Physiology and defense responses of wheat to the infestation of different cereal aphids          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Fang-hua  KANG Zhi-wei  TAN Xiao-ling  FAN Yong-liang  TIAN Hong-gang  LIU Tong-xian 《农业科学学报》2020,19(6):1464-1474

Cereal aphids are major insect pests of wheat, which cause significant damages to wheat production. Previous studies mainly focused on the resistance of different wheat varieties to one specific aphid species. However, reports on the physiology and defense responses of wheat to different cereal aphids are basically lacking. In this work, we studied the feeding behavior of three cereal aphids: the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae(Fabricius), the greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum(Rondani), and the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus) on winter wheat, and the physiology and defense responses of wheat to the infestation of these cereal aphids with focus on how these cereal aphids utilize divergent strategies to optimize their nutrition requirement from wheat leaves. Our results indicated that S. graminum and R. padi were better adapted to penetrating phloem tissue and to collect more nutrition than S. avenae. The harm on wheat physiology committed by S. graminum and R. padi was severer than that by S. avenae, through reducing chlorophyll concentration and interfering metabolism genes. Furthermore, cereal aphids manipulated the plant nutrition metabolism by increasing the relative concentration of major amino acids and percentage of essential amino acids. In addition, different cereal aphids triggered specific defense response in wheat. All of these results suggested that different cereal aphids utilize divergent strategies to change the physiological and defense responses of their host plants in order to optimize their nutrition absorption and requirement. These findings not only extend our current knowledge on the insect–plant interactions but also provide useful clues to develop novel biotechnological strategies for enhancing the resistance and tolerance of crop plants against phloem-feeding insects.  相似文献   

我国苗木培育水肥管理研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林国祚  彭彦  谢耀坚 《桉树科技》2011,(1):61-66

本文从苗木营养诊断技术方面介绍了当前植株营养分析的进展;同时从苗木生长所需的水分、养分等方面阐述了苗木培育技术的研究进展,为苗木培育水肥管理提供一定思路。  相似文献   

Feeding of juvenile cobia,Rachycentron canadum: Evaluation of practical feeds,comparison of commercial fishmeal replacers,and estimation of essential amino acid requirements     

Thiago Raggi  Albert G. J. Tacon  Daniel Lemos 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(2):317-335

Three studies were conducted with juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum: (Study 1) a 10‐week feeding trial within floating net cages to test the nutritional efficacy of different dietary feeding regimes (trash‐fish control diet, a semimoist diet, an in‐house dry formulated diet, and a commercial cobia feed); (Study 2) a 10‐week feeding trial within an indoor water‐recirculating tank‐based system to test the nutritional efficiency of different potential dietary fishmeal replacers (poultry byproduct meal, soy protein concentrate, feather meal), a diet without taurine supplementation, and a commercial cobia feed; and (Study 3) estimation of the essential amino acid (EAA) requirements of cobia based on EAA whole‐body composition in fast‐growing cobia fed a trash‐fish‐based diet. Fish performance in terms of growth and feed efficiency was the greatest within the outdoor net‐cage feeding trial, with fish fed the control trash‐fish‐based diet exhibiting the best performance. Although fish growth was poorer within the indoor feeding trials, fish performance was similar for most diets, with apparent crude protein digestibility coefficients of over 75% being obtained in all experimental diets in both feeding trials. The estimated EAA requirements of cobia obtained during this study were similar to those reported for other similar marine carnivorous fish species.  相似文献   

Yield and nutritional evaluation of the banana hybrid ‘FHIA-18’ as influenced by phosphate fertilization     

Ana Carolina Batista Bolfarini  Fernando Ferrari Putti  Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo Souza  Marcelo de Souza Silva  Rafael Bibiano Ferreira  Magali Leonel 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(9):1331-1342

Abstract

The ‘FHIA-18’ hybrid banana is an alternative for producers as it is resistant to Black Sigatoka and Panama disease. However, few studies report the nutritional requirement of this hybrid, especially phosphorus. It is known that the efficiency of phosphorus use can be improved, reducing the need for application, depending on the genotype cultivated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the yield and mineral nutrition of ‘FHIA-18’ hybrid banana on phosphate fertilization. A banana orchard with the cultivar ‘FHIA-18’ was conducted on a Typical Red Latosol. Then, triple superphosphate fertilizer was applied on plants at 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60?kg ha^?1?year^?1, over three productive seasons. At the time of flowering the macro and micronutrient contents of the leaves were evaluated. Subsequently, the nutrient contents of the fruits were evaluated. For this, fruit pulp samples from the third and fourth hands were collected. In addition, yield was estimated considering cluster mass and plant density. The following dose 36?kg ha^?1 of P₂O₅ year^?1 increased the content of phosphorus in the leaf, despite that banana hybrid cultivar FHIA 18 demanded 50% of the recommended fertilizer to achieve its maximum yield (29.4 t ha^?1?year^?1). Phosphate fertilization promoted significant changes in P, Ca, Cu, and Zn contents of leaves and fruits. Therefore, it is concluded that the mineral nutrition of banana ‘FHIA-18’ is affected by phosphate fertilization, as well as requiring less P than recommended to achieve higher yield.  相似文献   

便携式猪肉营养组分无损实时检测装置研究     

王文秀  彭彦昆  郑晓春  孙宏伟  田芳  白京 《农业机械学报》2017,48(9):303-311

为了实现猪肉营养组分(脂肪和蛋白质)的快速、无损、实时检测,基于近红外反射光谱设计了便携式猪肉营养组分无损检测装置。硬件部分包括光谱采集单元、光源单元和控制单元,并开发了相应的检测软件,实现样品光谱信息的有效获取和实时分析。为了建立稳定可靠的预测模型,考察了波段选择、样本分组方式和筛选变量方法对模型的影响。分别基于可见/短波近红外(Vis/SWNIR)、长波近红外(LWNIR)及Vis/SWNIR-LWNIR,利用随机选择法(RS)、Kennard-Stone法(KS)和基于联合X-Y距离的样本划分法(SPXY)对样本进行划分,建立了脂肪和蛋白质质量分数的偏最小二乘预测模型。结果发现,基于Vis/SWNIR-LWNIR波段,利用SPXY算法进行样本分组,取得了最佳的预测模型。在此基础上,比较分析竞争性自适应加权算法、随机蛙跳算法和蒙特卡罗无信息变量消除-连续投影算法3种算法筛选变量建立的模型效果。基于竞争性自适应加权算法筛选变量的模型结果最佳,对脂肪和蛋白质建立的模型验证集相关系数分别为0.950 5和0.951 0。结果表明:基于近红外反射光谱设计的便携式猪肉组分检测装置可以对脂肪和蛋白质含量进行快速、无损、实时检测。  相似文献   

基于图像处理的作物营养诊断研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

秦小立  叶露  李玉萍  刘燕群  谢铮辉 《热带作物学报》2016,36(9):101-108

近年来，随着农业化肥滥用问题的日益突出，图像处理技术在作物营养诊断上的应用研究越来越多。通过对作物营养诊断研究背景的阐述，指出图像处理技术在作物营养诊断上应用的重要意义，介绍作物图像营养诊断研究的总体情况和基本思路，论述作物图像采集、图像预处理、特征提取与优化、分类识别4个环节所用技术方法以及取得的成果，并分析作物图像营养诊断方面存在的问题。  相似文献   

Differential response of corn inbreds to calcium     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(8):729-744

Abstract

Differential responses were noted among several corn (Zea mays L.) inbreds for Ca when grown in nutrient solutions at varied Ca stresses. Properties of one of the more “Ca‐efficient”; inbreds (Oh43) compared to one of the more “Ca‐inefficient”; inbreds (A251) are reported.

Oh43 produced more dry matter and developed fewer Ca stress symptoms when grown at both low and high Ca or with high Mg and K than A251. Comparable dry matter was produced by Oh43 at 4 times less Ca than A251. Oh43 also produced more dry matter per unit Ca than A251. Oh43 leaves and roots had lower Ca concentrations than A251 leaves and roots. With added Ca to solutions, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, and Cu concentrations decreased more in A251 than in Oh43. A251 contained higher P concentrations than Oh43. Functional and critical Ca concentrations appeared to be lower in Oh43 than in A251. Oh43 should grow and adapt better to Ca stress conditions than A251.  相似文献   

Elemental composition of birdsfoot trefoil     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):987-1013

Abstract

Developmental and environmental effects on mineral nutrient concentration in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) are not well documented. In this study, elemental composition of two birdsfoot trefoil stands were determined from a late vegetative stage through reproductive growth. ‘Norcen’ birdsfoot trefoil was established on a Glyndon silt loam (coarsesilty, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls) in Roseau County, Minnesota (49°N), in 1980, and Norcen and ‘Leo’ birdsfoot trefoil were seeded on a Waukegan silt loam (fine‐silty over sandy or sandy‐skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludolls) near Rosemount, Minnesota (45°N), in 1981. Shoot and root samples were taken at approximately biweekly intervals in the year following establishment. Shoots were separated into stems, leaves, umbels, and seed.

Environment influenced the concentration of most elements. This environmental effect was generally consistent among plant parts for Ca, Mg, S, Na, and Mn; i.e., all parts had a lower elemental concentrations at Rosemount than at Roseau. The relationship between environments for P, K, Zn, and Cu concentrations varied with different plant parts; i.e., some”; plant components had element concentrations higher at the southern than northern location, whereas other components had element concentrations that showed the converse. Although most elements were less concentrated with advancing developmental stage, environment modified the rate and extent of change in concentration of every element in at least one plant part. Interactions of environment with developmental stage were not as evident for shoots as for the separate shoot components. Whereas other reports have often emphasized the large differences in nutrient concentrations among legume species, our data suggest that nutrient concentration may be as strongly influenced by environment as by species.  相似文献   

铵硝配比对巴西香蕉生长和氮素营养的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王岚  黄承和  陈玉子  朱治强  常春荣 《热带作物学报》2016,37(1):26-29

采用水培法,在等氮条件下设置5种不同铵硝配比处理,探讨不同铵硝配比对巴西香蕉幼苗生长及其氮素营养特性的影响。结果表明,等氮条件下,适当地提高铵态氮比例可以提高香蕉的生物量;铵硝比为10∶90最适合香蕉的生长;增铵促进根系的生长,根系中铵、硝含量分别与培养液中铵态氮和硝态氮的含量有关。香蕉幼苗中氮的含量、累积量与铵硝配比有关,增加铵的比例地上部分氮含量和累积量高于全硝处理,促进氮的吸收和利用;铵硝配比影响香蕉叶绿素含量、光合速率以及硝酸还原酶活性,光合速率与叶绿素含量、硝酸盐含量与硝酸还原酶活性没有明显的正相关关系。在香蕉生长早期适当增加铵态氮供应可以促进香蕉根系的生长,有利于香蕉的早发、稳长。  相似文献   

Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis of a Sample of Plantain from Sur del Lago de Maracaibo (Venezuela)     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(20):2491-2503

The aim of the present study was the estimation of reference concentration values for plantain (Musa AAB subgroup plantain cv. Hartón) using the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis system. Eighty-eight plants were sampled in 2000–2001 in commercial orchards in Sur del Lago de Maracaibo (Venezuela), their yields recorded, and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and sodium (Na) concentrations determined in the foliar material. A yield cutoff of 16.98 kg·bunch^?1, obtained after modeling the cumulative variance ratio function versus yield relationships with sigmoidal (Boltzmann) equations, was selected as the value above which plants were regarded as high yielders. Estimations from the high-yield group (N = 31) resulted in the following reference concentrations for macronutrients (in g·kg^?1): 27.4 (N), 2.0 (P), 41.2 (K), 6.5 (Ca), 2.8 (Mg), 1.9 (S), and 0.5 (Na). For micronutrients the reference concentrations were (in mg·kg^?1): 15.6 (Zn), 8.3 (Cu), 64.0 (Fe), and 76.3 (Mn).  相似文献