Nitrogen transfer from green manure to organic cherry tomato in a greenhouse intercropping system     

Gabriela Cristina Salgado  Edmilson José Ambrosano  Fabrício Rossi  Ivani Pozar Otsuk  Paulo Cesar Ocheuse Trivelin  Takashi Muraoka 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(8):1119-1135

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the nitrogen transfer, the yield and the nutrient contents of organic cherry tomatoes intercropped with legumes in two successive years. The randomized block experimental design was used with eight treatments and five replicates, as follows: two controls with single cherry tomato crop (with and without corn straw cover); cherry tomato intercropped with jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis DC); white lupine (Lupinus albus L.); sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.); velvet bean-dwarf [(Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merrill)]; mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). The number of total fruits, the weight of total fruit and an average weight of the total fruit in the first year was 25%, 33% and 13% higher than the second-year, respectively. The lower N-content of cherry tomato leaves in the treatment with mung bean can be reflected of lower %N transfer of cherry tomato leaves in the same treatment compared to treatment with cowpea bean. The N-content and %N transfer of cherry tomato leaves was 50 and 42% higher in year 1 than in year 2, successively. Nevertheless, in general, the legumes used in this study contributed equally in the N transfer to the cherry tomato plants. The P, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn content in the leaf and shoot were no difference between the treatments. However, the Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn content of the leaf were higher in year 2 than year 1.  相似文献   

陕北苹果园绿肥种植模式对土壤物理性质及果实品质和产量的影响     

段志龙  王晨光  宋云 《中国果树》2022,(1):24-28

在延安市洛川县苹果园行间种植毛叶苕子、豆科与十字花科轮茬,以清耕为对照,研究绿肥种植模式对土壤物理性质和苹果品质的影响。结果表明,绿肥种植模式对土壤物理性质、苹果品质和产量有显著影响。与对照相比,种植毛叶苕子土壤含水量提高164.44%～324.14%,土壤容重降低11.97%～13.67%,土壤孔隙度提高13.83%～15.08%;豆科与十字花科轮茬土壤含水量提高128.86%～217.24%,土壤容重降低9.86%～10.79%,土壤孔隙度提高11.38%～11.91%。与对照相比,种植毛叶苕子果实可溶性固形物含量提高16.41%～17.05%,硬度提高6.94%～9.86%;豆科与十字花科轮茬果实可溶性固形物含量提高14.73%～15.62%,硬度提高2.78%～5.63%,产量提高1.97%～2.10%。苹果园行间种植毛叶苕子蓄水保墒能力及其对果实品质的提高效果好于豆科与十字花科绿肥轮茬,二者产量差异不显著。  相似文献   

Effect of alkaline treatment (‘akanwu’) and supplementary value of corn or crayfish on the protein quality of breadfruit (Treculia Africana)     

Ngozi Rose Nzomiwu 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(2):99-105

The effect of treatment and supplementary value of corn (C) or crayfish (CR) on the protein quality of breadfruit (Treculia Africana) flours were studied in eighteen young rats. The 7030 or 701515 (Protein basis) combinations of breadfruit flours and corn or crayfish or both provided 1.6g N/100 g diet for the 35 day study. The addition of akanwu to the cooking water reduced cooking time and crude protein and saved fuel. The addition of akanwu and replacement of CR with C was not beneficial as judged by the parameters tested except for the wt. gain and PER. On the other hand, when crayfish was the only source of supplementary protein (30%) to breadfruit cooked without akanwu there were increases in all parameters tested over those with added akanwu except for the N intake, wt. gain, and PER.These results appear to suggest that addition of akanwu to TA was detrimental to its protein utilization and that TA appears to be an economic source of N in areas where it is a staple. Based on the results of this study, one would suggest that the use of akanwu as a tenderizer should be seriously looked into before further use.  相似文献   

Dry Weight and Nitrogen Content of Chickpea and Winter Wheat Grown in Pots for Three Rotations     

James E. Bidlack  Charles T. MacKown  Srinivas C. Rao 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1541-1553

ABSTRACT

Chickpea [Cicer arietinum (L.)] cultivars ‘ICCV-2’ and ‘Sarah’ were studied along with a control, multistrain, TAL 1148, and TAL 480 Bradyrhizobium strains to determine the effect(s) of cultivar and inoculum on dry weight (DW) and nitrogen (N) content of the legume, as well as soil mineral N, DW, and N content of wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Thell.] in a continuous wheat-legume rotation. Chickpeas were planted during the summer and harvested in the fall of 1992, 1993, and 1994. Vegetative growth from chickpeas was incorporated into the soil prior to wheat planting, and soil cores were taken at 35 to 48 d after chickpea harvests. Additional summer fallow treatments for the winter wheat part of the experiment received 0, 45, and 90 kg N ha^?1 each year. Wheat plants were removed the following spring and stubble was incorporated into the soil before planting chickpeas in the summer. ‘Sarah’ chickpeas accumulated about the same or more shoot DW and shoot N compared to ‘ICCV-2’; whereas ‘ICCV-2’ generally produced more pod DW and pod N compared to ‘Sarah.’ Inoculum had no significant effect on chickpea DW or N content. Wheat DW and N following legumes increased marginally after growing ‘Sarah’ chickpeas, as evidenced by higher values of some treatments. Only the multistrain or absence of inoculum in ‘Sarah’ chickpeas resulted in significantly greater wheat DW or N content compared to the fallow wheat receiving no added N fertilizer. The contributions from ‘ICCV-2’ chickpeas to wheat DW and N content were not significant. Soil mineral N, as well as wheat DW and N content, fluctuated or increased during this three-year study, which demonstrated some benefit from incorporation of chickpeas into a wheat-legume cropping system.  相似文献   

Short‐term effects of application of different rates of inorganic P and residue P on soil P pools and wheat growth     

Md Alamgir  Petra Marschner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(5):696-702

Phosphorus (P) can be added to soil as inorganic P or crop‐residue P, but little is known about how these two forms of P addition affect soil P pools and how their effect changes with the rate of P addition. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to assess the effect of inorganic P and P added as residues at different rates on (1) soil P pools at two time points: immediately after amendment and 42 d later, and (2) growth and P uptake by wheat at flowering (day 42). Three types of legume residues (faba bean young shoot, chickpea mature shoots with pods, and white lupin mature shoots without pods) were added to a loamy‐sand soil at a rate of 5 or 15 g residue kg^–1. Inorganic P was added at four different rates (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg P kg^–1) to give P‐addition rates corresponding to the total P added with the different residues at the two residue rates. Soil P pool concentrations (microbial P, resin‐P, NaHCO₃‐P, NaOH‐P, HCl‐P, and residual P) and wheat growth and P uptake (shoot and root) were measured after 6 weeks. Compared to inorganic P addition, P added with residues led to a 10%–80% greater increase in shoot biomass at the two highest P‐addition rates. Wheat P uptake was positively correlated with resin‐P and microbial‐P concentrations in residue‐P‐amended soil, but with resin‐P and NaOH‐P_i concentrations in soil amended with inorganic P. The concentration of HCl‐P decreased by up to 30% from day 0 to day 42 in the residue treatments and that of residual P decreased by about 20% in all treatments during this period suggesting that these nonlabile P pools are quite dynamic and could serve as P source for plants.  相似文献   

Prospects for genomic selection in forage plant species     

Benjamin J. Hayes  Noel O. I. Cogan  Luke W. Pembleton  Michael E. Goddard  Junping Wang  German C. Spangenberg  John W. Forster 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(2):133-143

Genomic selection (GS) is a powerful method for exploitation of DNA sequence polymorphisms in breeding improvement, through the prediction of breeding values based on all markers distributed genome‐wide. Forage grasses and legumes provide important targets for GS implementation, as many key traits are difficult or expensive to assess, and are measured late in the breeding cycle. Generic attributes of forage breeding programmes are described, along with status of genomic resources for a representative species group (ryegrasses). Two schemes for implementing GS in ryegrass breeding are described. The first requires relatively little modification of current schemes, but could lead to significant reductions in operating cost. The second scheme would allow two rounds of selection for key agronomic traits within a time period previously required for a single round, potentially leading to doubling of genetic gain rate, but requires a purpose‐designed reference population. In both schemes, the limited extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD), which is the major challenge for GS implementation in ryegrass breeding, is addressed. The strategies also incorporate recent advances in DNA sequencing technology to minimize costs.  相似文献   

4种野豌豆种子萌发对水分胁迫的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李廷山  王娟  胡小文 《草业科学》2013,30(8):1200-1207

以3种青藏高原野豌豆属植物窄叶野豌豆（Vicia angustifolia）、山野豌豆（V.amoena）、歪头菜（V.unijuga）与1种当地栽培植物箭筈豌豆兰箭3号（V.sativa）种子为材料,应用种子萌发的水势模型对上述4种植物种子萌发对水分的需求特性进行了研究。结果表明,1）基础水势（Ψb）随种子萌发率（g）的增加而增加,表明种群内种子个体萌发基础水势存在变异;2)除歪头菜外,其余种子的萌发速率与水势的回归直线的斜率随萌发率的增加而降低,暗示种群内种子个体萌发的水势时间值(θH)在有些种上可能存在变异;3）参试植物种中,兰箭3号种子的Ψb值最低,表明其在相对干旱环境条件下易于萌发,山野豌豆种子的Ψb值最高,但θH较低,表明其萌发耐旱性差,在水分充足的条件下萌发迅速;4）水势模型可准确预测休眠破除后4种野豌豆属种子在高水势条件下的萌发进程,但用于预测低水势条件下种子的萌发时,准确性较差。  相似文献   

Measurement of Physical and Chemical Properties of Cinnamonic Calcareous Soils to Establish Fertilization Requirements for Perennial Pastures and Legume Crops in the Country of Georgia     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):753-767

In 2006, the International Organization of Christian Charities (IOCC) began a program in the country of Georgia to establish an improved dairy enterprise in the villages of Minadze and Ghreli in the Akhaltsikhe district. To correctly determine the fertility requirements for the use of either mineral or organic fertilizer materials for improving soil fertility for legume grain crops (beans, peas, soybeans, etc.) and perennial pastures (a mixture of perennial cereal grasses and perennial legumes) and for the proper management of these soils, it was necessary to understand the geomorphic, chemical, and physical characteristics of the soils of this region. Soils of this region belong to a subtype of Cinnamonic Calcareous soils. The characteristics of these soils as well as their fertility and soil management needs were ascertained. Appropriate amounts of mineral and organic fertilizers needed for the proper growth of legume crops and perennial pastures as well as timing of application are presented.  相似文献   

Chemical composition,rumen degradability and crude protein fractionation of some commercial and improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) haulm varieties     

U. Y. Anele  K.‐H. Südekum  O. M. Arigbede  H. Lüttgenau  A. O. Oni  O. J. Bolaji  M. L. Galyean 《Grass and Forage Science》2012,67(2):210-218

Seasonal chemical composition, in sacco organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) degradabilities and CP fractions of haulms of three improved (ITA2, ITA6 and ITA8) and three commercial (Oloyin, Peu and Sokoto) cowpea varieties harvested in wet and dry seasons were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Effective degradation of OM and CP was estimated at assumed outflow rates of 2 and 4% h^?1. Commercial haulms (all the other parts of the cowpea minus the grains) had greater (P < 0·001) CP than improved varieties, whereas neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were greater (P < 0·001) in improved vs. commercial haulms. Interactions between variety group (improved vs. commercial) and season were observed for CP (P = 0·002), lignin (P = 0·003) and hemicellulose (P = 0·030) contents of the haulms. Similarly, a group × season interaction was observed for effective degradation of OM at an outflow rate of 2%. The proportion of substrate degraded in the samples harvested in the wet season was generally less (P < 0·001) than in the dry season. Effective degradability values of OM at the assumed passage rates were greater (P < 0·001) for improved vs. commercial cowpea haulms. Interactions between group and season were observed for all but one of the CP fractions. Seasonal differences in the quality of haulms showed that attention must be given to handling of haulms to minimize the amount of leaves lost during the wet season.  相似文献   

伊犁河谷地区豆科植物资源的初步研究     

贾风勤  努尔买买提  贾娜尔·阿汗  王林君 《新疆农业科学》2009,46(1):118

对伊犁河谷地区主要县市不同生态区豆科植物资源分布情况进行初步研究表明,该区域豆科植物总计74种,隶属于2亚科27属,云实亚科1属1种,占1.4;;蝶形花亚科26属73种,占98.6;,多为一年或多年生草本植物,按照经济价值分为8种.其中药用、饲用、防风固沙、绿肥、观赏、食用、蜜源和有毒植物分别占总种数的28.4;、24.3;、17.6;、17.6;、17.6;、13.5;、10.8;和1.4;.  相似文献