Proline and Glutamine Improve in vitro Callus Induction and Subsequent Shooting in Rice     

Pawar Bhausaheb  Kale Prashant  Bahurupe Jyoti  Jadhav Ashok  Kale Anil  Pawar Sharad 《水稻科学》2015,22(6):283

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of proline and glutamine on in vitro callus induction and subsequent regeneration and to develop a reproducible and highly efficient plant regeneration protocol in four rice genotypes, viz. Pawana, Jaya, Indrayani and Ambemohar. Considerable variation in response to plant growth regulators and amino acid supplements used was observed in all the four genotypes. Medium supplemented with proline and glutamine was shown to be superior to medium without proline and glutamine. The best callusing from mature embryo was observed on Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D), 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Shoot induction was higher in the callus obtained from medium supplemented with 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. The highest shoot regeneration frequency(83.2%) was observed on MS medium with 2.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine, 0.5 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 500 mg/L proline, and 500 mg/L glutamine in the callus obtained from MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Among the four genotypes, Pawana has the highest regeneration efficiency(83.2%), whereas the regeneration efficiency of the rest three rice genotypes was in the range of 32.0% to 72.3%. This optimized regeneration protocol can be efficiently used for Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in rice.  相似文献   

谷氨酰胺对点带石斑鱼免疫细胞免疫力的影响     

程镇燕  李建  雷五长  于宏  王庆奎  郭永军  乔秀亭 《水产科学》2014,(10)

将从平均体质量400 g的点带石斑鱼中肾分离出的白细胞培养在添加0、0．5、1、2 mmol／L 谷氨酰胺的培养基中2、6、12、24 h后,测定白细胞的吞噬和呼吸爆发活力,结果发现,添加谷氨酰胺后白细胞的吞噬和呼吸爆发活力显著提高,随着培养时间的延长,吞噬和呼吸爆发活力进一步提高,最高值均在培养12 h后的1 mmol／L组。在培养12、24 h后测定了白细胞的增殖能力,发现培养12 h后,添加谷氨酰胺的各组增殖效果明显优于未添加谷氨酰胺组（对照组）（ P＜0．05）,但添加谷氨酰胺的各组之间差异不显著（P＞0．05）,最高值在1 mmol／L组;培养48 h后,除2 mmol／L组外,其他处理组的增殖效果均下降。白细胞对迟钝爱德华氏菌杀菌率变化趋势与吞噬活力相符,1、2 mmol／L 组杀菌率显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）,而0．5 mmol／L组与对照组之间差异不显著（P＞0．05）。试验结果表明,谷氨酰胺是石斑鱼有效的免疫增强剂,在培养基中添加1 mmol／L 谷氨酰胺培养12 h效果最佳。  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and expression of kidney‐type glutaminase from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its up‐regulation by glutamine in primary culture enterocyte     

J. Jiang  L. Feng  Y. Liu  W.‐D. Jiang  K. Hu  S.‐H. Li  X.‐Q. Zhou 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(6):731-740

Glutaminase (GLS) is the key enzyme of glutamine (Gln) metabolism and utilization. In this study, a cDNA encoding GLS protein was identified from common carp Cyprinus carpio intestine. The open reading frame of GLS cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 595 amino acids, which shows a high similarity with its zebrafish Danio rerio counterpart. Bioinformatic analysis showed the protein belongs to kidney‐type GLS. The putative protein has glutaminase domain and ankyrin repeats domain, which are highly conserved among vertebrate orthologues. Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the abundance of GLS mRNA was the highest in the white muscle, followed by the brain, eyeball and pituitary. Glutaminase was ubiquitously expressed in all intestinal segments of common carp. The activity of GLS did not distribute uniformly along the entire length of the intestine. In primary culture enterocyte, and the expression of GLS mRNA is up‐regulated quickly and effectively by Gln.  相似文献   

Cytosolic glutamine synthetase is present in the phloem sap of rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

Tomohiro TANAKA  Nobuo SUZUI  Hiroaki HAYASHI  Tomoyuki YAMAYA  Tadakatsu YONEYAMA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(1):102-106

The presence of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the rice sieve tube was examined. Proteins in the rice phloem sap from leaf sheaths were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinylidine difluoride membranes and immunoblotted with anti-GS1 antibody. A cross-reacting band, thought to be GS1, was detected in the phloem sap. Moreover, the phloem sap contained a significant amount of GS transferase activity. Previous studies have shown that the concentrations of substrates and cofactors in the rice phloem sap are sufficient for cytosolic GS reaction. These data suggest that physiologically active GS1 is present in rice phloem sap, which might convert glutamate to glutamine in vivo .  相似文献   

谷氨酰胺二肽的代谢及其在断奶仔猪中的应用     

袁雪波  马黎  严达伟  陈恒灿  郭荣富 《中国畜牧兽医》2009,36(11):23-26

谷氨酰胺二肽是谷氨酰胺和其他氨基酸形成的二肽,因其特有的生物学功能,近年来逐渐受到动物营养学家的广泛关注,国内外许多研究者也开展了谷氨酰胺二肽在动物上的研究工作。笔者就谷氨酰胺二肽的代谢及其对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、能量利用、抗氧化机能等的影响进行了综述。  相似文献   

谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李天强  李虎  李海英  李晓斌  翟卫爽  杨开伦 《新疆农业科学》2011,48(8):1525-1530

[目的]研究基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡生产性能及屠宰性能的影响.[方法]将180只1日龄的黄羽肉鸡随机分为5个处理组(每个处理组3个重复,每个重复12只).分组情况:阳性对照组在基础日粮中添加饲用抗生素(0.03;那西肽+0.025;硫酸粘杆菌素预混剂);阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮中添加0.1;谷氨酰胺;试验Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加0.2;谷氨酰胺;试验Ⅲ组在基础日粮中添加0.3;的谷氨酰胺.[结果]81 d时各组平均体重分别为2.72、2.66、2.62、2.84、2.68 kg,差异不显著(P＞0.05),试验Ⅱ组平均体重比阳性对照组高4.41;.8～81 d料重比分别为2.67、2.66、2.80、2.64、2.62,差异不显著(P＞0.05),日粮中分别添加0.1;谷氨酰胺、0.2;谷氨酰胺及0.3;谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素,黄羽肉鸡81 d体重、饲料转化率、胴体品质等指标上各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).[结论]从黄羽肉鸡81 d体重、料重比、死亡率等指标综合来看,用添加0.2;谷氨酰胺替代黄羽肉鸡饲用抗生素是可行的.  相似文献   

添喂谷氨酰胺、丁酸钠对哺乳中后期羔羊生长的影响     

赵健康  张俐华  郭金梁  朱新杰  田东东  杨开伦 《新疆农业科学》2013,50(1):154-157

[目的]研究精料中分别添加谷氨酰胺和丁酸钠对哺乳中后期羔羊生长性能的影响.[方法]选择35～40日龄体重相近的萨福克和陶赛特羔羊54只,将其随机分为3个处理组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每组18只.对照组饲喂常规精料,试验Ⅰ组在常规精料中添加0.5;的谷氨酰胺,试验Ⅱ组在常规精料中添加0.5;的丁酸钠.[结果]试验进行8周后,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比对照组平均日增重分别提高39和32g,差异均极显著(P＜0.01);试验Ⅰ组比试验Ⅱ组平均日增重提高7 g,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]在哺乳中后期羔羊精料中分别添加谷氨酰胺和丁酸钠可显著提高哺乳期羔羊的平均日增重和经济效益.  相似文献   

葡萄糖酸、谷氨酰胺及其组合物替代饲用抗生素对仔猪生产性能的影响     

于新明  李虎  赵小刚  于青云  杨开伦 《新疆农业科学》2012,49(1):139-145

[目的]集约化养猪场生产条件下分别用葡萄糖酸(Gluconic acid,GA)、谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,GN)、葡萄糖酸+谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素后对仔猪生产性能的影响.[方法]选取24窝1日龄仔猪,随机分为四个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,试验期为42 d.分组情况:对照组为基础日粮中添加抗生素(60 mg/kg抗敌素、75 mg/kg金霉素);GA组为1 kg基础日粮中加GA1.5 g;GN组为1kg基础日粮中加GN2 g;GA+ GN组为/kg基础日粮中加GA 1.5 g+GN2 g.仔猪28日龄断奶.以窝为重复单位.在第1、21、28和42 d早晨逐头空腹称重.记录仔猪每天的投料量、剩料量,同时记录每窝的仔猪数、腹泻数以及死淘数.计算各阶段及全期仔猪平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、腹泻率、死淘率.[结果]21～42 d,GA组、GN组、GA+ GN组仔猪平均日增重与对照组相比,分别降低了8.00; (P ＞0.05)、16.00; (P ＜0.05)、8.00;(P＞0.05);全期各组仔猪腹泻头次分别为37、31、27、18,有逐渐降低的趋势;平均日采食量、平均体重、饲料转化率、死淘率方面,试验组仔猪与对照组均差异不显著(P＞0.05).各试验组仔猪之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]饲用抗生素组仔猪21～42 d的平均日增重要好于各替代组,但各替代组仔猪的平均日采食量、活体重及料重比等指标上与饲用抗生素添加组相比均无显著差异;与饲用抗生素组仔猪相比,各替代组的仔猪腹泻发生频次有降低的趋势.试验为在集约化养猪场生产实际中用葡萄糖酸、谷氨酰胺或葡萄糖酸+谷氨酰胺替代仔猪日粮中饲用抗生素的应用提供了参考依据.  相似文献   

谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对AA肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响     

唐倩  李海英  翟卫爽  李晓斌  唐辉积  杨开伦 《新疆农业科学》2012,49(4):754-759

[目的]研究谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素后对AA肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响.[方法]选用180只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只.阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组添加0.3 g／kg那西肽和0.25g/kg硫酸粘杆菌素预混剂,试验组分别添加0.1;、0.2;和0.3;谷氨酰胺.测定生产性能及胴体品质.[结果]与阴性对照组相比,抗生素组肉仔鸡死亡率和料重比显著降低(P＜0.05),其它指标均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).与抗生素组相比,谷氨酰胺组活体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均有不同程度的增加.各组料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05),不同水平谷氨酰胺比阴性对照组分别降低了11.40; (P＞0.05)、8.59; (P ＞0.05)、9.69; (P ＞0.05).肉仔鸡宰胴体品质有所改善,添加0.2;、0.3;谷氨酰胺腹脂率分别下降6.25;(P＞0.05)、6.73; (P ＞0.05).[结论]添加不同水平的谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素后均具有提高肉仔鸡生产性能和改善胴体品质的趋势,综合生产性能和胴体品质来看,0.3;谷氨酰胺的替代效果较佳.  相似文献   

饲粮不同能量来源对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜功能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李雪  田长鑫  王小城  熊霞  印遇龙 《动物营养学报》2017,29(2)

仔猪早期断奶常常导致仔猪能量摄入不足,使肠道黏膜细胞处于"饥饿状态",影响仔猪正常的肠道功能,从而加剧断奶应激,因此满足肠道黏膜细胞的能量供给至关重要。本文就谷氨酰胺(Gln)、葡萄糖(Glu)、脂肪这3种肠黏膜细胞主要的供能物质来分别论述它们对于断奶仔猪肠道黏膜功能的影响。  相似文献