Multifunctional benefits of sainfoin mixtures: Effects of partner species,sowing density and cutting regime          下载免费PDF全文

C. S. Malisch  D. Suter  B. Studer  A. Lüscher 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):794-805

Grass–legume mixtures have proven successful at improving the sustainability of grasslands. Their ability to suppress unsown species is particularly important for sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), a forage crop with valuable bioactive compounds, yet low competitiveness. In this 3‐year study, the suitability of six partner species cultivated in mixtures with sainfoin at different annual numbers of cuts and partner sowing densities were evaluated. Mixture yields outperformed average monoculture yields by 31%, reduced the ratio of unsown species by 65% and increased the symbiotic N₂ fixation up to 158 kg ha^?1. A key finding of the study was the highly differential patterns of development of the partner grass species over the 3 years. These patterns of development had a large effect on the persistency of the proportion of sainfoin in the mixtures, which varied in the third year between 17% (when grown with Dactylis glomerata) and 38% (with Lolium perenne). These findings contribute to the further development of sustainable grass–legume systems, as evidence for the successful cultivation of sainfoin as an alternative legume species can help diversification, and knowledge of mixture development supports more persistent legume proportions.  相似文献   

Substitution of fish meal with raw or treated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L Walp,IT86‐D719) meal in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fry     

L. OLIVERA‐CASTILLO  M. PINO‐AGUILAR  M. LARA‐FLORES  S. GRANADOS‐PUERTO  J. MONTERO‐MUÑOZ  M.A. OLVERA‐NOVOA  G. GRANT 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e101-e111

Two feeding experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of fish meal (FM) with raw or heat‐treated cowpea Vigna unguiculata L. Walp var. IT86‐D719 seeds on growth performance, digestibility and pancreas tissue in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fry. Experiment 1 involved six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets: four containing different concentrations of raw, whole cowpea meal (protein basis), a positive control with FM as sole protein source and a negative with cowpea meal as sole protein source. Substitution at up to 200 g kg^?1 had no significant effect on production parameters, although growth was negatively affected in the negative control because of seed antinutritional factor content. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of heat treatment (oven drying at 48 °C; hot air drying at 70 °C; or autoclaving at 119 °C) and/or seed dehulling using diets containing 200 g kg^?1 cowpea meal presoaked in water. Only autoclaving eliminated trypsin inhibitor and lectin contents, independent of dehulling. Histological analysis indicated no histological changes in pancreas tissue. Raw or treated cowpea meal can replace FM in tilapia fingerling diets at up to 200 g kg^?1 protein content without significantly affecting productive parameters or pancreas tissue.  相似文献   

Effect of a legume cover crop (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) on soil carbon in an Ultisol under maize cultivation in southern Benin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

B. Barthès  A. Azontonde  E. Blanchart  C. Girardin  C. Villenave  S. Lesaint  R. Oliver  C. Feller 《Soil Use and Management》2004,20(2):231-239

Abstract. Long term fallow is no longer possible in densely populated tropical areas, but legume cover crops can help maintain soil fertility. Our work aimed to study changes in soil carbon in a sandy loam Ultisol in Benin, which involved a 12-year experiment on three maize cropping systems under manual tillage: traditional no-input cultivation (T), mineral fertilized cultivation (NPK), and association with Mucuna pruriens (M). The origin of soil carbon was also determined through the natural abundance of soil and biomass ¹³C. In T, NPK and M changes in soil carbon at 0–40 cm were −0.2, +0.2 and +1.3 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, with residue carbon amounting to 3.5, 6.4 and 10.0 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively. After 12 years of experimentation, carbon originating from maize in litter-plus-soil (0–40 cm) represented less than 4% of both total carbon and overall maize residue carbon. In contrast, carbon originating from mucuna in litter-plus-soil represented more than 50% of both total carbon and overall mucuna residue carbon in M, possibly due to accelerated mineralization of native soil carbon (priming effect) and slow mulch decomposition. Carbon originating from weeds in litter-plus-soil represented c. 10% of both total carbon and overall weed residue carbon in T and NPK. Thus mucuna mulch was very effective in promoting carbon sequestration in the soil studied.  相似文献   

Lupin kernel meal as fishmeal replacement in formulated feeds for the Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)     

Monika Weiss  Anja Rebelein  Matthew J. Slater 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(3):752-762

Rapidly expanding global aquaculture requires sustainable, local protein sources to supplement the use of fishmeal. Lupin seed meal (Lupinus angustifolius) was tested as sustainable diet component for Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Controlled feeding experiments were conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system for eight weeks. Juvenile shrimps were provided formulated diets containing various levels of lupin meal inclusion (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg^?1) supplementing the fishmeal component, and a commercial feed as general reference. Shrimp survival, growth, metabolic and immune parameters were analysed. Survival did not differ significantly between groups. Growth performance was significantly impaired in shrimp fed diets containing more than 100 g kg^?1 lupin meal. Lupin meal supplementation did not affect haemolymph protein content, whereas glucose and acylglyceride concentrations varied between treatments and were highest in animals fed the 100 g kg^?1 lupin meal diet. Phenoloxidase activity was highest in shrimp fed 100 g kg^?1 lupin meal diet indicating improved immune status. The present study indicates that low inclusion levels of lupin meal do not cause adverse effects and seem to stimulate the immune system of juvenile L. vannamei.  相似文献   

The ecogeography and collection of grain, forage and pasture legumes in south-west Turkey   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sarita Jane Bennett  Nigel Maxted  Cafer Olcayto Sabanci 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(3):253-262

A collecting mission took place in June and July 1996 to collect legume species from south-west Turkey and western Anatolia. Sites were chosen to maximise the diversity of legumes collected and detailed passport data were recorded at each site. A total of 96 sites were visited, and 1307 accessions collected. In total 23 genera were collected, of which the most frequently seen were Trifolium, Medicago and Vicia. Sites were found to be almost exclusively calcareous with a pH range of 7 to 10, and varied from sea level to 1750m. Many of the Trifolium species are of economic importance for southern Australia and have been shown to display characters such as a high productivity (T. michelianum) and waterlogging tolerance (T. resupinatum and T. tomentosum). The Medicago species were found to prefer well-drained habitats in open areas. Many of these species can tolerate heavy grazing. The two main forage legume genera collected were Lathyrus and Vicia. Both of these occurred on the higher pH soils and were most frequently collected from the lower altitudes. Four species of grain legume were found, Cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum and Vicia faba. The material collected during this mission is important in the drive to preserve the legume genetic diversity of Turkey, the species' centre of diversity, for utilisation both within and outside of Turkey.  相似文献   

水分胁迫下AM真菌和根瘤菌对沙打旺生长及养分吸收的影响     

吴福勇  武玉坤  毕银丽  齐礼帅  李丽娟 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2013,(4):161-166

利用温室盆栽试验研究水分胁迫下接种丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌和根瘤菌（Rhizobium meliloti）对沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) 生长和养分吸收的影响。在土壤相对含水量65%和35%条件下,分别设不接种（对照）、单接根瘤菌、单接摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)和双接根瘤菌与摩西球囊霉等4个处理。结果发现：干旱胁迫显著抑制沙打旺AM真菌侵染率（P<0.05）,而接种根瘤菌在两种水分条件下均显著促进摩西球囊霉对沙打旺根系的侵染（P<0.05）。接种AM真菌不仅显著提高沙打旺对P的吸收（P<0.05）,而且明显促进根瘤的生长。无论是在干旱条件下或是在正常供水条件下,双接根瘤菌与摩西球囊霉处理对沙打旺生长及养分吸收的效应显著高于单接菌处理,植株地上部、地下部生物量以及N、P、K等吸收量均为最大。结果表明：AM真菌与根瘤菌双接种技术在干旱、半干旱区受损生态系统的植被恢复中具有一定的应用潜力。  相似文献   

绿豆象在不同豆类上的生长发育及产卵选择性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王燕  陈斌  李正跃  陈宗麒 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,25(1):34-39

在室内25℃恒温条件下,饲养观察了绿豆象[Callosobruchus chinensis(Linn.)]对不同豆种的产卵选择性、产卵量、卵的孵化率、幼虫和成虫的生长发育历期。结果表明,供试的17种豆粒上绿豆象的着卵率均达80%以上,且不同豆种粒上产卵量差异显著(P0.01),卵在不同豆种上的孵化率间也存在显著差异(P0.05),卵孵化后,幼虫仅在蚕豆、绿豆、红皮豇豆、豌豆、黑豆、红小豆、大豆上可蛀入危害,蛀孔数分别为3.00±0.25,2.00±0.18,3.50±0.09,2.50±0.21,4.50±0.10,2.00±0.22,2.50±0.17蛀孔/豆,差异显著(P0.05)。在蚕豆、绿豆、红小豆、红皮豇豆、黑豆、大豆粒上的世代存活率分别为(0.63±0.12)%,(54.84±0.09)%,(44.40±0.08)%,(46.33±0.11)%,(66.88±0.10)%,(45.71±0.11)%,(21.59±0.21)%;雌虫的产卵期分别为(4.24±1.58)d,(5.10±0.22)d,(5.40±0.26)d,(5.21±1.25)d,(5.30±0.38)d,(4.63±0.41)d和(4.30±0.80)d,差异不显著(P0.05),卵历期分别为(5.01±0.15)d,(4.30±0.05)d,(4.10±0.08)d,(5.10±0.18)d,(4.30±0.07)d,(4.20±0.14)d及(4.51±0.16)d,差异不显著(P0.05);幼虫的平均历期分别为(33.40±4.85)d,(31.60±1.78)d,(28.22±3.56)d,(30.91±2.49)d,(27.30±1.98)d,(29.50±1.93)d及(36.70±4.97)d,差异显著(P0.05)。不同豆种上绿豆象雄虫寿命间差异不显著(P0.05),而雌虫寿命差异显著(P0.05)。  相似文献   

豆科模式植物——蒺藜苜蓿   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

魏臻武  盖钧镒 《草业学报》2008,17(1):114-120

由于蒺藜苜蓿具有高的遗传转化效率、生长期短、染色体组为2×8、基因组小、自花授粉、固氮等特点,使它成为豆科生物学和基因组学研究的模式植物。本研究描述了蒺藜苜蓿的形态特征,介绍了苜蓿属植物的系统关系及蒺藜苜蓿的分类学地位,概述了蒺藜苜蓿遗传图谱构建和基因组学研究的进展。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Mustard (Brassica compestris Var. Toria) and Legume Intercropping under 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 Row‐Replacement Series Systems     

P. Banik  T. Sasmal  P. K. Ghosal  D. K. Bagchi 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,185(1):9-14

Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Experimental Farm, Giridih, Bihar during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 to compare 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 row‐replacement series intercropping of mustard (Brassica campestris Var. Toria) with pea (Pisum sativum), with lentil (Lens culinaris) and with gram (Cicer areitinum L.). Intercropping systems were assessed on the basis of new indices termed ‘actual yield loss’ (AYL) and ‘intercropping advantage’ (IA), as well as several existing intercropping indices such as LER, RCC and aggressivity. Intercropping reduced the yield of component crops, compared with respective pure stands. Mustard + pea in 1 : 1 row‐replacement series gave the highest mustard yield equivalent value (1.00 t/ha). When the actual sown proportion was considered, mustard + lentil (1 : 1) resulted in maximum AYL (+0.438) and IA (+2.889) values. We conclude that AYL and IA are more appropriate, particularly when per plant yield is considered.  相似文献   

Effects of mixing ratio and nitrogen fertilization on root characteristics in the common vetch/oat mixture     

WU Xiao-juan  YANG Mei  LU Yi-xiao  YANG Hui-min 《草业学报》2008,29(9):106

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