光诱鱿鱼浮拖网渔具渔法试验          下载免费PDF全文

戴天元  洪明苇等 《上海海洋大学学报》2001,(1):26-30

首先对诱鱼光场进行计算，并分析其对光诱鱿鱼浮拖网作业的影响，据此合理配置了灯光强度及其布局，探讨了一套较有效的诱导渔方法。根据鱿鱼的趋光习性及浮拖网的特点，设计了适应在较深渔场作业的光诱浮拖网渔具，并成功地试验了光诱鱿鱼浮拖网柔性网板；取得了良好的社会生态效益和经济效益。  相似文献   

Effect of environmental conditions on the seasonal and inter‐annual variability of small pelagic fish abundance off North‐West Africa: The case of both Senegalese sardinella          下载免费PDF全文

Modou Thiaw  Pierre‐Amaël Auger  Fambaye Ngom  Timothée Brochier  Saliou Faye  Ousmane Diankha  Patrice Brehmer 《Fisheries Oceanography》2017,26(5):583-601

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of environmental variations on the abundance of Sardinella aurita and Sardinella maderensis in Senegalese waters in the upwelling system. Monthly data indicating the abundance of sardinella were first estimated from commercial statistics, using Generalized Linear Model from 1966 to 2011. Abundance indices (AIs) were then compared with environmental indices, at the local scale, a Coastal Upwelling Index (CUI) and a coastal Sea Surface Temperature (SST) index, and on a large scale, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), using correlations and times series analyses. The results showed that the abundance of sardinella is determined by a strong seasonal pattern and inter‐annual fluctuations. The abundance of S. aurita peaked in spring and in autumn, whereas that of S. maderensis peaked in the warm season (July–September). The trend of the sardinella abundance was significantly correlated with the CUI, especially in autumn and spring. Interannual fluctuations of S. maderensis and S. aurita abundance are, respectively, driven by the precocity and the duration of the upwelling season that is attributed to distinct migration patterns. Both sardinella species also respond with a delay of around 4 years to the winter NAO index and the autumn CUI, and the AMO index, respectively, both related to migration patterns. The wide variations in sardinella biomass are caused by variations in environmental conditions, which should be considered in the implementation of an ecosystem‐based approach in sardinella stocks management.  相似文献   

Are circle hooks effective in reducing incidental captures of loggerhead sea turtles in a Mediterranean longline fishery?     

Susanna Piovano  Yonat Swimmer  Cristina Giacoma 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2009,19(7):779-785

• 1. A known fishing hot spot for loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Mediterranean Sea is in the waters of the Strait of Sicily where interactions with fish hooks and branchlines are believed to be a major cause of mortality for sea turtles.
• 2. Hooks with different shapes but a similar gape width (circle hook size 16/0 vs J hook size 2) were tested in order to determine the potential effectiveness of the hook design to both reduce sea turtle capture as well as to maintain acceptable levels of target species capture rates in a shallow‐set longline swordfish fishery in the Mediterranean.
• 3. Seven experimental fishing trips, 30 000 hooks total, were conducted on a single commercial fishing vessel (18 m in length) in the Strait of Sicily during the months of July through October over a period of three years from 2005 to 2007. Circle and J hooks were alternated along the mainline.
• 4. A total of 26 sea turtles were hooked, all immature‐size Caretta caretta. Turtles were caught at a statistically greater frequency on J hooks than on circle hooks. The capture rate, weight, and upper jaw fork length of the target species were not significantly different between the two types of hooks employed.
• 5. Five sea turtles swallowed the hook and in all such cases these were J type. Circle hooks tended to be located externally and were more easily detected by fishermen, and could be removed with the correct dehooking action before returning the turtle to the sea.
• 6. These findings suggest that 16/0 circle hooks can effectively reduce the incidental capture of immature loggerhead sea turtles in a Mediterranean swordfish longline fishery without affecting the catch size of the target species.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Marine protected areas and ocean basin management     

K. David Hyrenbach  Karin A. Forney  Paul K. Dayton 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2000,10(6):437-458

1. All reserve designs must be guided by an understanding of natural history and habitat variability. 2. Differences in scale and predictability set aside highly dynamic pelagic systems from terrestrial and nearshore ecosystems, where wildlife reserves were first implemented. Yet, as in static systems, many pelagic species use predictable habitats to breed and forage. Marine protected areas (MPAs) could be designed to protect these foraging and breeding aggregations. 3. Understanding the physical mechanisms that influence the formation and persistence of these aggregations is essential in order to define and implement pelagic protected areas. We classify pelagic habitats according to their dynamics and predictability into three categories: static, persistent and ephemeral features. 4. While traditional designs are effective in static habitats, many important pelagic habitats are neither fixed nor predictable. Thus, pelagic protected areas will require dynamic boundaries and extensive buffers. 5. In addition, the protection of far‐ranging pelagic vertebrates will require dynamic MPAs defined by the extent and location of large‐scale oceanographic features. 6. Recent technological advances and our ability to implement large‐scale conservation actions will facilitate the implementation of pelagic protected areas. 7. The establishment of pelagic MPAs should include enforcement, research and monitoring programmes to evaluate design effectiveness. 8. Ultimately, society will need a holistic management scheme for entire ocean basins. Such overarching management will rely on many innovative tools, including the judicious use of pelagic MPAs. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A review of reported effects of pelagic longline fishing gear configurations on target,bycatch and vulnerable species     

Catarina C. Santos  Daniela Rosa  Jorge M. S. Gonçalves  Rui Coelho 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2024,34(1):e4027

Experimental determinations of factors affecting the sink rates of baited hooks to minimize seabird mortality in pelagic longline fisheries     

Graham Robertson  Steven G. Candy  Barbara Wienecke  Kieran Lawton 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(6):632-643

• 1. An experiment was conducted in Australia's pelagic longline fishery to establish a scientific basis for the introduction of line weighting to reduce seabird mortality. The experiment examined the effects of different bait species (blue mackerel, yellow‐tail mackerel and squid), bait life status (dead or alive), weight of leaded swivels (60 g, 100 g and 160 g) and leader length (distance between leaded swivel and hooks: 2 m, 3 m and 4 m) on the sink rates of baited hooks from 0–6 m deep.
• 2. On average, live bait sank much more slowly than dead bait. The sink rates of individual live bait were highly variable: many were <2 m underwater 18 s after deployment, including some on the heaviest swivels, and some were <10 m deep after 120 s.
• 3. Within the dead bait group, all three swivel weights on 3 m and 4 m leaders sank at similar rates. Initial sink rates (e.g. 0–2 m) were 2–3 times slower than final rates (e.g. 4–6 m) for all combinations of swivel weight and leader length. The fastest initial and final sink rates were associated with heavy swivels placed close to hooks.
• 4. The results show that (a) compared with dead bait, live bait greatly increases the exposure of baited hooks to seabirds; (b) initial sink rates of dead bait are increased by placing leaded swivels close to hooks and final rates by increasing the weight of the swivels; (c) adding weight to long leaders makes little difference to sink rates; and (d) the small (incremental) changes to swivel weights and leader lengths typically preferred by industry will be difficult to detect at sea and unlikely to substantially reduce seabird mortality.
• 5. We suggest that experiments designed to reduce seabird mortality from that associated with 60 g swivels and ～3.5 m leaders (the preferred option by industry) should aim to expedite the initial sink rates as well as rates to deeper depths. This objective could be achieved by including branch lines with ≥120 g swivels ≤2 m in comparative assessments of the effectiveness of line weighting regimes in reducing seabird mortality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Bonga shad (Ethmalosa fimbriata) spawning tactics in an upwelling environment     

Bocar Sabaly Bald  Julian Dring  Werner Ekau  Malick Diouf  Patrice Brehmer 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(6):686-697

Successful recruitment in small pelagic fish populations inhabiting upwelling zones is subject to variation in fecundity and is driven by spatial and temporal fluctuations in environmental conditions, that is, mainly sea surface temperature, salinity and food availability. These fluctuations in abiotic factors have stimulated small pelagic fish populations to exhibit specifically adapted spawning tactics. To better understand to what extent a short‐lived exploited fish species such as bonga shad Ethmalosa fimbriata has adapted to an upwelling environment, we have investigated the interrelationship between upwelling intensity as a proxy for productivity and population fecundity by means of a virtual population analysis. We found that females of intermediate size contributed significantly more eggs to the population's fecundity than smaller or larger ones. Our model results further indicate that E. fimbriata exhibits a spawning preference at water temperatures of around 25°C and upwelling intensities of around 2.5 m³ s^?1 m^?1. Hence, we hypothesize that climate change‐driven increases in sea temperatures and modifications of upwelling‐favourable winds could significantly impact the species’ reproductive biology. To understand how climate change might impact fisheries, spawning tactics of small pelagic fishes are important to assess as well as their recruitment success. Such information is particularly relevant in countries where the fishery is critical at socio‐economic level, to better implement fisheries management addressing multiple stressors.  相似文献   

银盘电站蓄水前后乌江下游产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源变化     

徐薇  杨志  万力  唐会元  陈小娟 《水生态学杂志》2019,40(6):8-15

为了探究水电开发对流域鱼类资源的影响,遏制生物多样性衰退的趋势,2009-2015年5-7月对乌江下游干流漂流性鱼卵进行阶段性调查,初步分析银盘电站蓄水前后产漂流性卵鱼类的自然繁殖变化。结果表明,调查期间共采集到鱼卵12种,包括犁头鳅（Lepturichthys fimbriata）、中华金沙鳅（Jinsha sinensis）、中华沙鳅（Botia superciliaris）、圆筒吻鮈（Rhinogobio cylindricus）、吻鮈（Rhinogobio typus）、长鳍吻鮈（Rhinogobio ventralis）、蛇鮈（Saurogobio dabryi）、花斑副沙鳅（Parabotia fasciata）、铜鱼（Coreius heterodon）、中华倒刺鲃（Spinibarbus sinensis）、翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus）和蒙古鲌（Culter mongolicus）。漂流性鱼卵年资源量为1012.99万~18673.97万粒,鱼类产卵场自上而下分布有彭水、高谷、江口（杨家沱）、武隆（石鼻子）、土坎（桃子沟）、羊角6处。银盘电站蓄水后,乌江下游产漂流性卵鱼类的自然繁殖较蓄水前发生了显著变化。种类组成中,典型的流水生境繁殖类群减少,缓静水生境繁殖类群增加;产卵规模显著下降,以长鳍吻鮈、铜鱼、圆筒吻鮈、中华金沙鳅的减少尤为显著;产卵场减少并逐步往坝下压缩,数量由6处减少到3处,长度由35 km减少到18 km,位于银盘库区的彭水、高谷产卵场消失,江口产卵场规模显著减少。产漂流性卵鱼类的大规模产卵都在涨水时发生,不同种类产卵对水文条件的要求有所差异,大坝建设引起的栖息地萎缩和水文情势改变是导致乌江下游漂流性卵鱼类早期资源衰退的主要原因。建议采用水库生态调度补偿措施,通过合理下泄生态流量,加大脉冲流量和流水江段长度来满足重要鱼类的繁殖和早期发育需求,并结合人工增殖放流、鱼类基础监测和生态学研究等综合手段,强化乌江下游鱼类资源的生态修复。  相似文献   

中国海洋捕捞能力的计量与分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑奕  方水美  周应祺  项亦子 《水产学报》2009,33(5):885-892

采用数据包络分析方法,以渔船数、总吨位、总功率和专业劳动力为投入指标。以年捕捞产量为产出指标,对我国1994至2005年的近海捕捞与远洋渔业的捕捞能力与能力利用度进行了系统的计量,并以此为依据对我国渔业管理的政策绩效进行了量化分析,发现近年来近海捕捞的渔船数和捕捞劳力的过剩率得到了较好的控制,但渔船总吨位与总功率的过剩率却还处于相对较高的水平。说明目前我国近海增加捕捞能力的主要手段依然是提高渔船的总功率与总吨位,需要在今后的渔业管理中引起重视。通过近海与远洋渔业的比较研究发现,我国近海捕捞能力的实际过剩率已超过了50％,捕捞能力的利用水平不高且提高程度有限;而远洋渔业的能力利用度则尚有较大的提高空间。研究同时显示：我国近海捕捞能力利用度与远洋捕捞能力利用度两条曲线在每次远离后都有互相靠拢的趋势。表明我国远洋捕捞的能力利用度提高后,会吸引近海渔业的部分捕捞能力转入远洋渔业,在降低远洋渔业能力利用度的同时,减轻了近海渔业资源的捕捞压力,也使近海捕捞的能力利用度得以提高;反之,当远洋渔业的能力利用度相对近海渔业较低时,就会有一部分远洋渔业的捕捞能力转入近海捕捞,加大了近海的捕捞强度,使近海捕捞的能力利用度下降。所以,积极提高并保持远洋渔业的能力利用度,对缩减近海捕捞规模有较直接的影响。  相似文献   

中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类生物学研究的回顾与前瞻   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李建生  张其永  郑元甲  洪万树 《海洋渔业》2014,36(6)

中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类种类繁多,大多为r选择型或由K选择型演变为r选择型,资源更新速度较快、可持续利用的前景较为广阔,在中国海洋捕捞业产量中的比重呈上升趋势。本文综述了中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类的渔业发展概况,着重介绍了鳓(Ilisha elongata)、灰鲳(Pampus cinereus)、竹鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、金色小沙丁鱼(Sardinella aurita)、黄海鲱(Clupea harengus pallasi)和黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等6种主要种类资源生物学的研究进展,概述了这些种类的种群鉴别和划分、洄游分布、越冬场、产卵场及其产卵期、年龄和生长、摄食习性、生殖力和群体结构变动,以及其资源量和可捕量的评估,同时展望了其资源生物学研究的前景并提出了前瞻性建议。  相似文献