人参黑斑病的研究——Ⅰ.损失调查、病原菌及发病规律   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王崇仁  吴友三  卜增山  刘高生  张纯化 《沈阳农业大学学报》1986,(3)

人参黑斑病可使参根减产0.4～1.6倍;重者达10倍以上。人参黑斑病菌Alternaria panax whetz.原取名西洋参;经测定辽宁的分主孢子尺度明显偏大。接种和调查29种杂草,在参场内未见其它奇主.分生孢子萌发的起点温度为1℃±;最适为20～25℃。孢子以在人参叶汁、1％糖水、露水和饱和湿度下萌芽率最高:在蒸馏水、自来水中萌芽率最低;土壤对孢子萌发有强烈抑制作用。病害的侵染来源是分生孢子,以穿透方式侵入,潜育期24～48小时,接种3～6天产生孢子,且病部可反复多次产生,每平方厘米病叶可产孢4,107～51,120个;越冬病叶也可再次产生孢子和造成侵染。孢子没有休眠期,随时可以萌发侵染,但不能为害木质化的茎秆。黑斑病具有小区内局部流行特点。孢子体形大,浮动传播较差,田间菌源的多少与发病成正相关。据辽宁的气象条件,人参产区是黑斑病的长发区。  相似文献   

渤海沉积物中微生物铁还原能力及其影响因素探讨     

陈秦  赵佳佳  曲东  朱超 《农业环境保护》2011,(6):1172-1179

采用恒温厌氧培养实验,以Fe（OH）3为唯一电子受体,通过测定接种不同沉积物提取液后的体系中Fe（Ⅱ）含量变化,研究了渤海沉积物在不同的碳源、温度、厌氧培养时间及pH条件下的铁还原特征。结果表明,从不同水质海区沉积物提取的微生物群落均可以葡萄糖和丙酮酸盐为优势碳源,并迅速还原Fe（Ⅲ）,其利用不同碳源的铁还原能力表现为葡萄糖〉丙酮酸盐〉乳酸盐〉乙酸盐;在不同水质海区之间Fe（Ⅲ）还原程度存在一定差异,Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类水质区域的微生物Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力明显低于Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类水质区域;以葡萄糖和丙酮酸盐作为碳源培养时,在15℃和30℃培养条件下其Fe（Ⅲ）还原反应的活性随着温度的升高而升高,表明微生物在优势碳源下,提高培养温度可促进铁还原反应的效率;淹水时间延长可改变微生物群落结构,促进利用葡萄糖和丙酮酸盐的微生物恢复增长,使Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力增强;微生物群落在pH中性体系条件下Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力最强,随着体系pH值由8.0升高到11.0或pH由6.0降低到3.0,体系中Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力均逐渐降低。  相似文献   

Biochemical composition and kinetics of C and N mineralization of animal wastes: a typological approach     

Thierry Morvan  Bernard Nicolardot  Léonard Péan 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(6):513-522

Forty-seven different animal wastes were characterized using chemical and organic matter fractionation methods (water extraction and Van Soest method) and 224-day incubation studies to assess their decomposition in soil. Simple correlation and multiple factor analysis were performed to establish relationships between the composition of these wastes and C and N mineralization. Carbon and N contents ranged from 101 to 469 mg C kg⁻¹ dry matter (d.m.) and from 4 to 39 mg N kg⁻¹ d.m. Soluble C and N represented less than 9% of organic C and 1.5% of total N at 20°C, respectively. The C fractions soluble at 100°C or in neutral detergent were larger and represented 14 and 32% of the organic C, respectively. The hemicellulose-like (HEM) and cellulose-like (CEL) fractions contained about 16.5 and 6% of the organic N, respectively. The C distribution in the lignin-like (LIG) and CEL fractions was comparable, but the former contained more N. Carbon mineralization varied from 5 to 62% of the organic C added during the 224-day incubation; 70% of the wastes induced net N mineralization at the end of incubation (from 3 to 51% of organic N). Other wastes induced net soil inorganic N immobilization, from −1 to −31% of the organic N added. Most highly significant correlations were established between the C mineralization and the C present in the water-soluble fraction at 20°C, and the HEM and LIG fractions. Relationships between N mineralization and biochemical characteristics were weak, except with the soluble Van Soest fraction, and highly significant correlations were observed between N mineralization rates calculated at 224 days of incubation and the organic N content or C/N ratio of wastes. Finally, an objective hierarchical classification based on composition criteria and C and N mineralization led to the definition of six different classes of wastes. It permitted differentiation between four composted wastes and intrinsically different wastes (i.e., cattle manures, pig manures, and poultry manures) which could not be objectively regrouped. It also placed some very different types of waste (solid phase from pig slurry separation, pig manures, and composted pig mixtures) in the same class.  相似文献   

Evidence that straw does not increase the mobilization of N from decomposing salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh.) leaf litter     

Robert L. Bradley  Frank Grenon 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(1):191-194

We tested whether straw could induce higher N release from decomposing salal leaf litter, which ostensibly interferes with mineralization of N. We mixed forest floor material from two forest types with ¹⁵N-enriched salal leaf litter, and incubated the mixtures 3 years with and without straw amendments. The amounts of N, as well as the relative amounts of ¹⁵N, extracted in five fractions were, respectively, 29-93 and 25-82% lower in straw-amended forest floor. Results suggest that straw diverted microbial decomposition activity away from the more recalcitrant litter fractions. Previous reports of higher mineral-N availability in straw-amended forest floors are best explained by a fertilizer effect of straw as opposed to a ‘priming effect’.  相似文献   

36h睡眠剥夺对雄性小鼠性行为及精子质量的影响     

龙德彪  周锦  徐鑫  郑池乐  周东升 《安徽农业科学》2015,(24):106-107

[目的]研究睡眠剥夺对雄性小鼠性行为及精子活性的影响。[方法]用轻柔刺激法睡眠剥夺昆明雄性小鼠36 h,观察其性行为,通过镜检计算精子活率和精子畸变率。[结果]36 h睡眠剥夺后,捕捉潜伏期极显著升高(P0.01),捕捉次数极显著降低(P0.01)。36 h睡眠剥夺后精子活率显著降低(P0.05),精子畸变率极显著升高(P0.01)。[结论]36 h睡眠剥夺可对雄性小鼠性行为及精子质量产生明显不良影响。  相似文献   

洗卵—对虾育苗防病新技术     

赵增元  孙吉贵 《齐鲁渔业》1994,11(2):39-40

对虾能苗中采取洗卵措施，可减少受精卵表面携带的病毒和细菌，减轻疾病的发生与传播，提高孵化率。洗卵操作简便，很易在生产中实施。  相似文献   

摄食抑制时鹅血浆八肽胆囊收缩素样免疫活性(CCK-8LI)的变化     

赵茹茜  韩正康  张崇理 《南京农业大学学报》1992,(2)

采用放射免疫分析法,测定鹅外周血液中八肽胆囊收缩素样免疫活性(CCK-8LT),观察禁食和抱窝期摄食抑制状态下血浆 CCK-8LI 水平的变化.结果如下:(1)刚饲喂混合精料后,鹅血浆中 CCK-8LI显著升高,为禁食时水平的2.6倍,揭示外周血液中 CCK-8LI 在鹅摄食活动的短期调节中起作用;(2)在持续4周的抱窝期内,母鹅血浆 CCK-8LI 显著低于醒抱后恢复期水平.血浆中 CCK-8LI 是否参与鹅抱窝期摄食抑制的调控,有侍进一步研究.  相似文献   

Possible Root Infection of Cercospora beticola in Sugar Beet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jessica Vereijssen  Hans J.H.M. Schneider  Aad A.J. Termorshuizen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(1):103-106

A potential primary infection site of the foliar pathogen Cercospora beticola in sugar beet is described. Sugar beet seedlings of the susceptible cv. Auris were grown in a standard soil for 14 days. A monoconidial culture of a C. beticola isolate was grown to produce conidia. In experiment 1, roots were immersed in a conidial suspension of isolate code IRS 00-4, or in tap water (control), for 2 days. After incubation seedlings were potted in a peat – fine river sand mixture and placed at low relative humidity (RH) (<80%) or high RH (100%). Twelve days after infection, seedlings at high RH showed more disease incidence (90%) than seedlings grown at low RH (disease incidence = 25%), whereas no disease symptoms developed in the control seedlings. Cercospora leaf spots (CLSs) developed on the cotyledons, leaves, petioles and stems of the seedlings. In experiment 2, roots were immersed in a conidial suspension of isolate code IRS 00-2 for 5 h. Thirty-four days after infection at high RH, 100% disease incidence was observed in the treated seedlings and one CLS in the control treatment. First indications of leaf spot development were observed as reddish purple discolouration of individual parenchymatic cells. Because splash dispersal and symptoms due to infested soil were excluded, we showed that it is possible to obtain CLS symptoms in sugar beet seedlings when their roots were immersed in conidial suspensions of C. beticola, thus demonstrating that roots can be a primary infection site.  相似文献   

大鳞副泥鳅人工繁殖技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑玉珍  王玉新  王锡荣  钟君伟  王进福  吕宝玉 《山东农业科学》2012,44(12):97-99

用专塘培育大鳞副泥鳅亲鳅,采用人工催情注射、产卵、授精,水泥池网箱孵化、培育等方法,催产大鳞副泥鳅5 200组,人工繁殖受精率和孵化率均在70%以上,繁育大鳞副泥鳅鳅苗2 600万尾。  相似文献   

溴隐亭和克罗米芬对乌鸡生殖激素水平及产蛋性能的影响     

范佳英  邓红雨  黄炎坤 《西北农业学报》2012,21(1):35-28

研究溴隐亭和克罗米芬对乌鸡血液中生殖激素水平、就巢时间和产蛋性能的影响。将36只就巢的丝羽乌鸡随机分成3组,Ⅰ组为对照组;Ⅱ组第1～2天每只口服溴隐亭1.25mg/d,第3～7天每只口服克罗米芬12.5mg/d;Ⅲ组第1～2天每只口服溴隐亭0.625mg/d,第3～4天每只口服溴隐亭1.25mg/d,第5～6天每只口服克罗米芬25mg/d,第7天每只口服克罗米芬12.5mg。试验结果表明,Ⅱ组血液中雌激素水平显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血液中雌激素水平极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.01);Ⅰ组平均就巢时间最长,为8.58d,Ⅱ组为6.67d,Ⅲ组为6.83d;Ⅰ～Ⅲ组处理后1个月内的平均产蛋率分别为37.72%、59.65%和53.51%,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的产蛋率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3个组的平均蛋质量分别为43.86、44.65和44.16g,蛋形指数分别为1.306、1.312和1.323,蛋壳厚度分别为0.327、0.338和0.332mm,溴隐亭和克罗米芬对后3项指标的作用效果差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献