The pond's shape matters: differential growth,physiological condition and survival of epibenthic Farfantepenaeus aztecus postlarvae     

Ella Vázquez‐Domínguez  Andrea Bolongaro‐Crevenna  Adolfo Sánchez  Carlos Rosas 《Aquaculture Research》2008,40(1):91-102

As a function of the water quality provided by square, circular and oval experimental ponds, the growth, survival and oxygen requirements in epibenthic postlarvae of Farfantepenaeus aztecus were analysed in relation to their routine metabolism and apparent heat increment. Temperature, oxygen concentration, pH and salinity were measured daily in two experimental ponds of each shape. The postlarvae oxygen consumption during two 24‐h cycles, their growth, physiological condition and survival and the productivity in the ponds were estimated. Low values of pH, oxygen concentration and phytobenthos productivity, and reduced postlarvae relative growth and survival were observed in the square ponds. We suggest that the latter results from a deficient water circulation related to the effect of the pond's shape on dissolved oxygen levels and, consequently, on growth and survival. The postlarvae routine metabolism, including feeding, varied between 1.91 and 2.25 mg O₂ h^?1 g^?1 wet weight, whereas the minimum oxygen concentration needed in the ponds is approximately 4.25 mg O₂ L^?1. These conditions were achieved in the oval ponds concurrent with higher survival and growth values, in which individuals distributed randomly, for which we suggest that oval‐shaped ponds could be the most adequate for the culture of this and other penaeid species.  相似文献   

北方半湿润滨海地区海水养殖废水灌溉菊芋研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵耕毛  刘兆普  张博  王建绪 《灌溉排水学报》2009,28(2)

2007年3~10月,在山东莱州海洋863中试基地,研究了海水养殖废水灌溉条件下,耐盐能源植物菊芋的盐胁迫响应以及对氮、磷的吸收利用机制。结果表明:海水养殖废水灌溉条件下,菊芋地上部生物量(茎、叶)随着灌溉水盐度(S)的增加明显下降,盐度为9.46 g/L的养殖废水处理生物量仅为淡水处理(CK2)的62.5%;地下部生物量(根、块茎)与盐度之间的关系符合一元二次方程曲线,且当盐度为3.83 g/L时,地下部生物量取得最大值(0.205 kg/株)。养殖废水处理菊芋地上部氮浓度明显低于淡水处理,地下部则各灌溉水处理间氮浓度没有明显差异;磷浓度地上部各灌溉水处理间没有明显差异,但地下部养殖废水灌溉处理明显高于淡水处理,表明海水养殖废水灌溉可以促进菊芋对磷的吸收,但氮利用受到显著影响。通过氮、磷通量计算,进一步证实了这一结果。  相似文献   

Changes in epidemiological patterns of sea lice infestation on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland between 1996 and 2006   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Lees F  Gettinby G  Revie CW 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(4):259-268

Analyses of a unique database containing sea lice records over an 11 year period provide evidence of changing infestation patterns in Scotland. The data, collected from more than 50 commercial Atlantic salmon farms, indicate that both species of sea lice commonly found in Scotland, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus, have declined on farms over the past decade. Reductions for both species have been particularly marked since 2001 when more effective veterinary medicines became available. Treatment data were also available in the database and these show a growing trend towards the use of the in-feed medication emamectin benzoate (Slice), particularly in the first year of the salmon production cycle. However, this trend towards single product use has not been sustained in 2006, the latest year for which data are available. There is some evidence of region to region variation within Scotland with the Western Isles experiencing higher levels of infestation. However, compared to the levels observed between 1996 and 2000, all regions have benefited from reduced lice infestation, with the overall pattern showing a particular reduction in the second and third quarters of the second year of production.  相似文献   

Mutualism between euryhaline tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii and Chlorella sp.—Implications for nano-algal production in warmwater phytoplankton-based recirculating systems     

Sylvain Gilles  Grard Lacroix  Daniel Corbin  Ngansoumana B  Carla Ibaez Luna  Jacob Nandjui  Allassane Ouattara  Oussni Oudraogo  Xavier Lazzaro 《Aquacultural Engineering》2008,39(2-3):113-121

The West-African euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii shift from visually feeding on zooplankton when juveniles to mostly filter feeding on phytoplankton when adults. When reared using an appropriate ration in intensive aquaculture systems, S. m. heudelotii also consume algal-based detritus, and contribute to sediment mineralization, clean up their environment, and ultimately stimulate and sustain algal growth. We analysed such practical advantages for phytoplankton-based recirculating systems, using S. m. heudelotii and Chlorella sp. as biological material originating from the prototype of such a system operated in Senegal. We performed a 24-h factorial design experiment in 36 tubs, cross-classifying three levels of S. m. heudelotii (fishless control, unfed fish, and fed fish) with four levels of Chlorella initial density.Chlorella overall mean density increased significantly from fishless, to unfed fish, and fed fish treatments, and with Chlorella initial density. S. m. heudelotii did not alter nitrogen nor phosphorus concentrations, only affected by algal initial densities. Most ammonia excreted by fish was probably uptaken by Chlorella. Bacteria-mediated diurnal nitrification was possibly an alternative ammonium loss mechanism at highest oxygen concentrations. Algae were not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus but most likely by low dissolved organic carbon availability. Chlorella differential responses with fed vs. unfed Sarotherodon suggest that CO₂ supplied by heterotrophic S. m. heudelotii respiration played a key role. Observed Chlorella growth rates were similar to the highest rates obtained in algal mass cultures, enriched with CO₂, nitrate and phosphate, under artificial lighting.Our results suggest the existence of a Sarotherodon-Chlorella mutualism in our systems, where S. m. heudelotii provide CO₂, the major limiting factor of Chlorella growth, whereas Chlorella oxygenate and detoxify the water media from ammonia, promoting S. m. heudelotii production. This mutualism could be used to optimize photosynthetic suspended-growth aquaculture systems, particularly in the Tropics where light is abundant and temperature is continuously high.  相似文献   

产粮大省玉米秸秆综合利用的困局与对策研究     

梁武  聂英 《玉米科学》2017,25(4):105-110

农作物秸秆作为"另一半农业",是一种重要的可供开发和综合利用的生物质资源。以吉林省2005~2014年间玉米产量为基础,测算出吉林省玉米秸秆理论资源量和可收集量,对该地区玉米秸秆综合利用途径现状和障碍因素进行简要评价。促使玉米秸秆综合利用得到更好的发展应该重视宣传引导,努力转变农民对秸秆综合利用的认识;加大政府财政支持力度,优化机制;建立秸秆技术研发体系,促进产业发展,以项目带动产业发展规模化;搞好示范推广作用,积极挖掘秸秆文化产业等。  相似文献   

扬州市稻田高效种养模式应用现状及发展对策     

姚义  谢成林  陆佩玲  王汝利  李锦霞 《中国稻米》2017,(5):28-31

近年来,扬州市根据国家农业供给侧结构性调整要求,充分利用自然资源禀赋,开展了多种形式稻田种养模式的示范与推广。本文阐述了扬州市稻鸭共作、稻虾共作以及稻田改作荷藕-虾共作等高效种养模式的应用现状,以单纯种稻为对照,比较了各种模式的生产效益;分析了稻田高效种养模式示范推广过程中存在的主要问题,并提出了促进稻田高效种养模式可持续发展的若干对策。  相似文献   

有色黏虫板对柑橘木虱的监测及防治研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许炜明  李翌菡  张盛  沈祖乐  邱宝利 《热带作物学报》2017,(1):183-188

柑橘黄龙病是柑橘生产中的重大病害,随着其在全球范围内的传播蔓延,该病已成为近年来柑橘生产和研究中普遍关注的热点。柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)是传播柑橘黄龙病菌(Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus)的主要虫媒,对柑橘木虱种群的准确监测与有效防控是控制柑橘木虱传播黄龙病的关键所在。有色黏虫板是一种利用昆虫趋色性,对小型飞行昆虫进行监测与诱杀的重要物理防治手段。有色黏虫板同样适用于监测和诱捕柑橘木虱,但黏虫板的颜色、光源、气候条件、悬挂黏虫板的植物种类及其挥发性信息化合物成分等都会影响黏虫板对柑橘木虱的诱集效果。本文在综合国内外柑橘木虱防控技术的基础上,将近年来利用有色黏虫板,监测与防控柑橘木虱的最新进展进行综述,并对有色黏虫板的发展前景给予展望。  相似文献   

基于GA-BP神经网络的池塘养殖水温短期预测系统   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈英义  程倩倩  成艳君  于辉辉  张超 《农业机械学报》2017,48(8):172-178

为解决传统的水温小样本非实时预测方法预测精度低、鲁棒性差等问题,基于物联网实时数据,提出了遗传算法(GA)优化BP神经网络的池塘养殖水温短期预测方法,并在此基础上设计开发了池塘养殖水温预测系统,首先采用主成分分析法筛选出影响池塘水温的关键影响因子,减少输入元素;然后使用遗传算法对初始权重和阈值进行优化,获取最优参数并构建了基于BP神经网络的水温预测模型;最后采用Java语言开发了基于B/S体系结构的预测系统。该系统在江苏省宜兴市河蟹养殖池塘进行了预测验证。结果表明:该系统在短期的水温预测中具有准确的预测效果,与传统的BP神经网络算法相比,研究内容评价指标平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均绝对百分误差(MAPE)和误差均方根(MSE)分别为0.196 8、0.007 9和0.059 2,均优于单一BP神经网络预测,可满足实际的养殖池塘水温管理需要。  相似文献   

智能光纤浊度传感器设计与试验     

位耀光  张力彩  李道亮 《农业机械学报》2017,48(S1):199-204

浊度是指水体中悬浮颗粒的含量,在水产养殖中,悬浮颗粒由大量的细菌、病原体组成,颗粒物浓度过大,易危害水生动物的生存。传统的浊度检测技术易受环境光、色度、温度等因素的影响,稳定性差、精度低。为此设计了基于IEEE1451.2的智能光纤浊度传感器,该传感器由光学检测模块、信号变送模块、智能处理模块组成。光学检测模块采用880nm红外发光二极管作为光源,采用90°散射光检测法,有效降低了色度对浊度检测的影响。信号变送模块采用正向比例积分电路、I/V转换、滤波、检波电路对采集到的散射光电流信号进行处理,得到一个线性关系良好的直流浊度电压信号。为了提高传感器的精确度,设计了基于IEEE1451.2的智能处理模块,构建了温度补偿算法,采用校正TEDS参数完成对浊度的温度补偿,提高了浊度测量的准确度。对传感器性能进行测试试验,结果表明传感器准确度误差在±1.5%以内,稳定性误差在±1.0%以内,满足水产养殖对光纤浊度传感器的需求,具有较高的可靠性。  相似文献   

船载摇摆胁迫对斑石鲷血液生化指标的影响研究     

张宇雷  管崇武 《中国农学通报》2017,33(29):145-149

为了探索鱼类在船载摇摆条件下的应激响应和适应性,为深远海大型养殖平台养殖工艺设计与模式构建提供基础数据和理论依据,利用机械摇摆台模拟船载工况,研究了不同摇摆周期和时间条件下斑石鲷的血液生化指标变化情况。结果表明:(1)短时间摇摆条件下(5 min),摇摆周期10 s组的斑石鲷与空白组无显著性差异;摇摆周期5 s组的斑石鲷血清葡萄糖显著降低、皮质醇和肾上腺素指标显著升高、肌糖原和肝糖原无显著差异。(2)长时间摇摆条件下(60 min),摇摆周期5 s组和10 s组之间斑石鲷无显著性差异。但是,与空白组相比,血清葡萄糖指标均显著降低,皮质醇和肾上腺素指标也均显著升高,肌糖原和肝糖原指标无显著差异。(3)水质变化情况显示,摇摆60 min对于水温、盐度、pH、溶解氧、氨氮等的影响不显著。根据试验结果认为,短期小幅摇摆对斑石鲷不会造成较大影响,而大幅度剧烈摇摆会引起斑石鲷一定程度的应激反应。  相似文献