Relative abundance and activity of melanized hyphae in different soil ecosystems     

Annemieke van der Wal  Jaap Bloem  Wietse de Boer 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(2):417-419

Here we report on the frequency of melanized fungal hyphae in 323 soils, covering different land use types. The proportion of total hyphae that was melanized averaged 61%. Arable fields with loamy sand, heathlands and city parks on sandy soils had the highest percentage of melanized hyphae. In addition to the frequency determinations, a microcosm study was performed on the role of melanized hyphae in two different ecosystems: an ex-arable field and a forest. Melanized hyphae appeared to be part of the active hyphae in the forest soil but not in the ex-arable soil. In conclusion, our results indicate that (1) melanized hyphae represent a large proportion of the total fungal biomass in soils and that (2) their function might differ between ecosystems.  相似文献   

In vitro susceptibility patterns of Aspergillus and Fusarium species isolated from equine ulcerative keratomycosis cases in the midwestern and southern United States with inclusion of the new antifungal agent voriconazole     

Jacqueline W. Pearce  Elizabeth A. Giuliano  Cecil P. Moore 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(5):318-324

Objective  To evaluate and compare the in vitro susceptibility of Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. isolated from horses with ulcerative keratomycosis, address regional differences in equine keratomycosis isolates, and provide susceptibility data to update prior studies.
Animal studied  Fourteen horses with ulcerative keratomycosis.
Procedures  Banked fungal isolates from equine corneal ulcers (eight Aspergillus spp. and six Fusarium spp.) were identified at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. In vitro minimum inhibitory concentration and susceptibility to natamycin, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole were determined for each isolate.
Results  Fungi were significantly more susceptible to voriconazole than to natamycin, itraconazole, fluconazole, and ketoconazole, but miconazole susceptibility did not differ significantly from voriconazole. Aspergillus spp. were most susceptible to voriconazole, miconazole, and itraconazole, which were significantly better to fluconazole and ketoconazole. Fusarium spp. susceptibility was greatest to natamycin and voriconazole and lowest to itraconazole and ketoconazole. Fusarium spp. were significantly less susceptible to itraconazole and ketoconazole compared to natamycin. No significant differences in susceptibility were found when isolates from Florida were compared with isolates from other states.
Conclusions and clinical relevance  Based on in vitro evidence, voriconazole appears to be the most effective antifungal for initial treatment of equine keratomycosis in the midwestern and southern United States. Results are comparable with previous studies in that isolated fungi from equine keratomycosis cases showed consistently poor susceptibility to fluconazole. Organisms isolated in different geographic locations of the midwestern and southern United States appeared to have similar patterns of antifungal susceptibility.  相似文献   

ISSR标记技术在植物病原真菌研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐玉梅刘小妹  王建明 《中国农学通报》2011,27(9):358-361

本文对ISSR在植物病原真菌研究中的应用现状进行综述。在植物病原真菌研究中,ISSR主要应用在遗传多样性研究,种间及种内关系及病菌检测,种群遗传分化以及在抗病基因标记及定位中的应用等方面。ISSR技术具操作简单、重复性、多态性丰富和耗资少等优点,并且能鉴定到病原真菌小种,这将使其在新物种鉴定、病菌检测、遗传分化等研究中发挥积极作用,也会被越来越多地应用在更多领域中。  相似文献   

贵州花江峡谷木豆主要真菌病害调查     

练启仙  桑维钧  杨茂发  李小霞 《贵州农业科学》2009,37(7)

为了解真菌病害在木豆上的发生情况,采用实地调查、随机抽样调查并结合访问调查方法对贵州花江峡谷地区木豆主要真菌病害进行了研究.结果表明.木豆白粉病(Oidium sp.)、木豆褐斑病(Alternaria sp.)、木豆灰霉病(Botrytissp.)、木豆斑点病(Phyllosticta sp.)和木豆根腐病(Fusarium oxysporum)是木豆上发生的主要真菌病害,并对5种病害的发病症状和病原进行了描述.  相似文献   

芝芪菌质对日本沼虾生产性能和机体免疫的影响     

霍光明  张李阳  茆建强  陈玉胜  饶玉鹏  阮鸣 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(31)

[目的]探讨芝芪菌质对日本沼虾生产性能和机体免疫的影响。[方法]将日本沼虾随机分成2组,每组3个平行,每个平行约45尾,一组为对照组,另一组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加500 mg/kg芝芪菌质,饲养35 d后测定日本沼虾生长情况和血清溶菌酶、肝胰脏中碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性及肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶活性。[结果]与对照组相比,添加芝芪菌质的试验组日本沼虾的血清溶菌酶、肝胰脏碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶以及超氧化物歧化酶活性明显增高。[结论]饲喂适量的芝芪菌质能促进日本沼虾的生长和免疫力提高。  相似文献   

广西甘蔗主要真菌病害调查初报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韦金菊  邓展云  黄诚华  黄伟华  颜梅新  刘海斌  唐红琴 《南方农业学报》2012,43(9):1316-1319

[目的]明确广西蔗区主要真菌病害的发生情况和种类,为甘蔗病害综合防治提供科学依据.[方法]2009~2011年采用随机踏查、种植户随访、资料查询和定点调查等方法对广西蔗区甘蔗真菌病害种类及发生程度进行调查,并采集病害样本,通过病原分离培养鉴定等方法确定真菌病害的种类.[结果]共采集和鉴定出13种主要真菌病害,分别为:黑穗病、凤梨病、梢腐病、锈病、叶焦病、赤腐病、轮斑病、褐条病、褐斑病、虎斑病、白疹病、眼点病、黄点病,其中发生严重并对甘蔗品质和产量影响最大的病害有黑穗病、锈病、梢腐病和凤梨病.[结论]黑穗病仍然是对甘蔗危害最严重的病害,生产中急需选育高抗且综合性状优良的甘蔗品种以替代现有的感病品种.  相似文献   

芝芪菌质水提物抗抑郁作用研究     

陆明鸣  陆潭  张雪明  张李阳  陈玉胜 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(18):10818-10819

[目的]探讨通过“固体双向发酵”工程技术生产的药性茵质的抗忧郁功效。[方法]将雄性ICR小鼠随机分为5组,即阴性对照组（0．9％生理盐水）、阳性对照组（市售盐酸氟西汀）、高剂量组（690：0rtig／kg）、中荆量组（345．0mg／kg）和低剂量组（172．5mg／kg）,在灌胃给予受试物15d后对各组小鼠进行开场试验（OFT）、悬尾试验（脚）和强迫游泳试验（耐）,探讨芝芪茵质对小鼠行为学酌影响。[结果]中剂量组芝芪茵质和阳性对照组能显著缩1、ST和FST小鼠悬尾和游泳不动时间;对小鼠开场行为无显著影响。[结论]芝芪菌质水提物具有一定的抗抑郁作用。  相似文献   

Biological diversity of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-3) in a northern potato-cultivation environment in Finland     

M. J. Lehtonen  P. Ahvenniemi  P. S. Wilson  M. German-Kinnari  J. P. T. Valkonen 《Plant pathology》2008,57(1):141-151

A total of 119 isolates of Rhizoctonia were collected from stem canker lesions, stolon and root lesions, hymenia on stems, or from black scurf on tubers of potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum ) in Finland (latitudes 60–67°N). All isolates except three belonged to anastomosis group 3 (AG-3) of R. solani , as determined by phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS1 and ITS2) of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Sensitivity of the 119 isolates to the fungicide flutolanil was tested in vitro (EC₅₀ values 0·14–0·75  µ g active ingredient mL⁻¹). The isolates also varied considerably in growth rate (5·1–14·8 mm day⁻¹). The severity of disease caused by 99 isolates was determined based on the proportion of potato sprouts affected by lesions, discoloration or death, which was c . 1–60%. Only two isolates that were able to cause severe symptoms showed particularly low sensitivity to the fungicide and rapid growth rate. One isolate each of anastomosis groups AG-2-1 and AG-5 and an unknown, binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. were detected. The AG-5 isolate and the binucleate isolate caused mild symptoms on potato sprouts, whereas the AG-2-1 isolate was not pathogenic. Taken together, AG-3 of R. solani was the predominant causal agent of the stem canker and black scurf diseases of potato in Finland and showed considerable variability in disease severity, fungicide sensitivity and growth rate in vitro .  相似文献   

墨兰和蝴蝶兰镰刀菌病害的鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施祖荣  张云霞  黄江华  向梅梅 《仲恺农业工程学院学报》2011,24(2):5-8,24

对广东栽培墨兰(Cymbidium sinense (Andr.) Willd.)和蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis amabilis Blume)的镰刀菌病害进行了鉴定.经症状观察、病原菌分离培养与回接、病原菌形态观察和内部转录间隔区(Internal transcribed space,ITS)、延伸因子-1α(Elongation factor-1α,EF-1α)序列分析,鉴定出墨兰茎腐病、蝴蝶兰茎基腐病和蝴蝶兰花梗腐烂病等3种镰刀菌病害,其病原菌分别为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、茄镰刀菌(F.solani)和藤仓镰刀菌(F.Fujikuroi).其中,蝴蝶兰花梗腐烂病(F.fujikuroi)为兰花上首次报道.  相似文献   

Occurrence and diversity of fungal pathogens associated with water hyacinth and their potential as biocontrol agents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia     

Firehun Yirefu  P.C. Struik  E.A. Lantinga  Taye Tessema 《国际虫害防治杂志》2017,63(4):355-363

Water hyacinth poses serious socio-economic and environmental problems in Ethiopia. To integrate fungal pathogens into water hyacinth management, a survey was conducted in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Based on morphological characterization and DNA sequencing, 25 fungal species were identified that belong to nine genera. Alternaria tenuissima, A. alternata, Aspergillus niger, Phoma sp., Curvularia trifolii, Mucor fragilis, M. racemosus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. equiseti were the most common fungi detected. However, their occurrence was influenced by water wave action, temperature, season, and altitude. Among the fungal pathogens, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, and Neofisicoccum parvum were highly pathogenic to water hyacinth. Alternaria alternata and A. tenuissima did not cause disease symptoms on ecologically important plant species (e.g. Noug, Tef, and Coffee). Application of the fungal pathogens on water hyacinth plants also showed 11%–67%, 22%–72%, 15%–55%, and 12%–50% reduction in fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, and root length of water hyacinth, respectively. This study suggests that fungal species have the potential to control water hyacinth biologically and provides baseline data for biological control efforts in the future.  相似文献