fillet Quality and Processing Attributes of Postsmolt Atlantic Salmon,Salmo salar,Fed a Fishmeal‐free Diet and a Fishmeal‐based Diet in Recirculation Aquaculture Systems          下载免费PDF全文

John Davidson  P. Brett Kenney  Frederic T. Barrows  Christopher Good  Steven T. Summerfelt 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(1):183-196

Many studies have evaluated the adequacy of alternate ingredient diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, mainly with focus on fish performance and health; however, comprehensive analysis of fillet quality is lacking, particularly for salmon fed these diets in recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS). To this end, a study was conducted comparing fillet quality and processing attributes of postsmolt Atlantic salmon fed a fishmeal‐free diet (FMF) versus a standard fishmeal‐based diet, in replicate RAS. Mean weight of Atlantic salmon fed both diets was 1.72 kg following the 6‐mo trial and survival was >99%. Diet did not affect (P > 0.05) processing and fillet yields, whole‐body proximate composition(fat, moisture, protein), fillet proximate composition, cook yield, fillet texture, color, or omega‐3 fatty acid fillet content, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels. Whole‐body ash content was greater in salmon fed the FMF diet. The FMF diet resulted in a wild fish‐in to farmed fish‐out ratio of 0:1 per Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch criteria due to its fishmeal‐free status and use of lipids from fishery byproduct. Overall, fillet quality and processing attributes were generally unaffected when feeding a diet devoid of fishmeal to postsmolt Atlantic salmon cultured in RAS. [Correction added on 7 September 2017, after first online publication: the P value in Abstract has been changed from “P < 0.05” to “P > 0.05”.].  相似文献   

Fishmeal replacement by soybean,rapeseed and cottonseed meals in hybrid sturgeon Acipenser baerii ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂          下载免费PDF全文

H.‐B. Jiang  L.‐Q. Chen  J.‐G. Qin 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(4):1369-1377

A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RM) and cottonseed meal (CSM) on growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile hybrid sturgeon Acipenser baerii ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂ (initial body weight, 8.63 ± 0.24 g). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated as follows: a control diet (FM60) containing 600 g/kg FM and four other diets (FM45, FM30, FM15 and FM0 containing 450, 300, 150 and 0 g/kg FM, respectively) where protein from FM was substituted by a mixture of SBM, RM and CSM. Fish fed FM0 and FM15 had poorer growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, lipid and gross energy, and fed FM0 had poorer hepatosomatic index and survival compared with the fish fed FM60. The whole body lipid in fish fed FM0 was significantly higher than that in fish fed FM60 and FM15. This study indicates that 300 g/kg of FM can be replaced with a mixture of SBM, RM and CSM in the diet of juvenile hybrid sturgeon without compromising growth performance, feed utilization and body composition.  相似文献   

Functional roles of root plasticity and its contribution to water uptake and dry matter production of CSSLs with the genetic background of KDML105 under soil moisture fluctuation     

Stella Owusu-Nketia  Jonaliza Lanceras Siangliw  Meechai Siangliw  Theerayut Toojinda  Apichart Vanavichit  Noppon Ratsameejanphen 《Plant Production Science》2018,21(3):266-277

Soil moisture fluctuation (SMF) stress due to erratic rainfall in rainfed lowland (RFL) rice ecosystems negatively affect production. Under such condition, root plasticity is one of the key traits that play important roles for plant adaptation. This study aimed to evaluate root plasticity expression and its functional roles in water uptake, dry matter production and yield under SMF using three chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with major genetic background of KDML105 and a common substituted segment in chromosome 8. The CSSLs showed greater shoot dry matter production than KDML105 under SMF, which was attributed to the maintenance of stomatal conductance resulting in higher grain yield. The root system development based on total root length of the CSSLs were significantly higher than that of KDML105 due to the promoted production of nodal and lateral roots. These results implied that the common substituted segments in chromosome 8 of the 3 CSSLs may be responsible for the expression of their root plasticity under SMF and contributed to the increase in water uptake and consequently dry matter production and yield. These CSSLs could be used as a good source of genetic material for drought resistance breeding programs targeting rainfed lowland condition with fluctuating soil moisture environments and for further genetic studies to elucidate mechanisms underlying root plasticity.  相似文献   

盐胁迫对小麦代换系光合性状的影响及染色体效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

靖姣姣  路斌  杜欢  张颖  白志英  李存东 《麦类作物学报》2016,36(9):1147-1152

为了选育小麦耐盐基因型,以中国春-Synthetic 6x小麦染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,设置对照(0mmol·L~(-1) NaCl)和盐胁迫(150mmol·L~(-1) NaCl)2个处理,通过测定不同处理条件下代换系幼苗比叶重、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量及光合速率的变化,探讨盐胁迫对小麦代换系幼苗光合性状的影响,并对其调控相关特性的基因进行染色体定位。结果表明,盐胁迫导致多数小麦代换系叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、比叶重、光合速率降低;盐胁迫条件下,Synthetic 6x的2D染色体上可能存在诱导比叶重升高的基因,1A、5A、7A、2B、3B、5B、6B和6D染色体上可能存在诱导叶绿素含量增加的基因,1A、4A、7A和5B染色体上可能存在诱导类胡萝卜素含量增加的基因,1A和7D染色体上可能存在诱导幼苗光合速率增强的基因,即Synthetic 6x的1A染色体上可能存在调控光合特性的关键基因。  相似文献   

水稻-油菜轮作模式下秸秆还田替代钾肥的效应   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李继福  薛欣欣  李小坤  任涛  邹家龙  陈华东  丛日环  周鹂  鲁剑巍 《植物营养与肥料学报》2016,22(2):317-325

【目的】研究稻-油轮作条件下秸秆还田配施钾肥对水稻和冬油菜产量、 地上部钾素累积量、 钾肥利用率以及土壤钾素含量的影响,明确长期秸秆还田替代钾肥的效果,为秸秆还田下稻-油轮作中钾肥的合理施用提供科学依据。【方法】2011~2014年在湖北省粮油主产区-江汉平原选择土壤供钾能力较高的农田,布置水稻-冬油菜轮作定位试验。试验共设7个处理,分别为: 1)CK(-K); 2)+K; 3)+S; 4)S+1/4K; 5)S+1/2K; 6)S+3/4K和7)S+K。其中K和S分别表示钾肥和还田秸秆,K2O用量为90 kg/hm2。【结果】 1)与不施钾(-K)相比,施用钾肥和秸秆还田均不同程度地增加了水稻和冬油菜年均产量和钾素吸收量,尤以秸秆还田配施钾肥处理(S+K)的水稻和冬油菜产量和地上部钾素吸收量最高,与对照(-K)相比增产率分别为12.8%和19.1%; 地上部钾素(K2O)累积吸收量增幅分别达到35.7%和79.3%。2)在当前推荐钾肥用量条件下,秸秆还田对水稻和冬油菜的钾肥吸收利用率没有显著影响,但均使两种作物的钾素吸收利用率显著降低。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田后水稻季的钾肥与钾素农学利用率明显降低,而冬油菜季则分别显著提高与持平; 秸秆还田后,水稻季的钾素农学利用率显著降低,而冬油菜季则持平。3)通过对秸秆还田条件下钾肥用量与增产率、 地上部吸钾量增幅的相关分析得出秸秆还田后当前的推荐钾肥用量偏高。根据肥效模型并结合实际产量和农田钾素养分平衡拟合得出,水稻和冬油菜的年均适宜钾肥用量分别为52.0和61.9 kg/hm2,比推荐用量可分别减少42.2%和31.2%。【结论】在土壤钾素含量较高的情况下,稻-油轮作区开展连续秸秆还田不仅能够降低钾肥投入量,获得较高的粮油经济产量,还可以提高土壤有效钾含量并维持农田系统养分平衡以及秸秆钾素资源的良性循环。  相似文献   

Detection of additive and additive×environment interaction effects of QTLs for yield‐component traits of rice using single‐segment substitution lines (SSSLs)          下载免费PDF全文

Fangming Zhao  Haitao Zhu  Ruizhen Zeng  Guiquan Zhang  Shizhong Xu 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(4):452-458

Additive effects (A) and additive‐by‐environment interactions (A×E) for five rice yield components were analysed using 20 SSSLs under mixed linear model methodology. Thirty‐one QTLs were detected. Different yield components have different QTL‐by‐environment (Q×E) interaction patterns. No A×E interaction effects were detected for the four QTLs for panicle number (PN). Four QTLs detected for spikelets per panicle (SPP) had A×E interactions. Five of seven QTLs detected for grains per panicle (GPP), two of 10 QTLs detected for 1000‐grains weight (GWT) and three of six QTLs detected for seed set ratio (SSR) showed significant A×E interaction. Most of these QTLs were distributed in clusters across the genome. The complexity of linkage and pleiotropy of these QTLs plus environmental effect may result in the diversity of the yield phenotype in the SSSLs. Only S19 exhibited a significant increase in yield with a predicted gain by 281.58 kg ha^?1. The results may be useful to design a better breeding strategy that takes advantage of QTL‐by‐environment interaction effects in each of the SSSLs.  相似文献