Estimates of the leaf area of forage peanut for use in morphogenetic assessment          下载免费PDF全文

O. A. A. Lopes de Sá  M. A. S. Lara  A. R. Evangelista  T. F. Bernardes  D. R. Casagrande 《Grass and Forage Science》2015,70(2):335-340

Understanding the morpho-physiological responses of forage plants is critical for successfully managing pastures; however, there is no specific method for morphogenetically assessing Arachis pintoi. The present study aimed to develop and validate mathematical models to estimate leaf area in A. pintoi to enable assessments of leaf elongation and senescence. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment used 500 A. pintoi leaves to model leaf area. Three models were used: correlation, mechanistic and empirical. A total of 336 leaflets were collected to validate the models. For the second experiment, 786 leaflet pairs were collected to test the leaf symmetry. Leaf length (L), width (W) and area (A) were measured for each leaflet in both of the experiments. The model identity test was used. The leaflet area can be estimated using the following formula:  = W ×L × 0·25 × π. Experiment 2 showed that the initial leaflet pairs were equal, as were the terminal leaflet pairs. In conclusion, the mechanistic model should be used to estimate the leaf area for A. pintoi, and only half of each leaf can be measured.  相似文献   

Zoospore chemotaxis of closely related legume‐root infecting Phytophthora species towards host isoflavones     

S. Hosseini  F. Heyman  U. Olsson  A. Broberg  D. Funck Jensen  M. Karlsson 《Plant pathology》2014,63(3):708-714

Phytophthora niederhauserii, P. pisi, P. sojae and P. vignae are closely related species that are pathogenic to various legume plants. While P. sojae and P. vignae are reported to specifically infect soybean and cowpea, respectively, P. pisi is reported to attack pea and faba bean. Phytophthora niederhauserii is considered to have a broad host range. Zoospores of some Phytophthora species are chemotactically attracted to the isoflavones that are secreted by their host plants. The focus of the current study was to determine the chemotaxic behaviour of zoospores from closely related legume‐root infecting Phytophthora species and to investigate the correlation, if any, to host preference as determined by greenhouse pathogenicity tests. The results showed that P. sojae and P. vignae were attracted to the non‐soybean isoflavone prunetin as well as to the soybean isoflavones genistein and daidzein, which is in contrast with their host specificity on soybean and cowpea, respectively. On the other hand, P. pisi and P. niederhauserii were only attracted to prunetin, previously reported to be produced by pea, but not to the isoflavones associated with the non‐host soybean. The lack of responsiveness to genistein and daidzein in P. pisi may represent a recent adaptation to the host specialization towards pea. However, the affinity of P. niederhauserii to prunetin shows that this trait can also be present in taxa not specifically associated with legume hosts.  相似文献   

Element interconnections in Lotus japonicus: A systematic study of the effects of element additions on different natural variants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zheng CHEN  Toshihiro WATANABE  Takuro SHINANO  Tatsuhiro EZAWA  Jun WASAKI  Kazuhiko KIMURA  Mitsuru OSAKI  Yong-Guan ZHU 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(1):91-101

Lotus japonicus was used to study the distribution and interconnections of 15 elements in plant tissues, including essential and non-essential elements: boron (B), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd) and cesium (Cs). Large amounts of B and Ca accumulated in plant leaves, while Fe, Na, Ni, As and Cd tended to mainly occur in the roots, and Mo was the only element to accumulate in the stems. The elemental compositions within plants were severely disturbed by treatment with toxic elements. Competition between element pairs in the same group (e.g. K and Cs; Ca and Sr) was not found. Iron, Cu and Zn accumulation were induced by Cd and Ni addition. When natural variants grew in a nutrition solution with subtoxic levels of As, Cd, Cs, Ni, Mo and Sr, intriguing relationships between the elements (such as Fe, As and K; Mg and Ni; Mn and Ca) were revealed using principal-component analysis. This study on the plant ionome offers detailed information of element interactions and indicates that chemically different elements might be closely linked in uptake or translocation systems.  相似文献   

N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation by faba bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L.) in a gypsum-amended sodic soil     

Andrew P. Smith  Deli Chen  Phillip M. Chalk 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(3):329-333

The response of faba bean to the application of four rates of gypsum (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 t ha⁻¹) to a non-saline, alkaline sodic soil was measured in terms of grain yield, dry matter (DM) production, N accumulation and the proportional dependence of the legume on symbiotic N₂ fixation (P _atm). A yield-independent, time-integrated ¹⁵N-dilution model was used to estimate symbiotic dependence. A significant decrease in the exchangeable sodium percentage and significant increases in exchangeable Ca⁺⁺ and the Ca⁺⁺:Mg⁺⁺ ratio in the 0–10-cm soil layer were measured 30 months after application of 10 t ha⁻¹ gypsum. Despite low and erratic rainfall during crop growth, faba bean DM and N uptake responded positively to gypsum application. The symbiotic dependence of the legume at physiological maturity was little affected by sodicity (P _atm = 0.74 at zero gypsum and 0.81–0.82 at 2.5–10 t ha⁻¹ gypsum). The increase in fixed N due to gypsum application was mainly due to increases in legume DM and total N uptake. At 10 t ha⁻¹ of gypsum, faba bean fixed more than 200 kg N ha⁻¹ in above-ground biomass.  相似文献   

６种豆科饲用灌木中酚类物质动态变化与体外消化率的关系   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

文亦芾  曹国军  樊江文  毛华明  罗富成 《草业学报》2009,18(1):32-38

 通过对云南省几种主要豆科饲用灌木不同生育期酚类化合物含量的分析研究,结果表明,单宁的含量变化范围从银合欢的枯黄期（４２．９ｇ／ｋｇ）到假大青蓝的开花期（１２３．６ｇ／ｋｇ）之间;简单酚的含量变化范围从银合欢的营养期（１１．６ｇ／ｋｇ）到结荚期（５８．７ｇ／ｋｇ）之间;总酚的含量在各生育期的变化范围依次为１０９．１～１７３．３,１０４．１～１６９．２,１０３．７～１５３．０和８６．６～１５５．６ｇ／ｋｇ。４种酚类化合物含量都较高的灌木有假大青蓝,含量均较低的有多花木蓝和假木豆。４种酚类化合物的含量总体表现为总酚＞单宁＞缩合单宁＞简单酚。缩合单宁与总酚和单宁之间呈极显著正相关（犘＜０．０１）,与简单酚之间呈不显著的负相关（犘＞０．０５）。体外干物质消化率（ＩＶＤＭＤ）在同一生育期不同灌木间差异显著（犘＜０．０５）,体外有机物消化率（ＩＶＯＭＤ）在同一生育期不同灌木间差异显著（犘＜０．０５）。体外消化率和体内消化率与总酚、单宁和缩合单宁呈极显著负相关（犘＜０．０１）,且相关系数绝对值大于０．７。  相似文献   

Alpha‐tocopherol and β‐carotene in legume–grass mixtures as influenced by wilting,ensiling and type of silage additive     

H. Lindqvist  E. Nadeau  S. K. Jensen 《Grass and Forage Science》2012,67(1):119-128

Effects of wilting, ensiling and type of additive on α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene contents in legume–grass mixtures were examined. Swards of birdsfoot trefoil + timothy (Bft + Ti), red clover + timothy (Rc + Ti) and red clover + meadow fescue (Rc + Mf) were harvested as a first regrowth in August 2005. Forage was wilted to a dry‐matter (DM) content of 273 g kg^?1 and ensiled without additive or with an inoculant or acid. Wilting decreased α‐tocopherol concentration by 30% in the Bft + Ti mixture (P = 0·015). Untreated Bft + Ti silage had higher α‐tocopherol content than red clover silages (56·9 vs. 34·2 mg kg^?1 DM; P = 0·015). The α‐tocopherol concentration of Bft + Ti forages increased during ensiling from 41·1 mg kg^?1 DM in wilted herbage to 56·9, 65·2 and 56·8 mg kg^?1 DM in untreated, inoculated and acid‐treated silage respectively (P = 0·015). The inoculant increased α‐tocopherol content in the red clover silages (50·1 vs. 34·2 mg kg^?1 DM; P = 0·015) compared with untreated red clover silages. Red clover mixtures had lower β‐carotene content than Bft + Ti (32·3 vs. 46·2 mg kg^?1 DM; P = 0·016), averaged over treatments. In conclusion, wilting had small effects but the use of bacterial inoculant as an additive and a Bft + Ti mixture increased α‐tocopherol concentration in the silage.  相似文献   

Woody leguminous trees: New uses for sustainable development of drylands     

David Castro  Johanna Urzúa  Mariano Rodriguez-Malebran  Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(8):764-786

Woody leguminous species are valuable crops because of their nutritional, economic, and ecological characteristics. Such crops have aided in the recovery of marginal lands for agricultural development due to their ability to fix nitrogen, control erosion, and act as a refuge for other species, in addition to their capacity to improve soil mineral composition and microbial biodiversity. Nevertheless, some leguminous trees are recognized to be one of the worst invasive species that affect negatively biodiversity and the entire ecosystem balance. In this study, we review new global uses for some woody leguminous crops, highlighting new nutraceutical and pharmacological properties, their uses as bioenergy sources, and their ecological uses for bioremediation opening new possibilities of management. We aim to bring knowledge on the multiple benefits that these woody plants continue to provide to humans from economic, social, and environmental standpoints.  相似文献   

半干旱地区禾-豆混播草地生物固氮作用研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王平  周道玮  姜世成 《草业学报》2010,19(6):276-280

 本研究以羊草－沙打旺、羊草－兴安胡枝子、羊草－ 花苜蓿和羊草－ 紫花苜蓿混播草地为对象,比较４种豆科牧草在松嫩平原半干旱地区的生物固氮能力、氮素转移能力以及生物固氮量对草地氮产量的贡献。结果表明,羊草－沙打旺、羊草－紫花苜蓿混播草地氮产量显著高于单播羊草草地,草地粗蛋白含量的增加显著改善了草地质量。沙打旺、兴安胡枝子、花苜蓿和紫花苜蓿生物固氮率为３５％～４０％,大气氮是豆科牧草生长不可缺少的氮素来源。豆科牧草向羊草转移氮素２～１２ｋｇＮ／（ｈｍ^２·ａ）,占羊草氮产量的５％ ～２４％。豆科植物的固氮能力增加了草地氮素资源,沙打旺、兴安胡枝子、花苜蓿和紫花苜蓿生物固氮量分别占其混播草地总氮产量的２０．３０％,１７．７８％,１１．２９％和３１．７７％。  相似文献   

河北坝上天然割草地补播豆科牧草早期建植的研究     

阎子盟  陈倩  张玉娟  潘利  黄顶  王堃 《草地学报》2016,24(1):178-183

为研究河北坝上天然割草地补播不同品种豆科牧草早期建植情况,试验选择沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)、黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)、达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)6种豆科牧草在河北坝上天然割草地进行补播,对补播牧草当年幼苗生长情况进行研究,结果表明:小叶锦鸡儿出苗率及存活率最高,分别为60%和92%。紫花苜蓿、箭筈豌豆幼苗株高最高,分别为13.34和13.74cm;二者平均相对生长速率最大,分别为0.160cm·d^-1和0.179cm·d^-1;达乌里胡枝子出苗率和存活率最低,分别为6.67%和0%。天然割草地补播豆科牧草,其中紫花苜蓿和箭筈豌豆早期建植能力最强,其次是小叶锦鸡儿,达乌里胡枝子早期建植能力最差。  相似文献   

Rice Yields Enhanced through Integrated Management of Cover Crops and Phosphate Rock in Phosphorus‐deficient Ultisols in West Africa     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19-20):2894-2919

The relatively low solubility and availability of phosphorus (P) from indigenous phosphate rock could be enhanced by legumes in the acid soils of humid forest agroecosystems. Crotalaria micans L. was grown in a screenhouse without P or with P from triple superphosphate (TSP) and Malian Tilemsi Rock P. The P response of 20 cover crops was field‐evaluated using TSP and Rock P. In both experiments, the fertilized cover crops were followed by upland rice without mineral N or P application. Mean rice grain yield and agronomic residual P‐use efficiency were similar for both P sources. In the field, 1‐year fallow treatment of Canavalia ensiformis (velvet bean) supplied with Mali Rock P gave the highest rice grain yield of 3.1 Mg ha^?1, more than 180% that of 2‐year continuous unfertilized rice (cv. ‘WAB 56‐50’). Among continuous rice plots, ‘NERICA 2’ (interspecific rice) supplied with Rock P produced the highest yield (2.0 Mg ha^?1), suggesting that ‘NERICA 2’ might have greater potential to solubilize rock P. Results indicate that when combined with an appropriate legume, indigenous rock‐P can release sufficient P to meet the P requirement of the legume and a following upland rice crop in rotation.  相似文献