Assessment of interactions between glutamine and glucose on meat quality,AMPK, and glutamine concentrations in pectoralis major meat of broilers under acute heat stress     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2016,25(3):370-378

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary glutamine and glucose on pectoralis major meat quality in broilers under acute heat stress. Three hundred 35-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly divided into 5 groups. Broilers in the positive control group were kept in a thermoneutral environment (23 ± 1°C, RH 45%–55%) and fed a basic diet, whereas the experimental (2 × 2) group was exposed to acute heat stress (34 ± 1°C, RH 65%–75%) for 12 h and fed the basic diet that contained glutamine (0 and 10 g/kg) and glucose (0 and 10 g/kg). Compared with the positive control group, acute heat stress without glutamine and glucose supplementation increased (P < 0.05) drip loss, L* values, and AMPK concentrations, but it decreased (P < 0.05) water-holding capacity, moisture, pH, a* values, b* values, and glutamine concentrations in pectoralis major meat of chickens. However, dietary glutamine (10 g/kg) increased (P < 0.05) water-holding capacity, moisture, pH, a* values, b* values, and glutamine concentrations, while it decreased (P < 0.05) drip loss, L* values, and AMPK concentrations in heat-stressed chicken pectoralis major meat. Dietary glucose (10 g/kg) increased (P < 0.05) water-holding capacity, moisture, pH, and a* and b* values, while it decreased (P < 0.05) L* values and AMPK concentrations of pectoralis major meat in chickens exposed to acute high temperature. There were significant interactions between glutamine and glucose in the water-holding capacity, pH values, AMPK, and glutamine levels of pectoralis major meat in the heat-stressed chickens. The above results suggest that the addition of glutamine and glucose in the diet is necessary for broilers during acute heat stress condition.  相似文献   

谷氨酰胺对斜带石斑鱼GF-1细胞中C-Myc蛋白的表达与神经坏死病毒复制的影响     

沈海洋  卢志杰  秦真东  赵丽娟  李亚男  刘春  杨光  叶成凯  潘淦  林蠡 《水产学报》2020,44(9):1385-1396

为探讨C-Myc表达、谷氨酰胺代谢和神经坏死病毒复制三者之间的关系,本研究首先克隆了斜带石斑鱼鳍条细胞(GF-1)中的C-Myc基因(GF-1-C-Myc),结果显示GF-1-CMyc基因cDNA全长814 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为285 bp,编码95个氨基酸(aa),有亮氨酸拉链结构域与螺旋-环-螺旋(HLH)结构域。实验表达和纯化了GF-1-C-Myc蛋白,并制备其多克隆抗体。采用实时定量PCR技术(qRT-PCR)与免疫印迹法(WB)检测了GF-1-C-Myc基因的表达和神经坏死病毒的复制。结果显示,缺乏谷氨酰胺会同时抑制GF-1-C-Myc基因的表达和神经坏死病毒(NNV)的复制,添加谷氨酰胺可同时促进GF-1-C-Myc的表达和NNV的复制;此外,NNV感染可上调GF-1-C-Myc基因的表达,并显著消耗GF-1细胞培养液中的谷氨酰胺。研究表明,GF-1-C-Myc基因可调控宿主谷氨酰胺代谢,从而有利于神经坏死病毒的复制。本结果为防控NNV的感染提供了参考。  相似文献   

Regulation of mycorrhiza development in durum wheat by P fertilization: Effect on plant nitrogen metabolism          下载免费PDF全文

Catello Di Martino  Giuseppe Palumbo  Domenico Vitullo  Patrick Di Santo  Amodio Fuggi 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2018,181(3):429-440

The aim of this work was to study the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on growth and nitrogen (N) metabolism of durum wheat (Tritcum durum) under various P soil contents. The analyses were extended to macro and micronutrient tissue concentrations, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, as well as protein, aminoacids, pyridine dinucleotides and adenine nucleotides. Arbuscular mycorrhiza increased wheat growth in soil in which P availability was low and nitrate was the dominant N form. The root colonization occurred at the highest level in plants grown in limiting soil P and was inversely related to soil P content. The micorrhizal wheat plants contained also the highest concentrations of macro (P, K, Ca, N) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) as well as free amino acids, protein, NAD, NADP, AMP, ADP, ATP in roots and leaves. In particular, the micronutrient tissue concentrations (Zn, Mn) supported that mycorrhiza actively modulated their uptake limiting interferences and optimizing growth better than the plant roots, like a very efficient “rootstock”. Control plants grown at the highest soil P did not reach the same concentration as the mycorrhizal plants. Nitrate reductase activities in the roots of mycorrhizal plants were higher than in the control ones, while glutamine synthetase activities were highest in the leaves. Protein and amino acids concentrations, as well as AMP, ADP, ATP, NAD(P), and NAD(P)H were also higher than in the control. Among the free amino acids in the roots, the high levels of glutamine, asparagine, arginine, support the view that ammonium was transferred through the arbuscules to the root cells where it was re‐assimilated in the cortical cells, forming high N : C ratio‐amino acids. They were transferred to the leaves where all the other N compounds could be largely synthesized using the carbon skeletons supplied by photosynthesis.  相似文献   

氮素不同形态配比对菠菜体内游离氨基酸含量和相关酶活性的影响   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

汪建飞  董彩霞  沈其荣 《植物营养与肥料学报》2007,13(4):664-670

采用溶液培养试验,研究了氮素不同形态配比对菠菜茎叶中游离氨基酸含量及3种主要氮代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:1)随着营养液中铵硝比(NH4+-N/NO3--N)的降低,菠菜茎叶中游离氨基酸的总量呈下降趋势。在全硝营养下(NH4+-N/NO3--N=0∶100)下,菠菜茎叶中游离氨基酸的总量只有全铵营养(NH4+-N/NO3--N=100∶0)的34.4%。2)在全铵营养下,菠菜茎叶中游离氨基酸的主要组分是谷氨酰胺、精氨酸和谷氨酸,三者占游离氨基酸总量的百分比依次为39.8%、20.2%和8.9%;在全硝营养下,菠菜茎叶中游离氨基酸以谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和丝氨酸为主,三者占游离氨基酸总量的百分比分别为30.3%1、8.6%和8.5%。3)提高营养液中硝态氮的比例,可以显着提高菠菜茎叶中硝酸还原酶(NR)的活性,同时降低了谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)的活性,谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性则呈现先升后降的抛物线状变化规律。4)菠菜茎叶中NR活性与谷胺酰胺含量之间存在着显著负相关关系(r=-0.968)。  相似文献   

耕作与秸秆还田方式对稻田N2O排放、水稻氮吸收及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯珺珩  黄金凤  刘天奇  曹凑贵  李成芳 《作物学报》2019,45(8):1250-1259

保护性耕作是改善农田土壤肥力的重要举措,然而其对作物氮吸收与产量的作用尚不明确。为此,本试验于2016—2017年稻季在湖北省武穴市花桥镇,设置常规翻耕与免耕两种耕作方式以及前茬作物秸秆全量还田与不还田两种秸秆还田方法,研究耕作与秸秆还田方式对稻田土壤N2O排放、根系酶活性、水稻氮吸收与产量的影响。结果表明,耕作方式显著影响土壤N2O排放,但不影响根系硝酸还原酶与谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、水稻氮吸收与产量。与翻耕处理相比,免耕处理2016年和2017年土壤N2O排放量分别显著提高了12.5%~18.2%和21.1%~38.6%。秸秆还田显著影响土壤N2O排放量、根系酶活性、水稻氮吸收与产量。相对于秸秆不还田处理,秸秆还田处理2016年和2017年土壤N2O排放量分别显著提高了38.5%~45.5%和13.1%~29.5%。秸秆还田处理相对于不还田处理根系硝酸还原酶与谷氨酰胺合成酶活性分别显著增加了6.7%~45.9%和9.0%~46.7%,水稻氮吸收量提高了12.5%~26.0%,产量增加了9.4%~12.6%。本文认为,虽然秸秆还田提高了水稻氮吸收与产量,但也促进了土壤N2O的排放,因此在评估保护性耕作稻田温室效应时应加强对温室气体(CH4和N2O)排放和土壤碳固定影响的长期监测,以期为发展低碳稻作提供理论依据和技术支撑。  相似文献   

麦套花生氮素代谢及相关酶活性变化研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郭峰  万书波  王才斌  李新国  孟静静  徐平丽 《植物营养与肥料学报》2009,15(2):416-421

大田条件下,以花生“花育22号”为材料,研究了麦套花生的氮素代谢及相关酶活性变化情况。结果表明,麦套花生根叶游离氨基酸、氮素平均含量及根系可溶性蛋白平均含量高于单作;而叶片可溶性蛋白平均含量则低于单作。与小麦共生期间,麦套花生根叶硝酸还原酶（NRase）活性、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性、叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性及谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶（GPT）活性（除播后25 d）明显低于单作;整个生育期麦套花生根系GS平均活性及GPT活性高于单作花生。可见,花生苗期小麦遮荫对花生氮素代谢及酶活性有一定影响。  相似文献   

壳聚糖对油松种子萌发及幼苗生理生化特性的影响   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  

胡景江  左仲武  刘彦超 《西北林学院学报》2003,18(4):21-23

用不同浓度的壳聚糖处理油松种子,其发芽率、发芽势、种子活力和幼苗生长量均增高,且在一定范围内存在着浓度效应;在最适浓度(0.2)时其活力指数是对照的2.2倍;用壳聚糖处理正在生长的幼苗,其叶绿素、干物质、可溶性蛋白质、氨基酸含量均明显提高,分别比对照增高了54.4、46、47.7、37.8;而NO-3-N含量降低,同时硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷酰胺合成酶(GS)活性增强.实验结果表明,壳聚糖处理不仅能促进种子萌发,也能增强幼苗的光合能力和对无机氮素的同化利用,对植物的生长发育以及最终的产量形成具有明显的调节作  相似文献   

Responses of glutamine synthetase activity and gene expression to nitrogen levels in winter wheat cultivars with different grain protein content     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a central role in plant nitrogen (N) metabolism, which improves crops grain protein content. A pot experiment in field condition was carried out to evaluate GS expression and activity, and grain protein content in high (Wanmai16) and low grain protein (Loumai24) wheat cultivars under two N levels (0.05 and 0.15 g N kg⁻¹ soil). High nitrogen (HN) resulted in significant increases in GS1 and GS2 expression at 10 days after anthesis (DAA), and higher GS activity during the entire grain filling stage. HN also significantly increased yield, grain protein content and protein fraction (except for glutenin of Luomai24) in two wheat cultivars, which indicated that it increased grain yield and protein content by improving nitrogen metabolism. Wanmai16 showed higher grain protein content, gliadin and glutenin content, and had higher expression level of GS2 both in flag leaves and grains at early grain filling stage. However, Luomai24 had greater yield and higher expression level of GS1. The difference expression of GS2 and GS1 genes indicates they had various contributions to the accumulation of protein and starch in wheat grains, respectively. The results suggest that GS2 would be serving as a potential breeding target for improving wheat quality.  相似文献   

谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对AA肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响     

唐倩  李海英  翟卫爽  李晓斌  唐辉积  杨开伦 《新疆农业科学》2012,49(4):754-759

[目的]研究谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素后对AA肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响.[方法]选用180只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只.阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组添加0.3 g／kg那西肽和0.25g/kg硫酸粘杆菌素预混剂,试验组分别添加0.1;、0.2;和0.3;谷氨酰胺.测定生产性能及胴体品质.[结果]与阴性对照组相比,抗生素组肉仔鸡死亡率和料重比显著降低(P＜0.05),其它指标均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).与抗生素组相比,谷氨酰胺组活体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均有不同程度的增加.各组料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05),不同水平谷氨酰胺比阴性对照组分别降低了11.40; (P＞0.05)、8.59; (P ＞0.05)、9.69; (P ＞0.05).肉仔鸡宰胴体品质有所改善,添加0.2;、0.3;谷氨酰胺腹脂率分别下降6.25;(P＞0.05)、6.73; (P ＞0.05).[结论]添加不同水平的谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素后均具有提高肉仔鸡生产性能和改善胴体品质的趋势,综合生产性能和胴体品质来看,0.3;谷氨酰胺的替代效果较佳.  相似文献   

The role ofPseudomonas spp. and competition for carbon,nitrogen and iron in the enhancement of appressorium formation byColletotrichum coccodes on velvetleaf     

W. G. D. Fernando  A. K. Watson  T. C. Paulitz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(1):1-7

Colletotrichum coccodes is currently being investigated as a mycoherbicide against the weed velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Two isolates ofPseudomonas spp. (Ps2 and Ps5) reduced the percentage of germ tubes and increased appressorial formation ofC. coccodes on detached leaves of velvetleaf. A study was conducted to see whether this effect could be attributed to competition for nutrients or iron betweenC. coccodes andPseudomonas spp. Ps2 and Ps5 had no effect on early spore germination, but reduced the percentage of germ tubes at 24 and 30 h, compared to the nontreated control. This reduction was diminished by the addition of nutrients but not Fe³⁺. Ps2 and Ps5 stimulated the formation of dark-coloured appressoria without germ tubes (AWGT), but this stimulation was diminished by the addition of nutrients or Fe³⁺. Germ tube branching at 30 h was also inhibited by the bacteria, but was not diminished by the addition of nutrients or iron. EDTA stimulated conidial germination at 10 h, which was reduced by the addition of Fe³⁺. However, EDTA did not stimulate the formation of appressoria (AWGT). These results suggest that the reduction in the percentage of germ tubes and the increase in the percentage of appressoria induced by the bacteria may be due to the competition for carbon or nitrogen. Iron competition may also be involved in the stimulation of appressorial formation, but not in the reduction in germ tube percentage and branching. Phylloplane bacteria may compete for carbon, nitrogen and iron, limiting the saprophytic phase of the pathogen on the phylloplane and accelerating the development of the parasitic phase. This may enhance the field efficacy ofC. coccodes as a biocontrol agent against velvetleaf.  相似文献