单栋塑料温室内多因子综合CFD稳态模拟分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝飞麟  沈明卫  何勇  冯雷 《农业机械学报》2014,45(9):297-304

为分析单栋塑料温室内的综合环境:气流场、温度场、湿度场、CO2浓度场,建立了包括温室内外空间、室内作物和土壤层等的温室环境几何模型。将温室内的湿空气看作水蒸气、CO2和干空气的混合气体,在分析温室中太阳辐射、作物与环境的质热交换,动量及质能传递过程的基础上,对单栋塑料温室内的环境因子进行了稳态模拟。温室内热辐射传递过程采用蒙特卡罗法模拟方法;将室内作物简化为连续固体换热模型,采用剪应力输运模型(SST)表述温室内的空气紊流。结果显示:温室通风对温度、湿度和CO2分布的影响很大,温室内部上风向温度低,湿度小,同时CO2浓度也不高;温室下风向作物冠层的环境未达到优化状态;模型的预测值低于实测值,但变化规律相似,温度、湿度、CO2含量的预测相对误差分别低于8%、6%和7%。  相似文献   

不同地面结构育肥猪舍的恶臭排放影响因素分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汪开英  魏波  应洪仓  罗皓杰 《农业机械学报》2011,42(9):186-190,161

研究了冷、暖季节下生物发酵床、水泥实心、全缝隙3种不同地面结构的机械通风育肥猪舍的恶臭浓度、排放系数及地面结构、舍内温湿度、猪体重对恶臭浓度的影响.研究表明:猪舍的恶臭浓度与舍内温度、猪体重呈显著正相关(p＜0.05),恶臭浓度与相对湿度无显著相关性(p＞0.1);地面结构不同,恶臭浓度存在显著差异(p＜0.05);生物发酵床猪舍有助于恶臭减排,恶臭浓度最低,水泥实心地面猪舍的恶臭浓度最高,全缝隙地面猪舍的恶臭浓度居中;生物发酵床、全缝隙、水泥实心地面育肥猪舍的恶臭排放系数分别为(3.39±3.33)、(3.70±1.31)、(4.33±2.39) OU/(m2·s).  相似文献   

文丘里施肥器控制性能试验分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯瑞珏  洪添胜  李加念  叶智杰  卢加纳 《灌溉排水学报》2011,30(6):11-14,56

在水肥一体化滴灌设施中,为优选文丘里施肥器的最佳控制方式,以规格为32mm的并联式文丘里施肥器为对象,在文丘里施肥器的进水口、出水口和与水管的并联连接处3个位置安装球阀调节压差进行试验。试验结果表明,在进水口处调节压差,肥液质量分数低于13％时不能调节;在与水管的并联连接处调节压差,可实现对肥液质量分数的调节,但当压差...  相似文献   

基于应力集中理论的磨削力模型     

林开荣  徐西鹏  李远  方从富 《农业机械学报》2012,43(11):261-266,243

将应力集中理论引入磨削过程研究,分析了磨削过程中的应力集中现象,建立了基于应力集中的单颗磨粒磨削力模型,应用该模型分析了磨削力随磨粒磨损面积率的变化机理,并分别建立了单颗磨粒磨削法向力、切向力随磨粒磨损面积率变化的解析式,由解析式可知磨削法向力、切向力都与磨粒磨损面积率呈二次函数关系,得出了磨削后工件材料的累积残切厚度增大是磨削法向力增大的重要原因.在此基础上,结合实际生产中使用的砂轮特点,推导出了适用于实际磨削过程的基于应力集中的多颗磨粒砂轮磨削力随磨粒磨损面积率变化的解析式,用所建模型计算的结果与试验数据吻合较好.  相似文献   

济南市鹊山水库氨氮污染模拟分析与应对方案     

张神铭  徐征和  孔珂 《中国农村水利水电》2012,(5):35-38

对济南市鹊山水库氨氮污染进行模拟分析,分析在不同工况与不同温度下,氨氮污染物的降解运移规律,预测了典型工况下,氨氮突发污染情况,并给出了相应的应对方案,为水库管理者对水库进行水量水质联合调度提供了依据。  相似文献   

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Christian R. Jensen  Adriano Battilani  Georgios Psarras  Franciszek Janowiak  Zorica Jovanovic  Xuebin Qi  Sven-Erik Jacobsen 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,98(3):403-384

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

•

Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Fresh tomatoes

°

From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.  相似文献   

覆膜旱作稻N、P、K养分利用特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

路兴花  吴良欢 《土壤通报》2002,33(6):421-424

在田间试验条件下对覆膜旱作稻体内N、P、K养分浓度、吸收动态及N肥利用率作了研究。结果表明,相同施肥处理条件下不同生育期覆膜旱作稻N、P、K养分浓度及吸收量均高于水作稻,尤以生育中后期较为明显;覆膜旱作稻全生育期N、P、K养分吸收量明显高于水作稻,分布在籽粒中的N、P、K养分含量也有所提高,而在整株中的占有率差异不大,N肥利用率提高12%左右。  相似文献   

四川紫色土区小流域土壤养分流失初步研究   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11  

王洪杰  李宪文  史学正  杨金玲 《土壤通报》2002,33(6):441-444

通过对四川紫色土区小流域降雨的观测、径流养分和泥沙含量的分析,初步探讨了紫色土区养分的流失规律。多数研究认为,土壤养分大部分随泥沙携带而流失,而本文的研究结果却表明了:在研究区域,土壤养分流失的主要途径是径流的流失,而随泥沙携带的潜在土壤养分,由于产沙量较少,其流失总量并不多。  相似文献   

两种氮水平下CO₂浓度升高对冬小麦生长和氮磷浓度的影响   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

李伏生  康绍忠 《土壤学报》2003,40(4):599-605

预计到 2 1世纪末期大气CO2 浓度将会比目前水平增加 1倍 ,约 70 0 μmolmol- 1 左右。因此CO2 浓度升高对作物的影响研究十分重要。本文探讨在两种氮 (N)水平下 ,CO2 浓度升高对冬小麦 (TriticumaestivumL cv Xinong 872 7)生长和地上部N、磷 (P)浓度的影响及原因。试验设 3 5 0 μmolmol- 1 和 70 0 μmolmol- 1 两种CO2 浓度水平和 45kghm- 2 和 90kghm- 2 两种N肥施用水平。结果表明 ,CO2 浓度升高 ,冬小麦株高和叶面积指数 (LAI)均增加 ,净同化率 (NAR)值增加 ,叶面积比率 (LAR)下降 ,比叶重 (SLW )不增加。高CO2 浓度对相对生长率 (RGR)的影响因施N水平而异 ,低N时RGR不增加 ,高N时明显增加。CO2 浓度增加 ,小麦抽穗提早 7～ 8d ,叶鞘、茎杆和地上部干物重提高 ,叶片、叶鞘和茎杆N、P浓度降低 ,但叶片、叶鞘和茎杆N、P吸收量增加均不明显。CO2 浓度升高 ,氮磷利用效率 (NUE和PUE)提高 ,而对相对氮磷累积速率 (RNAR和RPAR)影响不大。高CO2 浓度冬小麦体内N、P浓度下降是由于稀释效应以及NUE和PUE提高之故。  相似文献   

Implication of relationships among suspended sediment size, water discharge and suspended sediment concentration: the Yellow River basin, China     

Jiongxin Xu 《CATENA》2002,49(4)

According to the yearly maximum suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in the Yellow River and its tributaries, the rivers are divided into three types of more than 300, 20–300, and less than 20 kg/m³. The middle Yellow River basin is located in the transitional zone from subhumid to semiarid climates, and covered by a thick loess mantle. Neighboring on the desert areas to the northwest, the surface material of the Loess Plateau exhibits some marked areal differentiation in grain size and forms three zones covered by sandy loess, (typical) loess and clayey loess from northwest to southeast. Controlled by these physico-geographical conditions, the grain size of river-transported sediment shows some particular characteristics; at small water discharge or SSC, the grain size of suspended sediment abruptly decreases to a minimum with increasing water discharge or SSC. At water discharge of more than ca. 40 m³/s or at SSC of more than ca. 40 kg/m³, the grain size increases with water discharge or SSC.During the low-stage season, the relatively clear baseflow may scour the coarse bed materials, so the suspended sediment is relatively coarse. In the rainy season, rainstorm runoff washes out fine loess materials to the river, making suspended sediment fine. During relatively strong rainstorms, there often occur hyperconcentrated flows at SSC of more than 300 kg/m³. The relatively coarse grains could then remain suspended in the mixture of water and fine suspended sediment.  相似文献