Effects of mechanical stress in under-sized clams, Tapes philippinarum: a laboratory approach     

M.G. Marin  V. Moschino  F. Meneghetti  L. Da Ros 《Aquaculture International》2005,13(1-2):75-88

The present study is a first attempt at evaluating the effects of repeated disturbance, such as that caused by mechanical fishing systems, on the target species, Tapes philippinarum, intensively exploited in the Lagoon of Venice (North-East Italy). In particular, in free-access fishing grounds, detrimental effects of dredging may be suffered by under-sized clams, which are disturbed by fishing tools many times throughout their lives before they are collected. Similar mechanical stress conditions are experienced by T. philippinarum in licensed areas, where they are farmed in aquaculture conditions and undergo the harmful impact of hydraulic dredging. To evaluate the effects of short-term mechanical stress, under-sized clams were subjected to experimental shaking in the laboratory, and detrimental effects on their well-being were investigated by applying the biomarker approach. Changes in physiological, biochemical and behavioural responses were evaluated by determining scope for growth, adenylate energy charge, survival in air time, reburrowing time, and shell damage level. Responses highlighted general worsening in clam condition as mechanical stress increased. Among the various measurements, survival in air and reburrowing time appeared particularly suitable as indices, their responsiveness and applicability suggesting their use in assessing mechanical stress due to dredging in field conditions.  相似文献   

中药对热应激蛋鸡外周血中主要离子和酶类浓度的影响(英文)     

高桂生  史秋梅  沈萍  刘欢  邢超  张雪莲  高光平  张艳英 《农业科学与技术》2014,15(12):2171-2174

[目的]研究中药对蛋鸡在热应激条件下血液生化指标的影响,以期为临床应用提供理论和实际的依据。[方法]将100只88日龄的伊莎褐蛋鸡随机分成五组,分别设为中药方一组,中药方二组,VC对照组,热应激空白组和常温对照组。将中药方一组,中药方二组,VC对照组和热应激空白组蛋鸡置于人工制造的热应激环境下,常温对照组蛋鸡置于正常的温度条件下,分4批不同时间宰杀抽血取样,观察各组每批蛋鸡组间血液生化指标情况。[结果 ]高温时蛋鸡血钠(Na),血磷(P),血钾(K)和血氯(Cl)含量分别降低,而丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及肌酸激酶(CK)均上升,使用中药后,各生化指标逐渐趋于正常。[结论 ]抗热应激中药可以从各种离子和酶类不同代谢途径来缓解热应激对蛋鸡血液生理生化指标所造成的不利影响。  相似文献   

有机肥不同施用时间和种类对烤烟病害及几个生理指标的影响     

羊小洪  高立  赵剑华 《安徽农业科学》2014,(24):8167-8169

[目的]探讨不同烤烟耕作制度下养分循环及投入和携出量的变化规律.[方法]通过田间试验研究了不同种类有机肥（腐熟猪粪、菜籽饼和腐熟秸秆）及施用时间对烟草花叶病和赤星病发病情况及可溶性糖、淀粉、酚、类黄酮和叶绿素的影响.[结果]当季秸秆与对照相比有效降低了烟草花叶病和赤星病的发病率和病情指数;前作施用猪粪和秸秆明显提高了烟叶中的总酚,当季施用饼肥则可降低类黄酮的含量;当季施用有机肥处理淀粉含量高于前作施用,移栽后90d,前作可溶性糖含量下降幅度大于当季;中上部叶片叶绿素含量以前作猪粪和前作秸秆较高.[结论]为植烟土壤养分资源的统筹提供了参考.  相似文献   

地下水埋深对玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘战东  ;刘祖贵  ;俞建河  ;南纪琴  ;秦安振  ;肖俊夫 《排灌机械》2014,(7):617-624

为研究地下水埋深对作物的生长发育及水分利用的影响,选择具有代表性的夏玉米为研究对象,借助地中渗透仪,通过人工控制设置不同地下水埋深（分别设置0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0和1.2 m）,探讨地下水埋深对不同生育期夏玉米的形态指标、产量、耗水量及地下水补给量的影响,分析不同地下水埋深条件下水分利用率差异.结果表明：地下水埋深对玉米株高的影响不具有统计学意义,而地下水埋深过浅或过深均会明显抑制植株叶面积指数和茎粗的增长（P〈0.05）,地下水埋深0.4 m时叶面积指数和茎粗最大.随作物生育进程,根系数量和根系干质量随地下水埋深增大,先减小后增大.玉米灌浆前,单株根系伤流量随地下水埋深增大而增大,而灌浆前后则无显著影响.地下水位埋深过深或过浅均影响穗长、秃尖长、穗粒数、百粒质量及经济产量.分析表明,0.53 m为当地玉米产量最优地下水位埋深.玉米生长期内0~80 cm土层土壤含水量随着地下水埋深增大而降低,同一地下水埋深处理玉米生育期内土壤含水量变化幅度较小.夏玉米全生育期耗水量、阶段耗水量及耗水强度随地下水位埋深增大而直线减少,回归方程在P〈0.01水平下具有统计学意义;同样夏玉米全生育期地下水补给量、阶段地下水补给量及地下水补给强度随地下水位埋深增大而直线减少,回归方程在P〈0.01水平下也具有统计学意义.玉米水分利用率随地下水埋深增大而增大,地下水埋深1.2 m处理水分利用率最高.研究成果对江淮丘陵区地下水资源利用及评价、玉米高产高效灌溉制度的制订具有实际意义.  相似文献   

春尺蠖卵块在柠条林的空间分布格局     

贾彦霞  王新谱  秦伟春  施兴文  田会刚  张苗 《农业科学研究》2014,(3)

对春尺蠖( Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff )卵块空间分布格局进行测定,应用平均拥挤度指标、扩散指数等5种聚集度指标以及Iwao 等2种回归模型法对春尺蠖卵块的空间分布型进行分析和检验,并根据Iwao模型参数建立春尺蠖卵块的理论抽样数模型及防治界限。结果表明：春尺蠖卵块在罗山柠条林呈聚集分布特征,分布的基本单位是个体群。引起聚集的原因主要是春尺蠖的自身习性,与环境因素也有一定关系。  相似文献   

限食以及再充分投喂对鲻鱼血液生化指标的影响     

殷帅文  林学群  陈洁辉 《水产科学》2007,26(4):187-190

2001年12月—2002年3月,水温为19~24℃,对鲻鱼[初始体重:(204.42±23.13)g]进行了不同时间的限食处理后再充分投喂的恢复生长试验。试验设定2种投喂方式,对照组(饱食组)在试验期间正常投喂;限食组(半饱组)在限食期投喂量为饱食组的1/2,重喂期则恢复投喂。试验期为8周。分别在限食期的第0、1、2、4周和重喂期第1、2、4周取样,每次6条鱼。试验结果表明:限食状态下,鲻鱼半饱组血糖、血脂和血浆蛋白含量均显著降低;再充分投喂后,各血液生化指标均恢复到对照组水平。鲻鱼限食4周后,在4个星期的恢复生长过程中产生了显著的补偿效应。  相似文献   

饥饿对黑鲷(Sparus macroephalus)血液指标的影响     

陈晓鹏 《水产科技》2008,35(4)

本文对饥饿两周的黑鲷血液的若干细胞学指标与生化指标进行测定，并把饥饿组与正常组的血液指标进行比较分析。分析结果表明，饥饿对黑鲷许多血液指标都有较明显的影Ⅱ向。本文的研究旨在丰富鱼类血液学的基础知识，并为鱼类养殖实践当中从血液学指标角度判断鱼类营养状态提供理论基础。  相似文献   

不同施肥处理对湿加松早期生长及感病指数的影响     

李文周 《亚热带农业研究》2011,7(3):152-155

调查了福建省德化葛坑国有林场4种不同施肥处理后,2、3、4年生湿加松树高、胸（地）径和病害指数变化情况。结果表明,（1）不同施肥处理对湿加松早期树高、胸（地）径和松感病指数均产生显著影响,各生长年度树高、胸（地）径生长大小依次为：施氮磷钾复合肥与硼砂〉施氮磷肥与硼砂〉施氮磷肥〉对照（不施肥）,而感病指数大小则为：对照（...  相似文献   

Effect of Different Dietary Nutrition Levels on Fattening Effect of Holstein Bulls     

LI Xiao-meng  LI Qiu-feng  CAO Yu-feng  YU Chun-qi  LI Jian-guo  GAO Yan-xia 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(7):1705-1710

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different dietary nutrition levels on fattening effect of Holstein bulls.48 4-month-old Holstein bulls with an average body weight of 128 kg were allocated into two groups,group Ⅰ was fed a low nutrition level diet,group Ⅱ was fed a high nutrition level diet.Each group had 24 Holstein bulls.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 245 days.The results showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the ADG in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 6.36% (P<0.01),while the F/G in group Ⅱ was decreased by 6.55%.With the increasing of dietary nutrition levels,the apparent digestibility of CP,EE,NDF,ADF,Ca and P were rising,but there was no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the serum GLU,AST,ALT and GH contents in group Ⅱ were increased by 12.52%,12.85%,9.68% and 13.24% (P<0.05),respectively,while the serum BUN content in group Ⅱ was decreased by 10.98% (P<0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the feeding profits of group Ⅱ increased by 1.37 yuan/(head·day),the total economic benefit of group Ⅱ increased by 335.65 yuan/head.In conclusion,the improvement of dietary nutrition levels could improve the fattening performance and the economic benefit of Holstein bulls.  相似文献   

Effect of Fermented Chinese Medicine Preparation by Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Biochemical Indices,Antioxidant Parameters and Ability of Anti-infection of Common Carp     

ZHAO Qian  CHEN Yu-chun  GAO Xu-na  GUO Ting-ting  WANG Bing  GU Wei 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(3):724-731

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and ability of anti-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila by adding the fermented Chinese medicine by Bacillus Subtilis to the carp fish feed, and to find out the appropriate supplemental level of fermented Chinese medicine in diets. Carp fingerling with an initial body weight of (35±0.5) g were set up to 6 experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.1‰, 0.5‰, 1‰, 2‰ and 3‰ fermented Chinese medicine for 56 days, respectively. Each group had 30 fish and set up 3 repetitions. After the feeding trail,the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to calculate the relative percentage survival (RPS).The results showed as follows:Supplementing fermented traditional Chinese medicine by Bacillus subtilis, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), the activities of lysozyme (LSZ), complement 3 (C3),total protein (TP),total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum of common carp were enhanced at different degrees, while the feed coefficient (FCR)and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were declined at different degrees.When the fermented Chinese medicine supplemental levels were 2‰ and 3‰,the effects were significant (P<0.05)(except for C3, ALP and Cr).The experimental results of the virulence of common carp infected with pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila showed that,the fermented herbal could obviously improve the ability of anti-infection, the immune protective rate of the group with 2‰, 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine could reach 77.23% and 74.63%, respectively. From what had been discussed above, the group with 2‰ and 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine had significant effect on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila anti-infection ability. Considering the cost of adding fermented Chinese medicine, the recommendations for the best additive quantity was 2‰.  相似文献