The ecogeography and collection of grain, forage and pasture legumes in south-west Turkey   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sarita Jane Bennett  Nigel Maxted  Cafer Olcayto Sabanci 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(3):253-262

A collecting mission took place in June and July 1996 to collect legume species from south-west Turkey and western Anatolia. Sites were chosen to maximise the diversity of legumes collected and detailed passport data were recorded at each site. A total of 96 sites were visited, and 1307 accessions collected. In total 23 genera were collected, of which the most frequently seen were Trifolium, Medicago and Vicia. Sites were found to be almost exclusively calcareous with a pH range of 7 to 10, and varied from sea level to 1750m. Many of the Trifolium species are of economic importance for southern Australia and have been shown to display characters such as a high productivity (T. michelianum) and waterlogging tolerance (T. resupinatum and T. tomentosum). The Medicago species were found to prefer well-drained habitats in open areas. Many of these species can tolerate heavy grazing. The two main forage legume genera collected were Lathyrus and Vicia. Both of these occurred on the higher pH soils and were most frequently collected from the lower altitudes. Four species of grain legume were found, Cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum and Vicia faba. The material collected during this mission is important in the drive to preserve the legume genetic diversity of Turkey, the species' centre of diversity, for utilisation both within and outside of Turkey.  相似文献   

混播种类与混播比例对豆禾混播草地浅层土壤养分的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑伟  加娜尔古丽  唐高溶  朱进忠 《草业科学》2015,32(3):329-339

以3种豆科牧草与3种禾本科牧草在混播种类为3、4、5、6与豆禾比5∶5、4∶6和3∶7条件下建立混播草地。依据2008-2010年各混播处理的土壤浅层有机质、氮、磷、钾养分含量,分析了混播种类与豆禾混播比例对土壤养分分布与积累规律的影响。结果表明,豆禾牧草混播后,土壤碱解氮较单播禾草增加,土壤有效磷则较所有单播草地都增加。随着豆科牧草比例的减少,土壤有机质、碱解氮、全磷和有效磷含量呈减少趋势。混播种类较少时土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、全钾含量较高,而土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量较低;混播种类较多时土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量较高,而土壤有机质、全磷、有效磷、全钾含量较低。双因素方差分析结果表明,混播种类及混播种类与混播比例的交互效应是影响土壤养分差异的主导因素,而混播比例仅对土壤全磷、全钾含量造成了显著影响(P0.05)。因此,豆禾牧草混播有利于改善土壤速效氮、磷养分的供应,而增加豆科牧草的比例并没有显著增加土壤养分供给(P0.05)。  相似文献   

Nitrogen fixation capacity in the component species of contour hedgerows: how important?     

D. P. Garrity  A. R. Mercado Jr 《Agroforestry Systems》1994,27(3):241-258

The choice of an appropriate hedgerow species is one of the most critical decisions in exploiting the value of a contour hedgerow system. The implications of hedgerow species with nitrogen (N)-fixation capacity on hedgerow-crop competition and crop productivity have been widely debated. We examined the agronomic significance of N-fixation by comparing the performance of species representing three classes of hedgerow vegetation: A nitrogen-fixing tree legumeGliricidia sepium), a non-nitrogen fixing tree (Senna spectabilis syn.Cassia spectabilis), and a forage grass (Pennisetum purpureum). The 4-year study investigated the hedgerow biomass and nutrient yields, and their relative effects on the performance of two annual crops commonly grown in alley farming systems, with emphasis on hedgerow-crop interference. The work was done on an Ultic Haplorthox (pH 4.8, organic C 1.9%, total N 0.18%).Senna produced 46% more pruning biomass on an annual basis than didGliricidia; N supplied to the alley crops was similar toGliricidia in the first year of observation, but 20–30% higher in the succeeding years. Upland rice and maize grain yields and total dry matter were unaffected by tree species, but the nitrogen-fixing tree exerted less competitive effects on the annual crops growing in adjacent rows. Grass hedgerows reduced maize yields 86% by the second year, indicating an unsustainable drawdown of nutrients and water. We conclude that hedgerow systems composed of a nitrogen-fixing tree did not exert significant advantages compared to a non-fixing tree species, and that factors other than N-fixation were more important determinants for the choice of hedgerow species.  相似文献   

Productivity of four sesbania species on two soil types in Ethiopia     

S. Mengistu  D. Keftasa  A. Yami 《Agroforestry Systems》2002,54(3):235-244

In Ethiopia, lack of quality forage in adequate quantities is a major constraint to livestock productivity. Fast growing N₂ fixing Sesbania have shown great promise both as high quality fodder and green manure. The objective of this study was to evaluate and select among the species S. macrantha, S. rostrata, S quadrata and S. sesban for fodder yield, quality and green manure potential. The field experiment was conducted on a light soil (loam, Alfisol) and a heavy soil (cracking type clay, Vertisol) at Debre Zeit (9° N and 39° E, 45 kms SE of Addis Ababa). There were two cutting treatments: cutting once at ground level or cutting twice at 50 cm (first, 65 days after sowing; second, 40 days later). A two-factor factorial in randomized block design was used. S. macrantha performed better on the light soil producing the highest dry matter (DM) yields of leaf (2.8 t/ha), stem (6.3 t/ha) and total nitrogen (151 kg/ha) in 105 days than the rest of the species. Most species performed poorly on the heavy soil. S. quadrata, however, showed better adaptability to the heavy soil (5.5 t/ha DM) than any of the other species. The lowest DM yield was recorded for S. rostrat which could be due to poor nodulation. Cutting twice over the 105 days growth period caused a drastic reduction in DM yield, but resulted in higher leaf-to-stem ratio and total N yield. The nutritional composition of all the species was within an acceptable range for livestock requirements. N content (4%) and IVDMD (over 70%) were high. S. macrantha had superior overall performance and seems promising both as high quality fodder and green manure crop. Under rain-fed conditions, cutting once was better than cutting twice particularly for S. macrantha. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of a collection of the tropical multipurpose shrub legume Flemingia macrophylla     

Meike S. Andersson  Michael Peters  Rainer Schultze-Kraft  Gerardo Gallego  Myriam C. Duque 《Agroforestry Systems》2006,68(3):231-245

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used for assessing genetic diversity and its structure in a collection of the drought-tolerant, tropical multipurpose shrub legume Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merrill. The species is especially suited to low-input smallholder production systems and is used as dry season forage supplement, live soil cover, mulch and living barrier, among others. Genetic groups identified by RAPD analysis related closely to four morphotypes revealed by multivariate analysis of morphological, agronomic and forage quality characteristics. Overall genetic diversity in the collection was moderate (H _T = 0.241), with 79% differentiation among and high genetic similarity (GS) within groups (0.672–0.965). Results indicate a closer relationship of the semi-erect morphotypes M3 and M4 with F. stricta rather than with the erect morphotype M1. The latter was genetically the most depauperate, followed by morphotypes M2 and M4. New evidence is provided that non-Asian accessions collected in Africa and South America are derived from introduced Southeast Asian material. Furthermore, RAPD data suggest the presence of duplicates in the collection, especially in the overrepresented erect morphotype M1.  相似文献   

Proteomics: a promising approach to study biotic interaction in legumes. A review     

J. V. Jorrín  D. Rubiales  E. Dumas-Gaudot  G. Recorbet  A. Maldonado  M. A. Castillejo  M. Curto 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):37-47

Summary During the 1990s and early 2000s, the genomes of different organisms have been completely sequenced. Nowadays, biological research is directed to understand gene expression and function. Proteomics, understood as protein biochemistry on an unprecedented and high-throughput scale, is becoming a promising and active approach in this post-genomic period. However, its application to plants is still rather limited as compared to other biological systems. After having referred to the most recent plant proteomic reviews, we focused on legume proteomics including studies with the model species Medicago truncatula. This review is aimed at providing to non-proteomic specialists a global overview of what might be expected in entering this field.  相似文献   

Condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil: Genetic relationships with forage yield and quality in NC-83 germplasm     

Perry R. Miller  Nancy J. Ehlke 《Euphytica》1995,92(3):383-391

Summary Genetic relationships of condensed tannins (CT) with other forage quality parameters have not been adequately studied in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). The objectives were to bidirectionally select for CT concentration in birdsfoot trefoil to determine selection response and to create populations for examination of genetic relationships of CT with forage quality parameters, principally lignin. High-and low-tannin parental clones were selected from NC-83 birdsfoot trefoil germplasm and intercrossed to produce Syn₁ populations. Herbage samples, harvested for two years at two locations, were analyzed from high-tannin, low-tannin, and parental populations for CT concentration, herbage yield, and forage quality parameters. The mean condensed tannin concentrations in the high-and low-tannin populations were 69.3±0.8 and 21.1±0.8 g catechin equivalent (CE) kg^-1 dry matter (DM) compared with 36.4±0.8 g CE kg^-1 DM in the parental population. The selection response exhibited a quadratic relationship, with selection for increased CT concentration more effective than for reduced CT concentration. Compared with the parental population, acid detergent lignin (ADL) was higher, and crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations were lower for the high-tannin population and the converse was true for the low-tannin population. Lignin concentration was positively correlated with CT concentration (r_g=0.66 P0.01).Abbreviations ADF acid detergent fiber - ADL acid detergent lignin - CP crude protein - CT condensed tannins - IVDDM in vitro digestible dry matter - NDF neutral detergent fiber - NIRS near infrared reflectance spectroscopy  相似文献   

Morphological and isozyme characterisation of Arachis pintoi Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. germplasm     

Brigitte L. Maass  Alba M. Torres  César H. Ocampo 《Euphytica》1993,70(1-2):43-52

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Identification of cultivars of Stylosanthes capitata Vog. by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed proteins     

A. Hussain  H. Ramirez  W. Bushuk  W. M. Roca 《Euphytica》1988,37(2):117-119

Summary A method was developed for identification of cultivars of the pasture legume, Stylosanthes capitata Vog., using electrophoretic patterns of seed proteins in polyacrylamide gels as the genotypic markers. The method can be used for accurate identification of cultivars in germplasm banks, in selecting parents for development of new varieties, and in registering new cultivars for proprietary purposes.  相似文献   

山地豆类蔬菜化肥农药减施增效技术     

黄巍  张飞荣  金光君  王雄英  饶聪  瞿云明 《蔬菜》2021,(6):31-34

为加快农业生产中化肥农药减量增效技术的推广和应用,经过连续3年的试验与实践,总结出了山地豆类蔬菜肥药减施增效技术,在豆类蔬菜应用中取得了每667 m~2化肥用量减少26.2%,农药使用次数减少2.8次,蔬菜经济效益提高580元的效果。技术内容主要包括轮作及秸秆还田、土壤改良、有机肥替代部分化肥、病虫害绿色防控等,可有效指导豆类蔬菜生产中化肥农药减施的工作,提高农产品质量安全水平,促进农业增效和农民增收。  相似文献