Molecular endocrinology of oocyte growth and maturation in fish     

Yoshitaka Nagahama  Michiyasu Yoshikuni  Masakane Yamashita  Noriyoshi Sakai  Minoru Tanaka 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):3-14

Pituitary gonadotropins (GTHs) are of primary importance in triggering oocyte growth and maturation. However, the actions of GTHs are not direct, but are mediated by the ovarian production of steroidal mediators of oocyte growth (estradiol-17β) and maturation (maturation-inducing hormone, MIH; 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 17α,20β-DP in salmonid fishes; 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 20β-S in sciaenid fishes). It is established that production of estradiol-17β and 17α,20β-DP by salmonid ovarian follicles occurs via the interaction of two cell layers, the thecal and granulosa cell layers (two-cell type model). A distinct shift in the salmonid steroidogenesis from estradiol-17β to 17α,20β-DP occurs in the ovarian follicle layer immediately prior to oocyte maturation. It is possible that this shift is a consequence of dramatic changes in the expression of the genes encoding various steroidogenic enzymes. As an initial step to address this question, we have isolated and characterized the cDNAs encoding a number of ovarian steroidogenic enzymes including the rainbow trout cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase cytochrome P-450, aromatase cytochrome P-450 cDNAS as well as the pig 20β-HSD cDNA. Estradiol-17β stimulates the hepatic synthesis and secretion of a yolk precursor, vitellogenin. Vitellogenin is then transported to the ovary where it is selectively taken up into the oocyte by a receptor-mediated process involving specific cell-surface receptors. Estradiol-17β was also shown to induce the synthesis of egg membrane proteins in the liver. The maturation-inducing action of 17α,20β-DP and 20β-S is through the binding to the oocyte plasma membrane. This initial MIH-surface interaction is followed by the formation of the major mediator of MIH, maturation-promoting factor (MPF). We have purified MPF from mature oocytes of carp. Carp MPF consists of two components: the homolog of the cdc2⁺ gene product of fission yeast (p34^cdc2) and cyclin B. The cdc2 kinase protein is present in immature oocytes as well as in oocytes induced to mature by 17α,20β-DP treatment, while cyclin B proteins can be detected only in mature oocytes. Addition of bacterially expressed goldfish cyclin B to the extracts of immature goldfish oocytes induced MPF activation. These results suggest that the appearance of cyclin B protein is a crucial step for 17α,20β-DP-induced oocyte maturation in fish.  相似文献   

Fundulus heteroclitus Gonadotropin(s) 2. Year-round husbandry of animals with active pituitaries and responsive follicles     

Yu-Wai Peter Lin  Mark S. Greeley Jr.  Robin A. Wallace 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,6(3):139-148

Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) were exposed to various regimens of temperature and photoperiod in order to develop a routine husbandry procedure so as to have throughout the year a population of reproductively healthy fish with a good quantity and quality of prematuration follicles (1.2–1.5 mm) suitable for carrying out homologous bioassays ofF. heteroclitus gonadotropin. During the fall and winter months, wild fish in the field all had regressed ovaries (gonadosomatic index <1). On the other hand, laboratory-maintained fish, with or without cold temperature (15°C) and short photoperiod (10 h light/day) pretreatment, generally had sexually mature ovaries (GSI>10) when maintained on a warm temperature (25°C) and long photoperiod (14 h light) protocol. Ovarian follicles retrieved from laboratory fish were responsive toF. heteroclitus pituitary extract stimulation, and underwent germinal vesicle breakdown normallyin vitro. Hence these ovarian follicles served well as a bioassay forF. heteroclitus gonadotropin even outside of the normal breeding season. The pituitary glands retrieved from laboratory fish in winter also retained high gonadotropic potencies, in terms of maturational and steroidogenic activities. Our results thus demonstrated that active gametogenesis in laboratory-maintained fish can be extended five months beyond the end of the normal breeding season. Apparently,F. heteroclitus in Florida is potentially a continuous breeder when under favorable conditions, but has a reproductive quiescent period imposed upon it by some environmental stressor(s). Although the design of the present experiments did not determine the relative importance of nutritional factors, temperature, and photoperiod on the annual reproductive cycle ofF. heteroclitus, there are indications that diatary factors may play a much more dominant role in the reproductive cycle than previously recognized.  相似文献   

外源性神经激肽B对雌性大鼠生殖轴GnRH和Kisspeptin表达的影响     

李海玲  司文宇  宋爽  康铁柱  姚郅璆  叶菁  李福宝  方富贵 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(1):69-77

为研究外源性神经激肽B(NKB)对雌性大鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)和下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴(HPOA)GnRH和Kisspeptin表达的影响,将40只60d的Sprague-Dawley(SD)雌性大鼠随机分为试验组和对照组,侧脑室分别注射NKB溶液和等体积生理盐水,20min后处死采集样品。采用免疫荧光技术分析各组织的GnRH和Kisspeptin蛋白表达,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)分析GnRH和Kiss1mRNA的表达量变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组下丘脑GnRH mRNA显著增加(P0.05),Kiss1 mRNA表达量显著降低(P0.05);试验组下丘脑视前区(POA)中GnRH阳性细胞数量显著增加(P0.05),弓状核(ARC)和正中隆起(ME)中GnRH阳性细胞数量增加(P0.05),但下丘脑ARC,POA,室旁核(PVN)和前腹侧室旁核(AVPV)中Kisspeptin阳性细胞数显著减少(P0.05);且NKB抑制腺垂体中Kisspeptin的表达(P0.05),但不影响卵巢中Kisspeptin的表达。综上,NKB通过调节HPOA Kisspeptin和下丘脑GnRH的表达来调控雌性大鼠的生殖。  相似文献   

Alarelin active immunization influences expression levels of GnRHR,FSHR and LHR proteins in the ovary and enhances follicular development in ewes     

Suocheng Wei  Shien Chen  Zhuandi Gong  Xiahui Ouyang  Lifeng An  Kun Xie  Jiangling Dong  Min Wei 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(6):466-475

We investigated the effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist on expressions of GnRH receptor (GnRHR), follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) proteins in the ovaries and follicular development in the ewes. Forty‐two pre‐pubertal ewes were assigned to experimental groups 1 to 5 (EG‐I to EG‐V) and control group (CG). Ewes in EG‐I, EG‐II and EG‐III were subcutaneously injected with 200, 300 or 400 μg alarelin antigens twice (on days 0 and 14), respectively. Ewes in EG‐IV and EG‐V were subcutaneously injected with 200 μg and 300 μg alarelin antigen four times (on days 0, 7, 14 and 21). Ewes in CG were subcutaneously injected with a solvent twice (on days 0 and 14). Serum concentrations of GnRH antibody in the EGs increased and were higher than (P < 0.05) that of CG from day 14 to day 60. GnRH antibody concentrations in EG‐IV and EG‐V were higher than that in EG‐I, EG‐II and EG‐III from days 35 to 45. Expressions of GnRHR protein in EG‐IV and EG‐V were lower than that in CG (P < 0. 01). Expressions of FSHR and LHR proteins in EGs increased. Levels of FSHR and LHR proteins in EG‐IV and EG‐V (P < 0.05) were higher than CG. Ovarian weights in EGs increased. Values of follicle vertical diameter, follicle transverse diameter, follicle wall thickness, follicle externatheca thickness and follicle internatheca thickness in EG‐III and EG‐V were greater than other groups. Primordial follicles and primary follicles developed quickly in alarelin‐immunized animals. Secondary follicles and mature follicles became more abundant. Mitochondria, mitochondrial cristaes and cortical granules increased. Serum FSH concentrations of EGs remained higher than that in CG from days 28 to 70 (P < 0.05). Alarelin immunization stimulated GnRH antibody production, suppressed expression of GnRHR protein, enhanced expressions of FSHR and LHR proteins in ovaries, promoted FSH secretion and thereby accelerated the development of ovaries and follicles in ewes.  相似文献   

Historical Aspects of Equine Embryo Transfer     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2020

Early embryo transfer in equids was undertaken simultaneously in the early 1970s in Cambridge, England, and Kyoto, Japan. Both groups achieved limited success when flushing the uterine horn ipsilateral to the side of ovulation but the rates improved markedly when the whole uterus was flushed on realization of the continued movement of the embryo throughout the uterine lumen after day 6. Initial transfers of embryos to recipient mares were carried out surgically, but nonsurgical transfer via the cervix has been used subsequently with increasing success, culminating in pregnancy rates of 75%–90% today. Experimental use of embryo transfer in horses and donkeys demonstrated the unique ability of equids to carry to term a full range of interspecies hybrid conceptuses and extraspecies pregnancies created by embryo transfer. Furthermore, splitting of day 4–8 cell embryos and day 6 compact morulae allowed the creation of genetically identical twin foals. But despite these and other significant advances over the past 45 years, a persisting limitation is the relatively low embryo recovery rates from donor mares treated with exogenous gonadotropins in attempts to induce them to superovulate. This is due to the toughness of the ovarian tunica albuginea which forces ovulation through the ventrally situated ovulation fossa where multiple follicles compete with each other and luteinize before they can ovulate properly.  相似文献   

斜带石斑鱼GtHRs在卵巢发育过程中的表达模式     

胡雪松  刘晓春  张勇  李水生  陈华谱  林浩然 《中国水产科学》2012,19(6):915-922

对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)卵巢进行组织学分析,根据卵母细胞的发育阶段将卵巢发育划分为7个时期(I-VII),检测斜带石斑鱼不同发育时期卵巢中两种促性腺激素受体(gonadotropin receptors,GtHRs),即卵泡刺激素受体(follicle-stimulating hormone receptor,FSHR)和促黄体素受体(luteinizing hormone receptor,LHR)的mRNA水平,同步分析下游卵巢型芳香化酶基因(Cyp19a)的表达模式。实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)结果显示,FSHR的mRNA水平在I、II时期的卵巢中较低,在III时期开始上调,在IV、V时期显著升高,在VI时期显著下降。相比之下,LHR的转录水平在卵巢发育早期(I-IV)表达较低,在V时期开始有所升高,在VI时期达到峰值。卵巢内Cyp19a的mRNA在I III时期保持较低水平,在IV、V时期的表达显著增强,在VI时期表达明显减弱。在卵巢发育过程中,Cyp19a的整体表达模式与FSHR较为相似。上述结果表明,斜带石斑鱼FSHR和LHR均参与了卵巢发育的调控,但在不同发育时期功能不同。在卵巢发育过程中,FSHR可能是介导Cyp19a正调控的主要因子。本研究旨为阐明斜带石斑鱼GtH/GtHR信号系统在生殖调控过程中的作用提供基础依据。  相似文献   

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH     

Shrabanti Sarkar  Panchanan Nath 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(6):879-896

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

马绒毛膜促性腺激素单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏晓倩  邓亮  贾瑜  韩国才 《中国畜牧兽医》2012,39(9):18-21

本研究采用马绒毛膜促性腺激素(equine chorionic gonadotropin,eCG)纯品免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与同系小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0按1∶10融合,间接酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)筛选阳性克隆和有限稀释法克隆,扩大培养后于小鼠腹腔制备腹水,共得到8株能稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,采用间接ELISA测定抗体效价,效价均达10^-5以上。用获得的杂交瘤细胞株制备单克隆抗体,为eCG分泌水平的ELISA检测方法的建立确立了条件。  相似文献   

人尿促性腺激素、雌二醇及表皮生长因子对牛卵母细胞体外成熟质量的影响     

唐爽  安文仲  姜鑫龙  李向臣 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(6):1585-1590

试验旨在研究不同激素配比及表皮生长因子(EGF)浓度对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及卵母细胞质量的影响。将随机分组的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体于添加FSH+LH、HMG、FSH+LH+E₂、HMG+E₂ 4种不同激素组合配比的成熟基础液中培养,对比其体外成熟率,比较了EGF对牛卵母细胞体外成熟率和孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响,并采用TUNEL法检测添加不同浓度EGF的牛孤雌激活囊胚细胞凋亡情况。结果表明,添加HMG的成熟试验结果稳定,E₂对牛卵母细胞成熟有一定的促进作用,HMG+E₂联合使用可以得到高效稳定的成熟结果;在此基础上,在成熟液中添加30 ng/mL EGF对牛卵母细胞的成熟质量、胚胎发育及降低胚胎细胞凋亡都有明显的促进作用。因此,在体外成熟培养液中添加0.075 IU/mL HMG、1 μg/mL E₂和30 ng/mL EGF对牛卵母细胞的成熟和质量较为有益。  相似文献   

Effects of flushing and hormonal treatment on reproductive performance of Iranian Markhoz goats     

Daghigh Kia H  Mohamadi Chapdareh W  Hossein Khani A  Moghaddam G  Rashidi A  Sadri H  Alijani S 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(6):1157-1164

Forty‐eight Iranian Markhoz goats were allocated to six groups (n = 8) to study the effect of flushing and hormonal treatments on reproductive performance. Treatments were divided into two categories including, hormonal treatments and flushing. The goats in each group were fed the same basal ration and received one of the following treatments: Groups A and B – injection of GnRH and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) respectively; Groups C, D and E – a supplement of barley grain, soybean oil and sunflower oil in flushing diets, respectively, were offered and Group F – control (only received basal diet). In the flushing treatments, only the source of energy was different between rations. Both hormonal treatments and flushing treatments improved fertility and kidding rates. Treatment B with 16 and control with seven kids represented the highest and the lowest number of progeny respectively. Among flushing treatments, group C resulted in the highest number of kids being 15. Oestrogen levels in follicular phase increased with the injection of eCG and consumption of barley grain. GnRH injection and consumption of oil sources in the diet increased blood progesterone levels during ovulation and post‐ovulation periods. Under current market conditions, using hormone or flushing can be profitable for Markhoz goats farmers.  相似文献