A set of highly polymorphic microsatellites useful for kinship and population analysis in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Belén G Pardo  Miguel Hermida  Carlos Fernández  Carmen Bouza  Montse Pérez  Angela Llavona  Laura Sánchez  & Paulino Martínez 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(15):1578-1582

The turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a flatfish species of great commercial value for aquaculture. In this study we describe the isolation and characterization of 30 novel highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in this species obtained from a genomic library enriched for seven short tandem repeated motifs. Much higher polymorphism (mean number of alleles: 13.37; mean expected heterozygosity: 0.869) and potential for parentage assignment than previously reported for microsatellites in turbot were found after the analysis of 24 wild individuals. Most loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations, excluding Sma‐USC20 and Sma‐USC28, which showed a high heterozygote deficit probably due to the presence of null alleles. No significant genotypic disequilibrium was observed between any pair of loci, suggesting no close linkage between them. These loci are potentially useful for kinship and population analysis in turbot.  相似文献   

Conservation genetic assessment of the paleback darter,Etheostoma pallididorsum,a narrowly distributed endemic in the Ouachita Highlands,Arkansas, USA     

Brittany L. McCall  Brook L. Fluker 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(7):1817-1830

1. The paleback darter, Etheostoma pallididorsum, is considered imperilled and has recently been petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Previous allozyme-based studies found evidence of a small effective population size, warranting conservation concern. The objective of this study was to assess the population dynamics and the phylogeographical history of the paleback darter, using a multilocus microsatellite approach and mitochondrial DNA.
2. The predictions of this study were that: paleback darter populations will exhibit low genetic diversity and minimal gene flow; population structure will correspond to the river systems from which the samples are derived; reservoir dams impounding the reaches between the Caddo and Ouachita rivers would serve as effective barriers to gene flow; and the Caddo and Ouachita rivers are reciprocally monophyletic.
3. Microsatellite DNA loci revealed significant structure among sampled localities (global F_st = 0.17, P < 0.001), with evidence of two distinct populations representing the Caddo and Ouachita rivers. However, Bayesian phylogeographical analyses resulted in three distinct clades: Caddo River, Ouachita River, and Mazarn Creek. Divergence from the most recent ancestor shared among the river drainages was estimated at 60 Kya. Population genetic diversity was relatively low (H_e = 0.65; mean alleles per locus, A = 6.26), but was comparable with the population genetic diversity found in the close relatives slackwater darter, Etheostoma boschungi (H_e = 0.65; A = 6.74), and Tuscumbia darter, Etheostoma tuscumbia (H_e = 0.57; A = 5.53).
4. These results have conservation implications for paleback darter populations and can be informative for other headwater specialist species. Like other headwater species with population structuring and relatively low genetic diversity, the persistence of paleback darter populations is likely to be tied to the persistence and connectivity of local breeding and non-breeding habitat. These results do not raise conservation concern for a population decline; however, the restricted distribution and endemic status of the species still renders paleback darter populations vulnerable to extirpation or extinction.

  相似文献   

单核苷酸多态性标记在牛亲子鉴定中的应用与展望     

李东  初芹  王雅春 《中国畜牧杂志》2011,47(7)

在牛的育种实践和科学研究中,正确的系谱记录是准确估计育种值、提高遗传进展的基础,是研究各性状分子机理的重要保证。而在生产实践中,由于各种原因,系谱错误在所难免,因此亲子鉴定作为纠正系谱错误的重要方法是育种实践和科研中不可或缺的研究内容。目前用于牛亲子鉴定的标记主要是微卫星标记(SSR)和单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记。作为第三代分子标记,SNP标记具有数量丰富、遗传稳定、判型错误率低、操作方便、检测自动化的优点,非常适合用于大规模群体的亲子鉴定。随着SNP检测成本的降低,在牛亲子鉴定中有取代微卫星标记之势。  相似文献   

Potato cultivar identification using simple sequence repeats markers (SSR)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. Moisan-Thiery  S. Marhadour  M. C. Kerlan  N. Dessenne  M. Perramant  T. Gokelaere  Y. Le Hingrat 《Potato Research》2005,48(3-4):191-200

Summary Identification of potato cultivars is currently based on phenotypic characters. Crop inspections are needed at different stages and the increasing number of cultivars means the process is becoming more and more complex. Molecular markers are a possible complementary tool to identify potato cultivars and to rapidly check the identity of seeds lots. In this study 286 potato cultivars produced in France were characterized by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. Sequential amplifications with 4 to 5 of the chosen SSR markers enabled complete discrimination between all the cultivars. The patterns were registered in a database and the procedure is now used routinely in France.  相似文献   

Population structure of Phytophthora infestans collected on potato and tomato in Italy     

Amanda C. Saville  Federico La Spada  Roberto Faedda  Quirico Migheli  Bruno Scanu  Paolo Ermacora  Giovanna Gilardi  Giorgia Fedele  Vitorrio Rossi  Nicolo Lenzi  Antonino Testa  Mohamed Bechir Allagui  Marwa Moumni  Enza Dongiovanni  Fatma Zohra Rekad  David E. L. Cooke  Antonella Pane  Santa O. Cacciola  Jean B. Ristaino 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):2165-2178

Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a disease of potato and tomato of worldwide relevance and is widespread throughout Europe and the Mediterranean region. While pathogen populations in northern Europe have been sampled and characterized for many years, the genetic structure of populations from southern Europe, including Italy, has been less studied. Between 2018 and 2019, we collected 91 samples of P. infestans from potato and tomato crops in Italy, Algeria, and Tunisia on FTA cards and genotyped them using 12-plex microsatellites. These samples were compared to genotypes of P. infestans previously collected within the framework of the EuroBlight network and from published sources. Four clonal lineages were identified: 13_A2 (Blue 13), 2_A1, 23_A1, and 36_A2. Two other isolates collected could not be matched to any currently known clonal lineage. The 13_A2 and 36_A2 lineages were found exclusively in southern Italy and Algeria, while 2_A1 was only found in Algeria. This is the first report of the 36_A2 lineage in Italy. Two isolates from Solanum nigrum were 13_A2, suggesting this weed host could be a reservoir of inoculum. The 23_A1 lineage was found widely on infected tomato crops in Italy and is the same as the lineage US-23 that is widespread in North America. Differences in genotypes across the country suggests that there may be different sources of introduction into Italy, possibly via infected seed tubers from other countries in Europe, tubers for consumption from North Africa, or tomatoes.  相似文献   

Diversity of the Icelandic goat breed assessed using population data     

B. K. Baldursdottir  T. Kristjansson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):53-65

Abstract

The Icelandic goat breed is a closed population consisting of around 700 animals kept in 45 herds. Several population bottlenecks are known to have occurred and the population has at least twice declined below 100 animals. Here the genetic diversity of the breed was estimated using pedigree information, D-loop sequencing and microsatellite markers. The annual rate of inbreeding was estimated as 3% and the effective population size as 5.1 animals. The effective population size based on molecular markers was estimated in the range of 4.1–8.8 individuals and mtDNA D-loop sequencing identified only three haplotypes. The results presented here show the population to be highly inbred, fragmented and the level of genetic variation among the lowest found in livestock. The results will be an important input into conservation planning for the Icelandic goat.  相似文献   

鲢三、四核苷酸重复微卫星标记的筛选及其特征分析     

谭照君  张天奇  鲁翠云  李超  孙效文 《上海水产大学学报》2011,(3)

通过磁珠富集法筛选鲢(Hypophthalmichtys molitrix)的三、四核苷酸重复微卫星分子标记。提取鲢血液大片段基因组DNA,用限制性内切酶Sau3AI进行酶切,蔗糖密度梯度离心收集400~900 bp长度的片段,构建鲢全基因组PCR文库,用生物素标记的微卫星探针(TGA)8、(CAG)8以及(AGAT)6进行筛选,磁珠富集含有微卫星序列的DNA片段,获得含有微卫星的单链序列;将这些序列通过PCR扩增,连接pMD 18-T载体,转入感受态大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α,获得微卫星文库;再用γ-32P标记的放射性同位素探针进行二次杂交筛选,获得1 758个阳性克隆,选择测序348个克隆序列中,共含有280个微卫星座位,其中完美型167个(59.64%),非完美型28个(10%),混合型85个(30.36%)。Primer 3.0软件设计60对引物,并用珠江水系的野生鲢群体对引物进行多态性位点检测。统计软件分析显示其中22对具有较高的筛选效率和多态性,可作为鲢种质评价等遗传分析的工具。研究亮点:首次利用多碱基(三、四核苷酸重复)探针筛选出微卫星分子标记结合同位素探针进行两次筛选...  相似文献   

跨物种扩增筛选获得蓝马鸡(Crossoptilon auritum)微卫星多态分子标记(英文)     

谷浪屿  刘阳  王宁  张正旺 《中国鸟类》2012,3(2):103-107

微卫星是分子生态学研究常用分子标记之一。与建库筛选获得微卫星的方法相比,跨物种扩增是快速获得近缘物种微卫星分子标记的一种有效方法。本研究通过对中国特有雉类蓝马鸡(Crossoptilon auritum)进行跨物种扩增,从鸡形目112个微卫星位点筛选获得了11个微卫星多态分子标记。这组分子标记的多态性从中度到高度,并包含一个Z-染色体连锁位点。利用这组分子标记对已知谱系的笼养个体进行初步亲子鉴定,表明这组微卫星分子标记的高度实用性能够为马鸡属及鸡形目其他濒危物种的保护遗传学研究提供有力工具。  相似文献   

Low pathotype diversity in a recombinant Puccinia striiformis population through convergent selection at the eastern Himalayan centre of diversity (Nepal)          下载免费PDF全文

S. Ali  S. Sharma  M. Leconte  S. J. A. Shah  E. Duveiller  J. Enjalbert  C. de Vallavieille‐Pope 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):810-820

Worldwide Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) epidemics have been reported to be driven by few genetic lineages, while a high diversity is evident at the Pst Himalayan centre of diversity. This study investigated the relationship between pathotype diversity and genetic structure in Nepal, the eastern Himalayan region, which has been largely unexplored. Despite the high genetic diversity and recombinant structure detected through microsatellite genotyping, characterization of virulence phenotypes for 62 isolates identified only eight pathotypes, with two pathotypes predominant over all the populations. This is in contrast to the Pakistani and Chinese recombinant populations, where high pathotype diversity is associated with genetic diversity. The most prevalent Nepali pathotype was not a unique clonal lineage, but was represented by seven multilocus genotypes from four distinct genetic subgroups, suggesting strong directional selection on virulence genes, resulting in convergent pathotypes in distinct genetic groups. This convergent selection is discussed in comparison with clonal French and recombinant Pakistani populations. Additionally, the Nepali Pst population carried virulence to 17 out of 24 tested yellow rust resistance genes (Yr), with the absence of virulence to Victo and Early Premium and resistance genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24 and Yr26. Virulence to Yr2, Yr7, Yr27 and YrSu were fixed in all isolates, in line with the deployment of these resistance genes in Nepal. The results reflect the influence of resistance gene deployment on selection of virulence and pathotypes in a recombinant pathogen population, which must be considered in the context of durable resistance gene deployment.  相似文献   

Populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata on Colocasia esculenta and other hosts in the Mata Atlântica region in Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

L. S. S. Oliveira  T. C. Harrington  M. A. Ferreira  R. G. Freitas  A. C. Alfenas 《Plant pathology》2018,67(1):97-106

Ceratocystis fimbriata is native to Brazil, where it is able to cause serious diseases on numerous hosts, especially on non‐native plants. Because C. fimbriata is soilborne and not wind dispersed, highly differentiated populations are found in different regions of Brazil. The present study compared populations of C. fimbriata on taro, mango, eucalyptus and kiwifruit from the coastal Mata Atlântica region with native populations of the fungus from the Cerrado‐transition region in Brazil by using 14 SSR markers and DNA sequences of ITS and mating type genes. Microsatellite and phylogenetic analyses were performed to test the hypothesis that populations on different hosts from the Mata Atlântica region are related to each other and are native to the region. The ITS sequences varied greatly among the taro isolates, with six sequences identified, from which two had not been previously reported. For mating type genes, four sequences were identified among the isolates on taro, mango, eucalyptus and kiwifruit. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Mata Atlântica populations formed a monophyletic group distinct from Cerrado‐transition region populations, although earlier studies had shown that isolates from the two regions are interfertile and are considered as a single biological species. Microsatellite analysis revealed low gene diversity for each of the three Mata Atlântica populations on taro, mango and kiwifruit, suggesting that these populations had gone through genetic bottlenecks, probably by dispersal of select genotypes in vegetative propagation material. Also, microsatellite markers showed that two microsatellite genotypes from taro are widely spread in Brazil, probably by infected corms.  相似文献