T lymphocyte responses during early enteric Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in cattle     

Brandon L. Plattner  Elise Huffman  Douglas E. Jones  Jesse M. Hostetter 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2014,157(1-2):12-19

Johne's disease (JD) is a costly intestinal disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), which is transmitted to perinatal calves by the fecal-oral route. Disease control efforts focus on identification and culling of infected cattle from herds; therefore failure to identify animals early is a major obstacle to reducing transmission. Development of host immunity during early JD remain incompletely characterized so detecting subclinical JD using immunologic techniques is a substantial challenge in the field. Development of a test with high sensitivity and specificity is a major research goal with significant implications for the cattle industry. The objectives of this study were to compare early Map-specific T lymphocyte responses in naive, experimentally Map infected and Map vaccinated calves using a subcutaneous matrigel biopolymer-based assay. We examined the phenotype of recruited lymphocytes and local interferon gamma (IFNγ) production within subcutaneously placed matrigel containing Map antigen 30 days after experimentally induced intestinal Map infection or Map vaccination. We show that IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells are recruited to matrigel sites in vaccinated but not infected or naïve calves. γδ T cells recruited to matrigel sites of Map-infected calves were mostly WC1-, while γδ T cells recruited to matrigel sites of Map-vaccinated calves were predominantly WC1+. IFNγ at matrigel sites was a discriminating factor between infected calves, naïve calves and vaccinated calves. These data contribute to our understanding of early anti-Map immunity, and may be useful for detecting early intestinal Map infections in calves or for enhancing our ability to discriminate between Map-infected and Map-vaccinated calves.  相似文献   

Factors associated with morbidity,mortality, and growth of dairy heifer calves up to 3 months of age   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M.C. Windeyer  K.E. Leslie  S.M. Godden  D.C. Hodgins  K.D. Lissemore  S.J. LeBlanc 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

Calfhood disease is an important problem on many dairy operations that can have substantial effects on heifer survival and productivity, and has economic and welfare impacts. Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young dairy cattle. The objective of this observational study was to investigate factors associated with the risks of morbidity and mortality, and with growth, in commercial dairy heifers calves. A total of 2874 heifer calves from 19 commercial dairy farms in Minnesota and Ontario were enrolled at 1–7 days of age and followed for approximately 3 months. Using cut-points of serum total protein of 5.2 and 5.7 g/dl, the incidences of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) were 11 and 32%, respectively. A cut-point of 5.7 g/dl was the most predictive of BRD before 5 weeks of age (sensitivity = 40%, specificity = 69%). The positive predictive value was poor (PPV = 18%), but the negative predictive value was good (NPV = 87%). A cut-point of 5.2 g/dl was most predictive of death before 5 weeks of age (sensitivity = 27%, specificity = 89%, PPV = 5%, NPV = 98%). Serum total protein during the first week of life was a poor predictor of NCD. Over 23% of calves were treated for diarrhea. Risk factors were weight at enrollment, other diseases before 2 weeks of age, and an interaction between season of birth and herd-level incidence of NCD. Almost 22% of calves were treated at least once for BRD. Factors associated with an increased risk of BRD included herd-level incidence of BRD, season of birth, navel dipping, other diseases before 2 weeks of age, failure of transfer of passive immunity, and manual control of temperature in pre-weaning housing. Administration of supplemental antibody products at birth was associated with a reduced incidence of BRD. Overall mortality was 3.5%. Risk of mortality was increased by treatment for BRD and other diseases. The mean average weight gain was 0.95 kg/day (range: 0.11–1.62 kg/day; SD = 0.2). Twinning status, FTP, treatment for NCD or other diseases, and month of birth influenced body weight. This study illustrated relationships among various diseases, mortality, and growth. Furthermore, it demonstrated the importance of colostrum for protection against BRD and improved growth performance, while bringing into question the optimal method of determining failure of transfer of passive immunity.  相似文献   

Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 supplementation affects intestinal immune-associated gene expression in post-weaning piglets     

Bianca Siepert  Nicole Reinhardt  Susanne Kreuzer  Angelika Bondzio  Sven Twardziok  Gudrun Brockmann  Karsten Nöckler  Istvan Szabó  Pawel Janczyk  Robert Pieper  Karsten Tedin 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2014,157(1-2):65-77

  相似文献   

Epigenetic contribution to individual variation in response to lipopolysaccharide in bovine dermal fibroblasts     

Benjamin B. Green  David E. Kerr 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2014,157(1-2):49-58

  相似文献   

Infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) induces a natural killer (NK) cell response in cattle that is lacking following vaccination     

Jared R. Patch  Pervaiz A. Dar  Ryan Waters  Felix N. Toka  Jose Barrera  Christopher Schutta  Ganesh Kondabattula  William T. Golde 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014

Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in innate antiviral immunity by directly lysing virus-infected cells and producing antiviral cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ). We developed a system for characterizing the bovine NK response to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which causes a disease of cloven-hoofed animals and remains a threat to livestock industries throughout the world. IL-2 stimulation of PBMC resulted in poor killing of human K562 cells, which are often used as NK target cells, while lysis of the bovine BL3.1 cell line was readily detected. Depletion of NKp46-expressing cells revealed that 80% of the killing induced by IL-2 could be attributed to NKp46⁺ cells. In order to characterize the response of NK cells against FMDV in vivo, we infected groups of cattle with three different strains of the virus (A24 Cruzeiro, O1 Manisa, O Hong Kong) and evaluated the cytolytic ability of NK cells through the course of infection. We consistently observed a transient increase in cytolysis, although there was variation in magnitude and kinetics. This increase in cytolysis remained when CD3⁺ cells were removed from the preparation of lymphocytes, indicating that cytolysis was independent of MHC-T cell receptor interaction or γδ T cell activation. In contrast, animals monitored following vaccination against FMDV did not exhibit any increase in NK killing. These data suggest that NK cells play a role in the host immune response of cattle against FMDV, and contrast with the suppression of NK activity previously observed in swine infected with FMDV.  相似文献   

Usefulness of the murine model to study the immune response against Histoplasma capsulatum infection     

Jorge H. Sahaza  Armando Pérez-Torres  Edgar Zenteno  Maria Lucia Taylor 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014

The present paper is an overview of the primary events that are associated with the histoplasmosis immune response in the murine model. Valuable data that have been recorded in the scientific literature have contributed to an improved understanding of the clinical course of this systemic mycosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Data must be analyzed carefully, given that misinterpretation could be generated because most of the available information is based on experimental host–parasite interactions that used inappropriate proceedings, i.e., the non-natural route of infection with the parasitic and virulent fungal yeast-phase, which is not the usual infective phase of the etiological agent of this mycosis.  相似文献   

海滨锦葵块根粉和酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长和免疫的影响     

李蛟龙  徐昊翔  尹茂文  高峰  周光宏 《兽医大学学报》2014,(2):331-334

以断奶仔猪为试验对象,探讨海滨锦葵块根粉和酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长和免疫的影响。64头28日龄断奶仔猪随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂基础日粮添加0．02％复合酶制剂、0．50％和1．00％海滨锦葵块根粉。试验期28d。结果表明,酶制荆和海滨锦葵块根粉对断奶仔猪的日采食量和日增重有提高趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂和海滨锦葵块根粉对断奶仔猪血清中溶菌酶活性无显著影响（P〉0．05）;有降低血清中TNF-Ⅱ含量的趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂可以显著降低IL-6含量（P〈0．05）,海滨锦葵块根粉也降低了IL6含量,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂组、0．50％和1．00％的海滨锦葵块根粉组的猪瘟疫苗抗体效价分别提高了15．27％（P〉0．05）、18．18％（P〉0．05）和5I．64％（P〈0．05）。结果提示,酶制剂与海滨锦葵块根粉对断奶仔猪生长性能有提高趋势,同时也可以提高断奶仔猪的机体免疫力。  相似文献   

黄芪多糖对猪瘟活疫苗免疫应答的佐剂作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杜立中  马霞  刘永录  张国祖 《河南农业科学》2014,(9)

为研究黄芪多糖对猪瘟活疫苗的佐剂作用,分别用0.5％黄芪多糖、疫苗专用稀释液、生理盐水（对照）稀释猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗免疫猪,测定免疫后不同时间段内血清中 IgG 及其亚型IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4和细胞因子IL 2、IL 6的含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,黄芪多糖作为疫苗稀释液可以显著提高血清中IgG及其亚型和细胞因子IL 2、IL 6的含量。与疫苗专用稀释液组相比,在免疫后第7、14、28天,黄芪多糖组IgG含量均提高,分别提高1.6％（P＞0.05）、6.4％（P＜0.05）、7.1％（P＜0.05）,IL 2含量分别提高12.1％（P＜0.05）、2.9％（P＞0.05）、15.3％（P＜0.05）,IL 6含量差异均不显著。表明,黄芪多糖作为疫苗稀释液对猪瘟活疫苗具有良好的佐剂作用。  相似文献   

用生长和非特异性免疫力评定异育银鲫维生素C需要量   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22  

宋学宏 《水产学报》2002,26(4):351-356

用维生素 C(Vc)含量为0～1200mg·kg~(-1)的精制饲料,连续投喂异育银鲫8周后,测定异育银鲫生长速度和非特异性免疫指标。结果表明,在饲料Vc含量达150mg·kg~(-1)时日增重率最大,进一步提高饲料Vc含量,日增重率没有显著变化;饲料Vc含量为75mg·kg~(-1)时头肾指数显著提高,而脾指数不受饲料Vc含量的影响;头肾细胞吞噬活性和A花环率均在Vc含量为300mg·kg~(-1)时达最高水平;而血清溶菌酶活性和总补体活性分别在饲料Vc为300mg·kg~(-1)和600mg·kg~(-1)时达最高值。上述结果表明饲料Vc可显著提高异育银鲫免疫力。鉴于Vc的免疫促进作用,建议在疾病多发季节饲料Vc添加量提高到300mg·kg~(-1)。  相似文献   

Influence of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)     

Andrzej K Siwicki  Zdzis&#;aw Zak&#;&#;  John C Fuller Jr    Steven Nissen  Sylwia Trapkowska  Edward G&#;&#;bski  Agata Kowalska  Krzytof Kazu&#;  & El&#;bieta Terech-Majewska 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(2):127-131

Studies have shown that in both in vitro and in vivo tests, β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) increases the nonspecific cellular and humoral immune response and protection against diseases in animals. The present study examines the influence of HMB on nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate was fed in a pelleted ration of 50 mg kg^?1 feed day^?1 for 4 weeks. Blood was drawn from 12 HMB‐fed and control‐fed pikeperch. The lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activities in the plasma, total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, and total serum protein were analysed prior to and then after 2 and 4 weeks of HMB ingestion. After 4 weeks of HMB ingestion, a challenge test was performed by injecting the fish with live pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria. β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate at a dose of 50 mg kg^?1 feed resulted in a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in the lysozyme activity of the plasma, total Ig, and serum protein levels. Additionally, reduced mortality (40%) after the in vivo challenge with pathogenic A. salmonicida suggested that HMB‐activated nonspecific protection against furunculosis in pikeperch.  相似文献