Molecular cytogenetics in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) and identification of sex chromosomes by DAPI-banding     

G.I. Karlov  T.V. Danilova  C. Horlemann  G. Weber 《Euphytica》2003,130(2):185-190

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) waskaryotyped by Fluorescence In SituHybridization (FISH) with probes 18S-25Sand 5S rDNA as well as DAPI banding andmeasurements of lengths of chromosome.Irrespective of the sex of the plants theseprobes revealed one signal near thetelomere of chromosome 6 and two signalseach on chromosomes 2 and 5.The shortest chromosome in a metaphaseplate of a male plant was designated to bechromosome Y. It displayed neither signalswith FISH nor DAPI bands. A middle sizedmetacentric chromosome with no telomericbut with an interstitial DAPI band on theshort arm was designated as X. Allautosomes displayed telomeric DAPI-positivebands. For the first time all mitotic hopchromosomes including the sex chromosomeswere identified by methods of molecularcytogenetics.  相似文献   

Fertility improvement in tetraploid pearl millet     

M. Dujardin  W. W. Hanna 《Euphytica》1989,42(3):285-289

Summary Autotetraploid (2n=4x=28) pearl millet inbred lines, Tift 23BE and Tift 239DB, have been developed for use in crosses with other polyploid Pennisetum species. Each line set less than 1% and 3% selfed and open-pollinated seed, respectively. Seed germination was usually less than 17%. First generation (F₁) hybrids between the two inbreds set up to 61% seed while up to 40% of the seed from hybrids germinated.Seed weight per inflorescence for two planting dates averaged 0.32 g and 3.06 g for the two inbreds and the second generation F₂ progeny, respectively. One hundred seed weight was also significantly higher (0.78 g vs 0.48 g) in the F₂ progeny, probably due better endosperm development. Chromosome behavior and pollen stainability were similar in the inbred parents and hybrids. However, the hybrids shed more pollen than the inbred parents.Heterosis was evident in the F₁ hybrids and F₂ progeny which showed significant increases in plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and inflorescence length in addition to fertility improvement.  相似文献   

A sequence-specific PCR marker linked with Pm21 distinguishes chromosomes 6AS, 6BS, 6DS of Triticum aestivum and 6VS of Haynaldia villosa   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

A. Z. Cao    X. E. Wang    Y. P. Chen    X. W. Zou    P. D. Chen 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(3):201-205

To develop markers linked with Pm21 located on chromosome 6VS of Haynaldia villosa, a pair of primers (NAU/xibao15F and NAU/xibao15R) were designed according to the sequence of a serine/threonine kinase gene (Contig17515), whose expression was induced by Blumeria graminis and selected from the gene expression experiment using the Barley GeneChip. Using genomic DNA of various genetic stocks including the wheat variety ‘Yangmai#5’, H. villosa, Triticum durum–H. villosa amphiploid, seven T. aestivum–H. villosa addition lines involving chromosomes 1V–7V, the translocation line T6VS·6AL, and 21 nullisomic–tetrasomic and eight deletion lines of T. aestivum‘Chinese Spring’ as templates, four amplicons specific for 6VS, 6AS, 6BS and 6DS, respectively, were produced. F₂ individuals derived from the cross of ‘Yangmai#5’ × T6VS·6AL were analysed, and data indicate that NAU/xibao15₉₀₂ could be used as a co‐dominant marker for selecting Pm21 located on 6VS.  相似文献   

Preliminary study of the newly discovered tobacco species Nicotiana wuttkei Clarkson et Symon     

Dorota Laskowska  Apoloniusz Berbeć 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):835-839

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Sex chromosomes behavior and G‐banding treatment of male meiosis in nuptial gift‐giving spiders of the family Trechaleidae     

Maria J. ALBO  Alicia POSTIGLIONI 《Integrative zoology》2011,6(1):56-62

Preliminary genetic studies in Trechaleidae spider family show high variation in sex chromosomes and high heterocigocity, suggesting high chromatin plasticity. The trechaleids Paratrechalea ornata, Trechalea bucculenta and Trechaleoides biocellata are present in Uruguay. Males offering nuptial gifts during courtship have been reported in P. ornata and T. bucculenta but not in T. biocellata. Nuptial gifts are an inherited trait probably highly affected by environmental factors, which play an important role in gene expression. We hypothesize that this trait could be associated with tissue‐specific genes existing in G‐bands. We investigate the male meiosis in these 3 species, their sex chromosome system and the effects of G‐banding on their chromosomes, and elucidate genetic differences among them. Meiotic stages of the 3 species were submitted to Giemsa‐staining and G‐banding treatments. We observed a haploid number of n= 11 in P. ornata and n= 13 in both T. bucculenta and T. biocellata. Males from the 3 species presented an X₁X₂0 sex chromosome system, which is suggested as ancestral in Araneae. In P. ornata and T. bucculenta, both sex chromosomes were together and aligned in parallel until the segregation during anaphase I. In contrast to these species, sex chromosomes of T. biocellata usually remained distant from each other until diakinesis when they were observed associated in parallel disposition. Interstitial G‐bands were similar in P. ornata and T. bucculenta, and they both differed from those in T. biocellata. The special behavior of sex chromosomes in T. biocellata as well as the different G‐banding pattern of this species suggests the existence of novel modifications in this species.  相似文献   

栽培因素对北方粳稻产量及米质的影响(Ⅴ)——中期不同比例追肥对产量及米质的影响     

严光彬  李彦利  孟令君  王万成  贾玉敏  严永峰 《北方水稻》2005,(2):17-18

通过田间小区试验研究中期不同氮肥追施比例对水稻产量及米质的影响,结果表明,减少穗肥施用量有利于提高米质,而不利于提高产量。并提出,在北方粳稻栽培区,每公顷氮肥施用量在120kg纯氮的条件下,补肥和穗肥的施用量应各为总氮量的30%为宜。  相似文献   

草棉染色体高分辨显带技术的初步研究     

郑泗军  季道藩  许复华 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1990,(2)

以草棉(Gossypium herbaceum L.)的根尖为材料,采用5μg/ml放线菌素D(AMD)+0.002mol/l 8—羟基喹啉混合液处理1.5h,Ohnuki′s溶液中低渗0.5h。根尖在载玻片上加固定液捣碎法制片,首次在草棉中诱导出高分辨的染色体带纹。显示的带纹随染色体所处阶段而有所变化,前期和晚前期染色体带纹最多。早中期次之,中期染色体仍能显示1～4个带纹。  相似文献   

豆类植物三种类型染色体(大、中、小)核型分析方法的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

岳爱琴  李贵全  杜维俊  孔照胜 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,21(2):118-120

本文选用三种豆类植物———蚕豆、豌豆、大豆、分别代表大、中、小三种不同类型的染色体 ,研究了其核型 ,并对研究方法进行了讨论。结果表明 ,蚕豆属于大型染色体 ,6对染色体平均长度为 11 33μm ,核型分类为2A ,核型公式为 2n =2x =12 =4m + 4Sm (2SAT) + 2ST + 2T ,豌豆属于中等大小染色体 ,7对染色体平均长度为 5 5 0μm ,核型分类为 2A ,核型公式 2n =2x =14=2M + 4m + 8sm ;大豆属于小染色体 ,2 0对染色体的平均长度为 1 93μm ,核型属于 2B类型 ,核型公式为 2n =2x =40 =2M + 30m + 8sm (2SAT)  相似文献   

小麦BNS雄性不育基因连锁群分析和主效QTLs初步定位     

杨靖  卫笑  付庆云  曹银萍  茹振钢  李友勇 《麦类作物学报》2022,(11):1334-1342

为初步定位小麦温敏雄性不育系BNS中与不育相关的QTL及其所属连锁群,用BNS及其完全保持系郑麦366的F₂为作图群体,建立自交结实率和花粉可育率两个表型BSA池,选用均匀分布在小麦染色体上的710个SSR分子标记,在BSA池中筛选连锁标记,并进行QTL定位,同时用连锁标记引物在BNS DNA中重扩增,扩增产物序列在小麦基因组中进行比对,验证标记所属染色体并分子定位。结果表明,在2对BSA池中共筛选到12个连锁标记,涉及8个连锁群。单标记分析发现,5个连锁标记（Xwmc396、Xwmc517、Xbarc55、Xwmc332和Xwmc752）与不育QTL紧密连锁。用区间分析法分析发现,有2个主效不育QTL,分别为2B染色体上的 qBS1 （紧密连锁Xwmc332和Xbarc55）和7B染色体上的 qBS2 （紧密连锁Xwmc396和Xwmc517）。两个主效QTL的LOD值均大于5,贡献率均大于13%,且显性效应均大于加性效应。  相似文献   

秋水仙碱诱导铁皮石斛多倍体研究初报     

张青华  李枝林  唐敏  许春城  席会鹏 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,26(5):678-683

采用浸泡法对铁皮石斛的拟原球茎、丛生芽进行多倍体诱导。结果表明：用 ００９％秋水仙碱处理 ２４ｈ诱导丛生芽效果最佳,变异率达到 ４８％,死亡率为 １０％。通过对叶、气孔、染色体的检测,证明变异芽为四倍体或嵌合体。四倍体较二倍体发生了显著变化且嵌合体需要分割培养为整倍体。二倍体细胞染色体数为 ２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３８,四倍体细胞染色体数为 ２ｎ＝４ｘ＝７６。  相似文献