Methane emissions and δ13C composition from beef steers consuming increasing proportions of sericea lespedeza hay on bermudagrass hay diets     

Flavia O S van Cleef  Jos C B Dubeux  Jr.  Harley D Naumann  Erick R S Santos  Lynn E Sollenberger  Joo M B Vendramini  Martin Ruiz-Moreno  Francine M Ciriaco  Nicolas DiLorenzo 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of ‘Au Grazer’ sericea lespedeza [SL, Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don], a legume rich in condensed tannins (CT), on nutrient intake and digestibility, and to estimate methane (CH₄) emissions and ¹³C isotopic composition (δ¹³C_CH4) from beef steers consuming a forage-based diet. Twenty-five Angus-crossbred steers were distributed in a randomized complete block design (344 ± 48 kg initial BW), and randomly assigned to one of five treatments: 0SL, 25SL, 50SL, 75SL, and 100SL, diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of SL hay, respectively, mixed with ‘Tifton-85’ bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). The study was carried out for two experimental periods of 21-d each. The statistical model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effects of block, experimental period, and their interaction. Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber was linearly decreased (P < 0.001) by the inclusion of SL. No effects were observed for total CH₄ emissions per day, nor for CH₄ relative to organic matter intake or digestible organic matter with the inclusion of SL. However, emission of CH₄ in relation to intake of CT was affected by treatment (P < 0.001). A linear (P < 0.001) decrease and a quadratic effect (P < 0.001) were observed for δ¹³C of diets and gas, respectively, in which diets and enteric CH₄ with greater inclusion of SL were more depleted in ¹³C. Moreover, the difference in δ¹³C between diets and gas (Δδ¹³C) had a linear decrease (P = 0.001) with the inclusion of SL. The model developed to predict the C₃ proportions in the enteric CH₄ fitted to predicted values (P < 0.0001). Therefore, greater proportions of SL resulted in lesser CH₄ emission when CT intake was considered and the isotopic composition from enteric CH₄ was able to predict the contribution of SL in the emissions.  相似文献   

豆科植物结瘤自调控分子机制研究进展     

张雪  邱丽娟  阎哲 《土壤与作物》2022,(1):1-9

豆科植物通过与土壤中的根瘤菌共生发育形成根瘤,在根瘤中根瘤菌可以将空气中氮气转化成植物可以直接利用的铵态氮.共生过程中为了平衡氮素的摄取和能量的损耗,豆科植物形成了地上与地下信号交互的结瘤自调控机制(Auto-regulation of nodulation,AON),进而调节结瘤的数量.本文综述了AON分子调控机制近...  相似文献   

全周期种植模式胶园土壤养分和微生物量碳分布特性     

黄坚雄  潘剑  周立军  李娟  林位夫 《热带作物学报》2014,34(7):1-4

通过监测传统胶园与全周期种植模式胶园土壤的养分差异,探讨全周期种植方式对胶园土壤养分的影响。结果表明,传统胶园内离树越近的位点,土壤养分含量和微生物量碳越低;除速效磷外,全周期胶园内离树越近的位点,土壤养分含量和微生物量碳越高。总体而言,全周期胶园土壤全氮、无机氮和微生物量碳低于传统胶园,但均没有达到显著差异,而其土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量高于传统胶园,其中速效磷含量达显著差异(P＜0.05)。与传统胶园相比,全周期种植模式主要影响土壤养分和微生物量碳的分布特征,其中土壤速效磷和速效钾含量亦相对较高,其他指标变化较小。  相似文献   

成龄胶园间作不同豆科作物对土壤养分的影响     

李娟  林位夫  周立军  郑定华  陈俊明  黄坚雄  潘剑 《热带作物学报》2014,34(7):5-11

以间作胶园的土壤为材料,以单作胶园土壤为对照,采用土壤常规分析方法分别测定其中的主要营养成分。结果表明,间作的9种豆科作物均不同程度的降低了胶园土壤的有机质、全氮(除间作凉薯和黎豆的土壤全氮含量略高于不间作土壤外)、全磷、速效磷含量及pH值,不同程度的增加了铵态氮、硝态氮、全钾及速效钾含量。说明成龄胶园间作豆科作物能改善土壤的硝态氮、铵态氮、全钾及速效钾含量,短时期内提高了土壤的供氮、供钾能力,但降低了土壤磷含量和土壤磷的供应能力。由此可见,在成龄胶园内进行间作,必须加强作物施肥,以实现土壤养分的收支平衡,维护土壤功能、保护土壤质量。  相似文献   

Influence of the proportion of poultry slaughter by-products and of untreated or hydrothermically treated legume seeds in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), on apparent digestibilities of their energy and organic compounds     

E. PFEFFER  S. KINZINGER  M. RODEHUTSCORD 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1995,1(2):111-117

Apparent digestibilities (D) of energy and proximate nutrients were determined in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), by stripping faeces and using Cr₂O₃ as a marker. When wheat gluten + L-lysine-HCl (WG-lys) as sole source of dietary N were increased stepwise from 324 to 941 g·kg^?1, replacing 210 g·Kg^?1 fish oil (FO) and 407 g·kg^?1 gelatinized corn starch (GCS), D of crude protein rose from 96 to 99% and that of FO was always above 96%. D of GCS was 70% at inclusions up to 210 g·kg^?1, but only 41 at 407 g·kg^?1. Three by-products of poultry slaughtering and three legume seeds replaced WG at levels of 250 and 500 g·kg^?1 in a basal diet of WG-lys, minerals and vitamins. Soy beans had been pressure cooked at one of two intensities, and field beans and fields peas were either untreated or had been autoclaved. D of energy and crude protein was hardly affected by dietary proportion in poultry blood mean (84 and 85%), poultry offal meal (80 and 81%) and incompletely pressure cooked soy beans (82 and 90%); increasing dietary proportions from 250 to 500 g·kg^?1 reduced the respective values of feather meal (88–81 and 86–83%), raw (43–32 and 76–70%) and autoclaved field beans (67–57 and 89–86%), as well as raw (47–39 and 86–83%) and autoclaved field peas (65–40 and 91–86%). At the higher proportion, D of energy of completely pressure cooked soy beans was reduced from 91 to 86%, but that of crude protein was constant at 94%.  相似文献   

鲁北滨海地区引种豆科牧草的灰色关联度分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙学钊  陶开宇 《四川草原》1997,(3):16-19

试验在鲁北滨海地区对经一般观察后初步入选的１４种豆科牧草进行了观察，并采用灰色关联度分析法以干草产量、鲜草产量、繁殖系数、折干率、叶量率、生长速度为主要指标进行综合评价。结果表明：综合性状最好的豆科牧草是草木樨属牧草，其中白花草木樨尤为突出；其次为沙打旺和美国苜蓿，也是适于鲁北滨海地区种植的豆科牧草。  相似文献   

Identification of cultivars of pasture legumes (Centrosema macrocarpum,C. pubescens and C. sp.n.) by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cotyledons storage proteins     

A. Hussain  H. Ramirez  W. M. Roca  W. Bushuk 《Euphytica》1988,39(2):105-107

Summary An electrophoretic procedure was developed for storage proteins which can discriminate cultivars of forage legumes, Centrosema macrocarpum, C. pubescens and C. sp.n. Proteins extracted from cotyledons were separated in 10% polyacrylamide gel containing 10% sucrose. Electrophoretic patterns are presented to illustrate the results that can be obtained with the procedure described. Cultivars of all three species were distinguishable based upon the variation in their acid soluble seed proteins.Joint publiccation of the Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba (No 101) and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical-CIAT.  相似文献   

Overcoming hybridization barriers between pea and some of its wild relatives     

S.J. Ochatt  A. Benabdelmouna  P. Marget  G. Aubert  F. Moussy  C. Pontécaille  L. Jacas 《Euphytica》2004,137(3):353-359

Pea would benefit from the plasticity and adaptability of its cross-incompatible relatives Pisum fulvum and Lathyrus sativus L., and we have tested reciprocal sexual crossings by manually cross-pollinating plants of genotypes of these three species. Studies of in situ germination of pollen grains on stigmata showed that pollen tubes were generally unable to germinate or could not reach the ovary. A few putative hybrid pods were nevertheless harvested, with one grain per pod germinated in vitro, then micropropagated for flow cytometry, isoenzyme, molecular (ribosomal ITS PCR-RFLP) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) studies. One such grain was recovered from an inter-generic cross of P. sativum x L. sativus and four from an inter-specific P. sativum x P. fulvumcross. A strong cross-incompatibility was shown between pea and grass pea, where the putative hybrid turned out to be pea. Conversely, with the interspecific, P. sativum x P. fulvum cross, flow cytometry and isoenzymes with leaf tissues strongly suggested hybridity, while molecular approaches and GISH confirmed the production of inter-specific hybrids, and without the need for a wild type P. sativum accession as a bridging cross.  相似文献   

15N studies on the transfer of legume-fixed nitrogen to associated cereals in intercropping systems     

D. D. Patra  M. S. Sachdev  B. V. Subbiah 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1986,2(3):165-171

Summary An attempt has been made to estimate quantitatively the amount of N fixed by legume and transferred to the cereal in association in intercropping systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) — gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) —cowpea (Vigna unguiculate L.) by labelling soil and fertilizer nitrogen with ¹⁵N. The intercropped legumes have been found to fix significantly higher amounts of N as compared with legumes in sole cropping if the intercropped cereal-legume received the same dose of fertilizer N as the sole cereal crop. But when half of the dose of the fertilizer N applied to sole cereal crop was received by intercropped plants, the amount of N fixed by legumes in association with cereals was significantly less than that fixed by sole legumes. Under field conditions 28% of the total N uptake by maize (21.2 kg N ha^–1) was of atmospheric origin and was obtained by transfer of fixed N by cowpea grown in association with maize. Under greenhouse conditions gram and summer and monsoon season cowpea have been found to contribute 14%–20%, 16% and 32% of the total N uptake by associated wheat and summer and monsoon maize crops, respectively. Inoculation of cowpea seeds with Rhizobium increased both the amount of N fixed by cowpea and transferred to maize in intercropping system.  相似文献   

黄土高原旱地小麦与豆科绿肥轮作及施氮对小麦产量和籽粒养分的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李可懿  王朝辉  赵护兵  赵娜  高亚军  Graham Lyons 《干旱地区农业研究》2011,29(2):110-116

小麦与豆科绿肥轮作和合理施用氮肥对黄土高原旱地缺素地区具有特别重要意义.本试验以夏休闲为对照,比较了小麦与绿豆、大豆、秋豆轮作和氮肥水平(0、108、135、162kg/hm2)对小麦产量和籽粒养分的影响.结果表明,小麦与豆科绿肥轮作,在黄土高原早地受水分限制影响,小麦产量降低9.7%～26.6%;同时,与休闲处理相较...  相似文献