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41.
Some characteristics of the species complex Pennisetum section Brevivalvula are polyploidy and apomixis. Four euploidy levels
(x = 9) were assessed by DAPI-flow cytometry for 304 plants of the section, distributed among five species: P. hordeoides
(2n = 36, 54), P. pedicellatum (2n = 36, 45, 54), P. polystachion (2n = 18, 36, 45, 54), P. setosum (2n = 54), and P. subangustum
(2n = 18, 36, 54). The geographical distribution of the ploidy levels seems to be related to major ecological zones of West
Africa. The hilly regions displayed a higher ploidy diversity than the others; diploid populations of the annual species P.
polystachion and P. subangustum were found. Genotypic variation expressed by isozyme polymorphism did not show any significant
difference between the diploid, sexual populations and the polyploid, apomictic populations of these two species.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
42.
Summary Electrophoretic variants of peroxidase in mulberry (Morus spp.) were demonstrated by thin-layer gel isoelectric focusing. Of these variants, three isozyme band groups were found to be controlled by codominant alleles at a single locus. The gene symbol Px
1 was given to this locus, with alleles Px
1
1 and Px
1
2 assigned to the A6-A7-A8 and A7-A8-A9 band groups, respectively. The A6-A7-A8-A9 band group proved to be controlled by the Px
1
1 and Px
1
2 heterozygote.Additional experiments showed that among the three banding types, there were no statistically significant differences in leaf blade length, leaf blade width, length-width ratio of leaf blade, internode length, phyllotaxis, leaf shape, tree vigor and resistance to powdery mildew, but there were significant differences in leafstalk length. 相似文献
43.
Summary We have succeeded in producing useful interspecific hybrid using ovule-embryo culture between Gypsophila paniculata L. Red Sea and G. manginii, an incompatible combination by ordinary cross breeding methods. The hybrid plant had double flowers with a color of pale purplish pink. Hybrid characteristics of the plant were firmed by observation of plant form, flower type, chromosome number and peroxidase isozyme patterns. 相似文献
44.
Summary The segregation of 12 heterozygous isozyme markers was analyzed among F2 plants and 51 anther culture (AC)-derived lines obtained from the japonica × indica cross of rice, IRAT 177 × Apura. All the lines except two were homozygous products of recombination of the two parental phenotypes. Doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from plants regenerated from the same callus were identical, confirming previously obtained results in rice. Surprisingly, some lines derived from different calli were also identical, suggesting a phenomenon of early callus fragmentation. All these observations at the isozyme level were confirmed by field evaluation. Deviations of segregations from the expected 1 : 1 ratio were observed at 4 loci among the DH lines. Among these, two were also noted among the F2 plants. The two other distortions, both in favor of the japonica allele, were observed specifically in the AC-derived materials.Although this concerns a small proportion of the genes under study, it suggests that the embryogenic microsporal population does not represent a random gametic array. On the other hand, evaluation of recombination between isozyme genes located on chromosome 6 appears consistent with F2 data and data previously recorded on the other japonica × indica crosses. The potential use of isozymes in breeding doubled haploids derived from remote crosses in rice is discussed.Abbreviations MCPA =
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA =
indolacetic acid
- AC plant or line =
anther culture-derived plant or line
- DH line =
doubled haploid line 相似文献
45.
Summary We report on the inheritance of 11 morphological markers and 17 isozymes in lentil (Lens culinaris). The monogenic inheritance of 11 morphological markers and 11 isozymes is confirmed. The inheritance of six isozymes (Aco-2, Enp, Est-3, Est-4, Lap-3, and Mdh-m) is reported for the first time in lentil. This brings the total number of described genes in lentil to 78. Cases of disturbed segregation were more frequent than expected by chance. It is suggested that disturbed segregation was in most cases caused by linkage with a piece of chromosome that showed preferential elimination in crosses between Lens culinaris ssp. odemensis and other subspecies. The prevalence of disturbed segregation in crosses with Lens culinaris ssp. odemensis could limit the usefulness of this subspecies in genetic and linkage studies. 相似文献
46.
Summary The segregation of interspecific recombinant Festuca pratensis (Fp) alleles, introgressed into the germolasm of Lolium multiflorum (Lm), at four loci (PGI/2, AcP/2, GOT/3 and BAP) is described. Heterozygous (Lm/Fp) plants were backcrossed to L. multiflorum (2n=2×=14) and subsequent BC2 Lm/Fp sibling genotypes intercrossed.In crosses between BC1 heterozygous plants (Lm/Fp) used as males and L. multiflorum, there was a reduced transmission of the F. pratensis (Donor Parent) derived alleles in the populations with PGI/2 and AcP/2 marker loci compared to the reciprocal cross but the reduction was not significantly different in those with GOT/3 and BAP markers.Two PGI/2 marked BC2 half-sib families in particular exhibited a more extreme deficiency of Fp/Fp progeny plants than anticipated from the BC2 segregations indicating possible linkage to zygotic lethals. Deficiencies of F. pratensis alleles were, in most cases, less marked in BC2 half-sib families indicating that a further round of recombination had reduced the size of the introgressed chromosome segment or that deleterious linkages had been broken. A tendency towards heterozygote advantage was found in one BAP marked halfsib family.The significance for forage grass breeding of reduced transmission rates of Donor Parent alleles in early back-cross generations especially through the male gametes is discussed. 相似文献
47.
用聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳,分析了不同血统和化性的九个品种的家蚕(Bombyxmori)血淋巴酯酶同工酶(EST).结果表明,所有的品种五龄盛食期幼虫都呈现相似的酶谱,可区分为四个区带(ESTⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ),共出现18条带,带的数目和酶活强度随品种而异.在五个品种中的Ⅲ-3及四个品种中的Ⅱ-2出现了伴性现象,Ⅲ-3伴随雄性、Ⅱ-2伴随雌性出现. 相似文献
48.
Summary Four leaf enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), peroxidase (PX) and aspartate aminotransferase
(AAT) of 17 walnut cultivars and two pollen enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD)
of 15 walnut cultivars were analysed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Walnut cultivars of different origin exhibited
different numbers of electrophoretic bands and also different relative mobility. Different activity levels and phenotypic
groups were detected in studied enzyme systems. Pollen enzymes revealed higher variability than enzymes extracted from the
leaves. 15 walnut cultivars were classified into 10 malate dehydrogenase phenotypic groups and 14 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
phenotypic groups based on pollen analyses. 17 cultivars were classified into 9 peroxidase phenotypic groups and 7 6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase phenotypic groups based on analyses of leaves. All of the 15 walnut cultivars could be identified and distinguished
with electrophoretic analyses of MDH and 6PGD from the pollen while only 10 cultivars were distinguishable with analyses of
6PGD and PRX from the leaves. No variability useful for cultivar identification was observed in MDH and AAT from the leaves. 相似文献
49.
A suitable electrophoretic separation method for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). malate dehydrogenase (MDH). and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) from P. lunatus has been developed. Two loci (Adh-2 and Pgm-2) showed codominant inheritance and fitted Mendelian ratio. ADH isozyme banding patterns indicate a dimeric quaternary structure. while those of PGM were in agreement with a monomeric nature. The cytoplasmic location of two MDH isozymes (Mdh-1 and Mdh-2) selectively inactivated by homogenization in an ascorbic acid solution was demonstrated. However. distorted ratios were observed for Mdh-2 segregation. On the basis of MDH isozyme banding patterns observed in five progeny families, il is suggested that this enzyme system is a dimeric protein encoded by at least three codominant genes (Mdh-1 .Mdh-2 and Mdh-3). Joint segregation tests between pairs of segregating loci (Adh-2, Mdh-2, and Pgm-2) indicated that each of them is inherited independently. 相似文献
50.
Summary Shallot and wakegi were collected in the main islands of Indonesia, and in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh. Five isozyme resolutions, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glutamate oxaloacetate (GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), esterase (EST) and peroxidase (POX) were employed for demonstrating inter-and intraspecific differences. A dendrogram separated 189 collected accessions into 25 types of wakegi onion and 18 types of shallot. All accessions of Japan, Korea and Taiwan were determined to be wakegi onion, whereas those of Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand were shallot. Twenty-six out of 165 Indonesian accessions indicated wakegi onion distribution in Sumatra, West Java province and in Sulawesi Island. This confirmed that there is mixed-cultivation of the two Allium species with no distinction made between them. Japan and Indonesia had respectively 12 and eight unique types of wakegi onion, while Korea had only one type. West Java showed the most various type of wakegi onion, whereas East Java had many types of shallot. Shallots collected from Bangladesh were distinetly different from those of South East Asian types. 相似文献