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The Australian ruminant livestock industries are faced with the need to control parasitic infectious diseases that can seriously impact the health of animals. However, increasing levels of resistance to insecticides, anthelmintics and acaricides are substantially reducing the ability to control some of these parasites. Here we review the current situation with regard to chemical resistances in parasites across the various sectors of the Australian ruminant livestock industries and assess the level of threat that these resistances pose to the sustainability of these sectors in the short to long terms. We also look at the extent to which testing for resistance occurs across the various industry sectors, and hence how well-informed these sectors are of the extent of chemical resistance. We examine on-farm management practices, breeding of parasite-resistant animals, and non-chemical therapeutics that may act as short to long term means to reduce the current reliance on chemicals for parasite control. Finally, we look at the balance between the prevalence and magnitude of current resistances and the availability and adoption rates of management, breeding and therapeutic alternatives in order to assess the parasite control outlook for the various industry sectors. 相似文献
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为了解安徽省望江县江滩放牧牛寄生蠕虫的感染情况,本研究采用饱和盐水漂浮法、沉淀法、贝尔曼法对此地区的115头放牧牛的新鲜粪便进行检查,同时对虫种感染率以及不同品种、性别、年龄牛感染率进行了统计分析。调查结果显示,当地放牧牛感染的蠕虫有夏伯特线虫、捻转血矛线虫、奥斯特线虫、肝片吸虫以及肺线虫,总感染率达到90.4%(104/115)。其中捻转血矛线虫为感染优势虫种,感染率达70.4%;捻转血矛线虫、夏伯特线虫在雄牛和雌牛中感染率的差异具有显著性统计学意义。调查结果对长江流域江滩放牧牛蠕虫病防治工作以及了解蠕虫与宿主的相互关系具有一定参考意义。 相似文献
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用自然感染蠕虫的绵羊观察并确证氧阿苯哒唑对绵羊蠕虫的驱除效果。各试验组羊分别一次内服氧阿苯哒唑５、１０、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ药物,药物对照组内服丙硫咪唑１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结果是氧阿苯哒唑各试验组的精计驱虫率和粗计驱虫率对食道口线虫、奥斯特线虫和细颈线虫均为１００％;高剂量对毛首线虫分别为１００％和９５％;中、高剂量对莫尼蒋绦虫均为１００％。人药后无毒副反应,部检未见病理变化。表明氧阿苯哒唑对绵羊的抗蠕虫效 相似文献
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为了解四川地区黄鳝（Monopterus albus ）体内寄生蠕虫的感染情况，采用常规寄生虫调查方法对四川眉山、乐山、绵阳、德阳、资阳、内江、广安、南充、遂宁、宜宾、西昌、邛崃、名山共计13个地区所采集的435条不同规格的黄鳝的寄生虫感染情况进行了初步调查。结果显示，四川黄鳝体内的寄生蠕虫是隐藏新棘虫（Pallisentis （Neosentis）celatus）、胃瘤线虫（Eustrongylides sp．）幼虫和锯缘叶形吸虫（Phylldisto-mum serripatula ）；其中，胃瘤线虫幼虫的感染率为19．08％，感染强度为3．89，感染丰度为0．74；隐藏新棘虫感染率为18．85％，感染强度为11．40，感染丰度为2．15；锯缘叶形吸虫的感染率为4．83％，感染强度为2．86，感染丰度为0．14。胃瘤线虫幼虫、隐藏新棘虫和锯缘叶形吸虫是四川地区黄鳝人工养殖应重点防治的几种寄生虫。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(3):392-396
In the spring of 2006, 60 naturally infected hens obtained from a broiler-breeder farm in northwest Arkansas were used in a controlled titration study to determine the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole in the treatment of both nematode and cestode infections. Albendazole was used at the dose rates of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg of BW, with all treatments given individually as an oral suspension on d 0 (split doses) and with necropsies for parasite collection conducted on d 7. There were 15 birds per treatment group. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) reductions in worm burdens from control levels were seen at the 5.0 mg/kg dose level for adult and larval stages of Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, and Capillaria obsignata. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the numbers of Raillietina cesticillus (scolexes) from control group levels was seen only at the 20.0 mg/kg rate of treatment. For albendazole given at the rates of 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg, respective anthelmintic efficacies based on geometric means were 87.7, 91.2, and 98.2% (A. galli larvae); 100.0, 100.0, and 100.0% (A. galli adults); 96.9, 95.7, and 98.9% (H. gallinarum larvae); 92.7, 95.4, and 94.9% (H. gallinarum adults); 90.3, 91.3, and 95.1% (C. obsignata larvae and adults combined); and 73.1, 73.1, and 96.2% (R. cesticillus). No adverse reactions to albendazole were observed in this study. 相似文献
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根据近年来有关蠕虫对宿主的耐受性的研究结果，综合评述了蠕虫逃避宿主防御攻击的机制，它包括：对宿主独特信号的接收机制、降解宿主抗体机制、消灭反应性氧中介物机制。指出蠕虫在宿主中的防御机制及其功能性成分对畜禽蠕虫病预防和治疗新方法的开发具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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黑龙江省汤旺河流域犬寄生蠕虫区系调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报告了黑龙江省汤旺河流域犬寄生蠕虫的调查结果。沿河两岸20个点,剖检狗84只、蠕虫感染者83只,感染率占98.81％。本次共检获寄生蠕虫16种,其中吸虫7种,涤虫4种和线虫5种,他们分属于13科,16属。1犬体内检出1种虫体者占8.33％,检出2、3种者占26.19％和23.81％,检出4、5种者各占13.09％和16.67％,5种以上者占10.71％。分布广泛,危害严重者:犬钩口线虫,犬弓首线虫,旋毛形线虫,犬复孔绦虫,卫氏并殖吸虫,泡状带涤虫,线中殖孔绦虫和华支睾吸虫。横川后殖吸虫,园圃棘口吸虫,日本棘隙吸虫和毛细线虫在我省系首次报道。据文献记载,上述16种蠕虫均为人畜共患寄生虫,在我省人体内有重要意义的有4种:华支睾吸虫,卫氏并殖吸虫,棘球蚴和旋毛形线虫。其余虫种可能偶尔感染人。上述结果提示,狗是人畜共患寄生蠕虫的重要宿主。 相似文献