Genetic variability of six indigenous goat breeds using major histocompatibility complex-associated microsatellite markers     

Patricy de Andrade Salles  Silvana C. Santos  Davide Rondina  Mathias Weller 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(2):127-132

The present study aimed at analyzing the genetic variability of indigenous goat breeds (Capra hircus) using the MHC-associated microsatellite markers BF1, BM1818, BM1258, DYMS1, and SMHCC1. The following breeds were included: Chinese Xuhuai, Indian Changthangi and Pashmina, Kenyan Small East African (SEA) and Galla, and Albanian Vendi. To examine genetic variability, the levels of heterozigosity, degrees of inbreeding, and genetic differences among the breeds were analyzed. The mean number of alleles ranged from nine in the Galla to 14.5 in the Vendi breed. The mean observed heterozygosity and mean expected heterozygosity varied from 0.483 in the Vendi to 0.577 in the Galla breed, and from 0.767 in the SEA to 0.879 in the Vendi breed, respectively. Significant loss of heterozygosity (p < 0.01) indicated that these loci were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean F_IS values ranged from 0.3299 in the SEA to 0.4605 in the Vendi breed with a mean value of 0.3623 in all breeds (p < 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 7.14% and 4.74% genetic variation existed among the different breeds and geographic groups, whereas 92.86% and 95.26% existed in the breeds and the geographic groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The microsatellite marker analysis disclosed a high degree of genetic polymorphism. Loss of heterozygosity could be due to genetic drift and endogamy. The genetic variation among populations and geographic groups does not indicate a correlation of genetic differences with geographic distance.  相似文献   

Pathogenicity of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) populations on tobacco cultivars     

H. Buschmann†  G. Gonsior  J. Sauerborn 《Plant pathology》2005,54(5):650-656

Parasitic weed species of the genus Orobanche are a serious threat for the production of several crops in Europe, Africa and Asia. In contrast to other broomrape species of agronomic importance, O. ramosa (branched broomrape) has a broad host range and in Europe particularly affects hemp, tobacco, tomato and, in recent times, oilseed rape. Two separate sets of experiments investigated the effect of two populations of O. ramosa on nine tobacco cultivars grown in Europe and belonging to the three major tobacco types: Virgin (flue-cured), Burley (light air-cured) and dark air-cured under standardized glasshouse conditions. The two broomrape populations were discriminated by means of polymorphic DNA fragments obtained by PCR of the intersimple sequence repeat regions (ISSRs). The Orobanche populations exhibited different levels of pathogenicity but all various tobacco cultivars were susceptible. Dark air-cured tobacco cultivars were the least susceptible to both broomrape populations. Virgin and Burley tobacco cultivars were more susceptible to one population of O. ramosa .  相似文献   

Genetic relationships and hybrid vigour in olive (Olea europaea L.) by microsatellites     

Iris Biton  Sofia Shevtsov  Oren Ostersetzer  Yair Mani  Shimon Lavee  Benjamin Avidan  Giora Ben‐Ari 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(6):767-774

The olive (Olea europaea) is one of the most important oleaginous crops of the Mediterranean basin. Increased demand for olive oil creates a need for new olive varieties to help meet the requirements of the global market. However, olive breeding has been handicapped by such varied challenges as a prolonged juvenile period, agrotechnical problems and insufficient genetic knowledge. The use of DNA markers has the potential to overcome these problems and increase the effectiveness of classical breeding programmes. In this study, co‐dominant polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used as markers to analyse the genetic relationships between several local and other ‘non‐native’ olive cultivars. Cluster analysis revealed four major groups among the 15 cultivars examined in this study. Table and oil cultivars were clustered in different groups. However, the clusters did not differentiate between cultivars of different geographical origins. In addition, we used the data gathered to analyse genetic relationships to evaluate the effects of heterosis in agricultural traits. Genetic distances between cultivars were determined based on the SSR genotype data and were used for evaluating the possible effects of heterosis in various F₁ populations. Interestingly, phenotypic data of F₁ progenies from crosses between different cultivars indicated the potential effects of heterosis as expressed in several traits. Genetic distance between parents was significantly correlated to F₁ performance for three traits: percentage of dry fruit weight, oil content and commercial oil production. Thus, crosses between olive cultivars exhibiting relatively extensive genetic distances one from the other are expected to result in better progeny performance in future Olea breeding programmes. Our study linked assessment of biodiversity of commercial olive cultivars with the application of this information in olive breeding programmes for selection of specific parents to generate superior new cultivars.  相似文献   

Development of EST‐SSR markers for diversity and breeding studies in opium poppy     

Hatice Şelale  Ibrahim Çelik  Visam Gültekin  Jens Allmer  Sami Doğanlar  Anne Frary 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(3):344-351

All publicly available opium poppy expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences, totalling 20 885, were assembled into unigenes and examined for simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Nearly 19% of the 14 957 unigenes contained SSRs with 4% harbouring more than one SSR. Average density of the SSRs was 1 SSR per 3.6 kb of non‐redundant EST sequence. Trinucleotide SSRs were most frequently identified (39%), and many of the most prevalent motifs were AT‐rich. Flanking primers were designed for 86% of the SSRs and 67 primer pairs were tested on 37 opium poppy accessions and seven related species. All markers were transferable to the related species. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values for the markers were intermediate for comparisons within opium poppy (average of 0.27) and slightly higher for comparisons across species (average of 0.29). The markers were found to be useful for diversity analysis as they successfully distinguished among Turkish opium poppy accessions and land races.  相似文献   

东北地区东方蜜蜂遗传分化和多样性分析     

郝璐楠  周姝婧  朱翔杰  徐新建  蔡宗兵  牛庆生  袁春颖  陈东海  周冰峰 《东北农业大学学报》2019,50(9):35-43

调查我国东北地区东方蜜蜂Apis cerana,分析其遗传分化并探讨隔离机制,明确东北东方蜜蜂种群遗传特征和多样性水平,探究蜜蜂种群遗传分化和遗传多样性相关规律,建立并完善东方蜜蜂种群遗传学。利用33个形态标记和38个微卫星DNA标记,对东北7个样点共461群东方蜜蜂及北京平谷、浙江金华、四川平昌、海南儋州外群作遗传分化、遗传特征和遗传多样性分析。形态标记、微卫星DNA标记分析结果均显示,分布于长白山山脉抚松、安图、敦化、本溪、宽甸东方蜜蜂聚为同一种群。长白山种群肘脉指数、翅长、第五背板绒毛带长、第四腹板长等形态指标数值较高。微卫星各位点等位基因以1、2种为主,频率达80%以上的21个。遗传多样性结果显示,长白山种群的观察杂合度、有效等位基因数、多态信息含量等数值较低。东北地区东方蜜蜂主要分布在吉林、辽宁长白山山区,形成长白山东方蜜蜂种群。该种群与北京、四川、浙江、海南东方蜜蜂发生明显遗传分化,遗传多样性水平较低。分化主要原因为辽宁省长白山以西平原地区,东方蜜蜂逐渐消失,基因流阻断。长白山东方蜜蜂种群遗传多样性水平较低,环境和人为因素导致种群数量减少。  相似文献   

Molecular characterisation of Berberis thunbergii cultivars using microsatellite markers     

Kerry A. Lambert 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(2):156-160

Due to a growing concern for black stem rust (BSR) disease in wheat-producing regions of the USA and Canada, the sale and movement of barberry plants to ‘quarantined’ regions is restricted to just a few cultivars approved as being BSR-resistant. Currently, verification of a given barberry plant as being ‘true-to-type’ of the approved cultivar relies on comparing its morphological features with those of its reference cultivar. Frequently, this approach leads to mis-identification of cultivars due to the similarity of morphological features among young plants. The approach is complicated, or not at all useful, when the plants are dormant, which is the stage at which plants are sold. A reliable technique that could be used at any stage of plant growth to identify and verify cultivars is needed. In this study, the genetic diversity of 51 barberry cultivars was assessed using microsatellite markers, and their genotypic profiles were developed based on the allele composition of different microsatellite loci. A total of 43 alleles were generated at seven microsatellite loci, and all were polymorphic. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) cluster analysis of the Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity matrix showed that 84.3% of the 51 cultivars tested were distinct from each other. Ten of the 11 cultivars approved for import into Canada were distinguishable based on their genotypic profiles. The results indicated that microsatellite-based genotyping could be used by regulatory agencies to identify and offer ‘true-to-type’ guarantees to cultivars destined for BSR ‘quarantined’ regions, and to verify the uniqueness of new cultivars when issuing Plant Patents.  相似文献   

Factors influencing male mating success in bur oak,Quercus macrocarpa     

Dow  Beverly D.  Ashley  Mary V. 《New Forests》1998,15(2):161-180

Pollen donors of acorns and saplings in a stand of bur oak were identified by paternity exclusion using microsatellite genotype analysis. Here we examine the influence of several factors likely to affect reproductive success of males with wind-dispersed pollen, including distance of pollen donor from maternal tree, genetic relatedness of pollen donor to maternal tree, direction of pollen donor relative to maternal tree, and size of pollen donor (crown volume and trunk diameter). Surprisingly, none of these factors were strongly correlated with fertilization success, although weak but significant correlations with crown volume and distance were found. The slight influence of distance is actually overestimated here, because our analysis necessarily excluded a large proportion of pollinations that were effected by trees outside the stand. The pollen donors outside the stand were not identified, but were more than 150 meters away. Pollination patterns in this stand of bur oak are quite complicated. Seed parents were fertilized by multiple pollen donors within the stand from all directions and as far as 200 m away. These results caution against the use of models of pollination that are based on simple distance or directional parameters because they will not adequately predict gene flow or male reproductive success. Our results further emphasize the importance of genetically identifying successful pollen donors rather than relying on patterns of physical movement of pollen.  相似文献   

Low level of polymorphism detected by SSR probes in bread wheat   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

R. K. Varshney    P. C. Sharma    P. K. Gupta    H. S. Balyan    B. Ramesh    J. K. Roy    A. Kumar  A. Sen 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(2):182-184

In-gel hybridization patterns were studied in a set of nine diverse bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) genotypes using 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) probes in combination with 14 different restriction enzymes. Multilocus fingerprints due to SSR probes, shown earlier to be characteristic of a majority of plant genomes, were not obtained and only a very low level of polymorphism was detected when using as many as 142 probe-enzyme combinations. The hybridization of a prominent solitary high molecular weight fragment (> 23 kb) with a number of SSR probes suggested the presence of these SSRs (microsatellites) within the long stretches of repeated DNA sequences. This indicates that the genome of bread wheat differs from that of other plants in the organization and distribution of SSRs and that SSR probes detect very little polymorphism.  相似文献   

The potential of microsatellites for high throughput genetic diversity assessment in wheat and barley   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

P. Donini  P. Stephenson  G.J. Bryan  R.M.D. Koebner 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(5):415-421

Microsatellite (SSR) profiles from 65 wheats and 135 barleys have been generated, involving 14 and 22 loci, respectively. The wheat and barley varieties were chosen to represent the bulk of the area sown to these crops in the UK over the past 70 years. The profiling identified genotypic mixtures in some seed samples. Null alleles were common in wheat, but rare in barley. We describe attempts to increase the efficiency of data acquisition. High resolution agarose gel electrophoresis was unable to satisfactorily resolve 1–2 repeat unit differences in the common size range for SSR loci, and was therefore unsuitable for mass screening of allelic variants. Multiplex PCR was very dependent on the choice of primer combinations and seldom produced amplifications as consistently as when primer pairs were used individually. Background (non-specific) amplification was common to many primer pairs, and this hindered the use of both multiplex PCR and multiple sample loading. Sequential sample loading was the most effective strategy, although this was the least time-efficient of the measures used.  相似文献   

High frequency of multiple paternity in the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle          下载免费PDF全文

Xingjiang Bu  Yanmei Jiang  Liuwang Nie  Xingquan Xia 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(9):5155-5158

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