甘蔗叶不同还田方式对土壤养分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

文少白  葛畅  李明  邹雨坤  侯宪文 《热带作物学报》2017,(8):1423-1426

为减轻秸秆焚烧所带来的环境问题和充分利用甘蔗叶资源,在大田环境下动态监测甘蔗叶粉碎、焚烧和深埋3种还田方式对土壤养分的影响。结果表明:甘蔗叶粉碎还田和深埋还田有利于甘蔗叶中有机碳及氮、磷、钾养分的缓慢释放;甘蔗叶焚烧还田提高了土壤碱解氮含量5.6~20.9 mg/kg和速效磷含量0.8~4.0 mg/kg,促进土壤中氮磷向有效态转化,焚烧还田初期显著增加了土壤速效钾的含量12.3~18.3 mg/kg,但焚烧会损失部分甘蔗叶中碳氮元素,也造成环境污染。综合分析认为甘蔗叶粉碎还田是比较省工、方便的处理方式。  相似文献   

Ray blight of pyrethrum in Australia: a review of the current status and future opportunities     

M. A. H. B. Bhuiyan  N. Vaghefi  P. W. J. Taylor 《Plant pathology》2019,68(4):620-627

Ray blight caused by Stagonosporopsis tanaceti is one of the most important diseases of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), a perennial herbaceous plant cultivated for the extraction of insecticidal pyrethrins in Australia. The disease is responsible for complete yield loss in severe outbreaks. Infected seed is considered as the principal source of S. tanaceti. Infection hyphae remain only in the seed coat and not in the embryo, resulting in pre- and post-emergence death of seedlings and latent infection. Therefore, quantification of the level of infection by S. tanaceti within seed using a qPCR assay is important for efficient management of the disease. Stagonosporopsis tanaceti completes its life cycle within 12 days after leaf infection through production of pycnidia and can infect every tissue of the pyrethrum plant except the vascular and root tissues. Ray blight epidemics occur in pyrethrum fields through splash dispersal of pycnidiospores between adjacent plants. Besides steam sterilization, thiabendazole/thiram and fludioxonil are effective seed-treating chemicals in controlling S. tanaceti before planting begins. Ray blight is currently managed in the field through the foliar application of strobilurin fungicides in the first 1–2 years of crop establishment. Later on, difenoconazole and multisite specific fungicides in the next 2–3 years during early spring successfully reduce ray blight infestation. Avoiding development of resistance to fungicides will require more sustainable management of ray blight including the development and deployment of resistant cultivars.  相似文献   

槟榔黄化病病原及检测方法研究进展     

车海彦  曹学仁  罗大全 《热带作物学报》2017,37(2):67-72

黄化病是一种严重威胁槟榔生产种植的毁灭性传染性病害，目前主要在印度和我国槟榔主产区发生。本文从非生物与生物因素两方面对槟榔黄化病病原认识过程及检测方法进行详细的综述。  相似文献   

2株毒死蜱降解菌的分离鉴定及其混合降解特性研究     

李怡  武春媛  李玮  李勤奋 《热带作物学报》2017,(8):1512-1518

从生产毒死蜱农药厂采集的活性污泥中分离筛选得到2株降解效率较高的毒死蜱降解菌,命名为D1、D3,根据表型特征、生理生化特性和16 S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将其鉴定为苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.)和副球菌属(Paracoccus sp.)细菌。2株菌以最佳配比(1∶1.25)混合施用时,与单菌相比,毒死蜱降解效率可提高12%~26%;以混合菌株为研究对象,发现其对毒死蜱最适降解温度为30℃,最适降解pH值为7.0,最适NaCl浓度为0.5%;混合菌株施入土壤后,可保持较高的定殖能力和降解效率。  相似文献   

氮磷钾用量对小麦冠层不同层次光截获和干物质分配的影响     

魏庆薪  于振文  张永丽  石玉 《麦类作物学报》2020,40(11):1351-1356

为明确不同氮、磷、钾用量对小麦冠层不同层次光截获和干物质分配的影响，以济麦22为供试材料，设置F0（不施肥）、F1（N 180 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 75 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 60 kg·hm^-2）、F2（N 225 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 120 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 105 kg·hm^-2）和F3（N 270 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 165 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 105 kg·hm^-2）4个施肥量处理，比较分析开花后不同氮、磷、钾用量对小麦叶面积指数、冠层不同层次光截获特性和成熟期干物质分配的影响。结果表明，F1处理下叶面积指数显著高于F0处理，而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异；开花后15 d，F1处理下小麦冠层不同层次及总PAR截获率和截获量均显著高于F0处理，而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异。F1处理下成熟期干物质在小麦冠层不同层次营养器官中的分配量、籽粒中的分配量及总干物质积累量显著高于F0处理，而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异。成熟期干物质在小麦冠层不同层次营养器官和籽粒中的分配量以及总干物质积累量与冠层上层（顶部至株高2/3）、中层（株高2/3至株高1/3）和总PAR截获率均呈显著正相关。F1处理（N 180 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 75 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 60 kg·hm^-2）为本试验条件下的最优处理。  相似文献   

白屈菜CmFAD2基因的克隆及植物转化载体构建     

赵露  李俊  周新芳  苑雪琪  朱雅静  魏云洁  许永华 《分子植物育种》2020,(6):1876-1882

通过对白屈菜低温应答过程的转录组分析发现膜脂不饱和化相关基因的表达在一定过程中发生变化,脂肪酸去饱和酶基因FAD2在随温度的变化趋势为正"V"型,且表达量变化显著。利用NCBI等在线软件对序列进行相关生物学信息分析,并对白屈菜FAD家族成员FAD2基因的完整开放阅读框(ORF)进行克隆,并命名为CmFAD2。选用克隆载体pMD-19-T,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,测序验证序列正确性及完整性。将目的基因与植物表达载体pRI-201-AN连接构建重组DNA pRI-201-AN-Cm FAD2,电击法转化农杆菌LBA4404,利用菌液PCR法验证成功。该基因可作为药用植物抗寒品种创制的候选基因。  相似文献   

基于土壤水分下限的宁夏枸杞滴灌灌溉制度试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐利岗  王怀博  鲍子云  李金泽 《排灌机械工程学报》2020,38(5):523-529

以宁杞7号枸杞为研究对象,在宁夏同心县开展2 a田间试验.设置4个关键控水期、3个控水水平共8个处理,研究枸杞不同生育期不同水分下限条件下根区土壤含水率、叶片光合生理指标、产量与品质变化;分析其耗水规律与水分利用效率,提出基于土壤水分下限的宁夏枸杞滴灌灌溉制度.结果表明:不同水分处理枸杞根区20~60 cm土层土壤含水率最大;叶片气孔导度随土壤下限升高而增大,高水分下限处理的蒸腾速率相对较大,叶片水分利用效率则相反;生育期耗水量随土壤水分下限升高而增大,2 a增幅分别为10.8%和12.8%,平均耗水量为386.6~463.2 mm,夏果期耗水量最大且差异具有统计学意义,是关键需水期.2 a均为处理S5的产量最大分别为2 208.15和2 571.30 kg/hm²,水分利用效率最高为0.39 kg/m³;水分处理对蛋白质含量影响差异不具有统计学意义,低土壤水分下限的枸杞多糖含量相对较高;全生育期分为6个灌水期,其中萌芽期灌水(春水)为375 m³/hm²;春梢生长期、花期、夏果期、秋果期的土壤质量含水率下限分别为50%θ_f(θ_f为田间持水率),65%θ_f,65%θ_f,55%θ_f,而上限为95%θ_f;休眠期冬灌量为450 m³/hm².  相似文献   

The roles of light and pericarp on seed dormancy and germination in feral Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)     

R B Vercellino  C E Pandolfo  A Cerrota  M Cantamutto  A Presotto 《Weed Research》2019,59(5):396-406

The timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish.  相似文献   

Zerumbone attenuates MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibition of oxidative stress     

CAO Rui-ping  WANG Jiao  WANG Ce 《园艺学报》2018,34(6):1061-1066

AIM: To investigate the role of zerumbone (ZER) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro and the protective effect of ZER against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) was knocked-down by using PARK7-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The protein levels of PARK7, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: MMP⁺ remarkably reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The SH-SY5Y cell injury model was established by treatment with MPP⁺ at 600 μmol/L for 24 h. ZER up-regulated the protein levels of PARK7 and Nrf2 (P<0.05), alleviated apoptosis (P<0.05), and reduced ROS production (P<0.05) in the SH-SY5Y cell injury model. Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had the similar functions. Moreover, significant reductions in the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 (P<0.05), and obvious increases in apoptosis (P<0.05) and ROS level (P<0.05) were demonstrated in PARK7-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION: ZER protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxi-city, which may be related to activation of PARK7/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.  相似文献   

全国水土保持功能年度价值评价研究     

王海燕  丛佩娟  冯伟  鲍玉海  贾国栋 《中国水土保持》2020,(2):37-41,5

依据《中华人民共和国水土保持法释义》对水土保持功能的定义,分析了水土保持设施、地貌植被所发挥或蕴藏的有利于保护水土资源、防灾减灾、改善生态、促进社会进步等作用的内涵。在借鉴国内外先进经验和研究成果基础上,结合我国水土流失特点、水土保持现状,界定出水土保持功能价值概念。采用生态经济学计量方法,结合实际调研情况,分析各个指标之间的逻辑关系,建立了水土保持功能价值评价模型。按照国家水土保持区划一级分区,适当考虑二级分区和三级分区,以及全国水土流失动态监测站网分布概况,收集39个典型县(市、区)2016年度的土壤、水文、气象等观测资料,测算出其水土保持功能价值,进而推算至全类型区,再从8个水土保持一级分区的水土保持功能价值推算出2016年度全国水土保持功能价值,并在对测算结果进行分析讨论的基础上,对国家制定水土保持生态文明对策提出了建议。  相似文献