Habitat associations of Atlantic herring in the Shetland area: influence of spatial scale and geographic segmentation     

CHRISTOS D. Maravelias 《Fisheries Oceanography》2001,10(3):259-267

This study considers the habitat associations of a pelagic species with a range of biotic and abiotic factors at three different spatial scales. Generalized additive models (GAM) are used to analyse trends in the distributional abundance of Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus ) in relation to thermocline and water depth, seabed roughness and hardness, sea surface salinity and temperature, zooplankton abundance and spatial location. Two geographical segments of the population, those east and west of the Shetland Islands (northern North Sea, ICES Div IVa), are examined. The differences in the ecological preferences of the species in these two distinct geographical areas are elucidated and the degree that these environmental relationships might be modulated by the change of support of the data is also considered. Part of the observed variability of the pre-spawning distribution of herring was explained by different parameters in these two regions. Notwithstanding this, key determinants of the species' spatial aggregation in both areas were zooplankton abundance and the nature of the seabed substrate. The relative importance of the variables examined did not change significantly at different spatial scales of the observation window. The diverse significance of various environmental factors on herring distribution was attributed mainly to the interaction of species' dynamics with the different characteristics of the ecosystem, east and west of the Shetland Islands. Results suggest that the current 2.5 nautical miles as elementary sampling distance unit (ESDU) is a reasonable sampling scheme that combines the need to reduce the data volume while maintaining spatial resolution to distinguish the species/environment relationships.  相似文献   

影响鱼类分布的生态水文因子建模及分析     

张天蛟  刘刚  Thomas A.Worthington  Shannon K.Brewer  Dan E.Storm 《农业工程学报》2015,31(Z2):237-245

人类活动干扰下河流自然水势改变,导致鱼类栖息地环境变化。为准确分析影响鱼类分布的生态水文环境,该文以美国阿肯色河流域的国家级濒危小型鱼类:产漂流性卵鲤鱼(Arkansas River Shiner,Notropis girardi,ARS)为例,根据其繁殖期特有的水文条件需求,选取流域40个水文站点的日径流数据,分别计算历史时期(1950-1962年)和当前时期(1990-2010年)的3个繁殖期生态水文因子:高流量,较高流量历时及断流历时。每个生态水文因子分别结合其他25个环境因子,基于最大熵理论(MaxEnt)构建物种分布模型。运用经典受试者工作曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)及Parolo等提出的模型转移前后预测结果的Spearman’s rho相关系数,评价模型的自适应性(model fit)和转移能力(transferability)。3个模型在两个时期的ROC曲线与横坐标围成的面积均大于0.95,模型转移前后预测结果的Spearman’s rho相关系数均大于0.6。研究分析表明,模型具有较好的自适应性及转移性。3个生态水文因子中,高流量对模型的贡献率最大,对该种鱼类在两个时期的潜在分布影响最显著。不同的历史时期,物种的潜在适生概率随同一生态水文因子的变化呈现出了不一致的变化趋势。3个模型均预测出ARS的潜在生境有相同的空间变化趋势。该研究结果能够为中国保护河流生态系统与濒危鱼类提供借鉴经验。  相似文献   

Habitat distribution of fish in late summer: changes along a nutrient gradient in Danish lakes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E. Jeppesen  Z. Pekcan-Hekim  T. L. Lauridsen  M. Søndergaard  J. P. Jensen 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(2):180-190

Abstract – The horizontal distribution of fish in lakes varies with species, age, predation risk, vegetation coverage and water clarity. Although sporadic data are available for specific lakes, little is known about how habitat distribution generally changes along a gradient in nutrients and clarity. Here we analyse littoral and pelagic fish catch data for 34 Danish lakes (covering 94 lake years) with contrasting total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and mean depth levels (but mainly eutrophic and shallow). Electrofishing was conducted during day along the shore or along the edge of the reed belt if such existed. Gill nets were set overnight for 18 h in open water. We calculated a littoral proportion as: LITPRO = (100 × number caught by electrofishing in the near‐shore area)/(number caught by electrofishing in the near‐shore area and nets in the open water). At all summer TP concentrations LITPRO was high for several ‘littoral’ species such as gudgeon (Gobio gobio), rudd (Scardinius erythrophtalmus) and pike (Esox lucius) and low for more typical pelagic species like pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and smelt (Osmerus eperlanus). However, for many of these species including the dominant roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) LITPRO increased with TP or lake water chlorophyll a (CHLA) for fish >10 cm, suggesting a more littoral distribution with increasing turbidity. Exceptions are pikeperch and bream (Abramis brama). For bream, LITPRO increased significantly with mean lake depth only. For fish ≤10 cm LITPRO showed only a weak relationship to TP, CHLA or depth. In accordance with the TP‐dependent distribution, major changes occurred in the fish community structure during the monitoring period following nutrient loading reduction. A comparison of LITPRO from the first part of the monitoring period (1989–1993) with a subsequent period (1997–2003) for four abundant species showed a significant decline in LITPRO over time for large‐ and small‐sized roach and perch and large rudd. This suggests a fast response in fish distribution to improved water quality. It further demonstrates that fish monitoring in lakes should cover both littoral and pelagic habitats to describe the recovery process.  相似文献   

东海浮游十足类数量分布与环境的关系   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

徐兆礼 《中国水产科学》2005,12(5):614-620

根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°N、118°30′~128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨东海浮游十足类(Decapods)总丰度的平面分布、季节变化以及变化的动力学机制。结果表明,浮游十足类总丰度有明显的季节变化,夏季最高为451 ind/(100 m3),秋季次之为71 ind/(100 m3),春季最低为24 ind/(100 m3)。北部近海(29°30′~33°N、123°30′~125°E)水域春季几乎没有分布,除冬季外,总丰度基本呈近海高于外海的分布趋势。中型莹虾(Luciferintermedius)是影响总丰度变化最主要的种类;夏季与秋季及四季总丰度的变化同水温有非常显著的线性相关关系,与盐度的相关关系不显著;冬季则仅仅与盐度有关,春季则与温度和盐度相关。从春季到夏季,高丰度区随台湾暖流向北扩展,并在闽浙沿岸水团与台湾暖流交汇处形成高丰度分布区[>2 500 ind/(100 m3)];从夏季到秋季,浮游十足类随着台湾暖流继续向北,在与长江冲淡水交汇处形成较高丰度区。水温和海流是影响东海浮游十足类总丰度分布的主要环境因子。  相似文献   

东海浮游桡足类的数量分布   总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23  

徐兆礼 《水产学报》2003,27(3):258-264

根据1997-2000年在东海23°30′～33°N、118°30′～128°E水域进行的4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海浮游桡足类生态特征,分数量、群落特征、种类组成及优势种三部分从不同侧面作了探讨,本文为该研究的第一部分。结果表明,东海浮游桡足类丰度占浮游动物总丰度的55.5%,占饵料浮游动物总丰度的64.8%;秋季丰度最高、夏季次之、春季最低;平面分布不均匀,呈斑块状分布,一般东海近海高于外海和台湾海峡海域;高值区一般出现在不同水系的交汇区,其中,大陆沿岸水和东海外海水交汇区丰度值较其它混合区高。本次调查东海北部(29°～32°N、125°E以西)水域桡足类丰度约为20年前同期的1/3;东海浮游桡足类丰度的平面分布往往取决于中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchateconcina)和亚强真哲水蚤(Eucalanussubcrassus)的分布。  相似文献   

Do habitat models accurately predict the depth distribution of pelagic fishes?     

PETER J. WARD†  RANSOM A. MYERS 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(1):60-66

Habitat models are used to correct estimates of fish abundance derived from pelagic longline fishing gear. They combine information on hook depth with the species’ preferences for ambient environmental conditions to adjust the gear's catchability. We compare depth distributions of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) catch predicted by a habitat model with distributions derived from data collected by observers on longliners in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Our analyses show that the habitat model does not accurately predict the depth distribution of bigeye tuna; its predictions are worse than those from models that assume no effect of depth on catches. Statistical models provided superior fits to the observed depth distribution. The poor performance of the habitat model is probably due to (1) problems in estimating hook depth, (2) fine‐scale variations in environmental conditions, (3) incomplete knowledge of habitat preferences and (4) differences between the distribution of bigeye tuna and their vulnerability to longline gear.  相似文献   

Anchovy (Engraulis ringens) and sardine (Sardinops sagax) spatial dynamics and aggregation patterns in the Humboldt Current ecosystem, Peru, from 1983–2003     

MARIANO GUTIÉRREZ  GORDON SWARTZMAN  ARNAUD BERTRAND  SOPHIE BERTRAND 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(2):155-168

Three indexes of spatial aggregation are developed and used to examine the aggregation pattern of sardine (Sardinops sagax) and anchovy (Engraulis ringens) in the Peruvian Humboldt Current System, determined from 36 acoustic surveys conducted from 1983 through 2003 by the Peruvian Marine Institute (IMARPE). Each index assesses a different aspect of aggregation: the concentration, the percent occupancy of space and the clustering of high‐fish abundance. Both time‐series correlation and tree‐based clustering‐regression method, classification and regression trees (CART), were used to relate each of the indexes to environmental variables (season, temperature anomaly and year). Additionally, a measure of onshore–offshore distribution, the average distance from the coast, and abundance variables (the average acoustic backscatter per occupied sampling unit, and the acoustically estimated total abundance of sardine and anchovy from IMARPE) were related to environmental factors by using CART. We show that the 1983–2003 time series can be divided into three different periods: with shifts in 1992 and in 1997–98. Sardine and anchovy showed large differences in both abundance and aggregation among these periods. Although upwelling ecosystems support dramatic and sudden changes in environmental conditions, fish responses are sometimes smoother than usually suggested and there are transition periods with concomitant high biomasses of anchovy and sardine, but with different spatial aggregation patterns. Observed relationships between environmental proxies and aggregation patterns support the habitat‐based hypothesis that environmentally mediated alterations in range lead to population changes.  相似文献   

Incidental captures of sea turtles by swordfish and albacore longlines in the Ionian sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Michele?Deflorio  Aida?Aprea  Aldo?Corriero  Nicoletta?Santamaria  Gregorio?De?MetrioEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(5):1010-1018

ABSTRACT:   Incidental catches in pelagic longline fishing pose a serious threat to sea turtle populations throughout the world's seas and oceans. In this work, carried out in the framework of the EC-DG-Fisheries 98/008 project, information on sea turtle catch rates from swordfish and albacore longline fishing activities observed in Italian waters off the Ionian Sea during 1999 and 2000, are reported. In addition, biometric data, health status, and tagging return rate of sea turtles captured are provided. A total of 200 sea turtles were caught (198 loggerhead turtles and 2 green turtles), comprising 0.5–15.7% of the total catch in number of individuals. The estimates of the sea turtles caught by the total fishing effort of both longlines in the whole study area were 1084 specimens in 1999 (95% CI = 667–1502) and 4447 specimens in 2000 (95% CI = 3189–5705). Although all sea turtles were released alive, nearly half of them had hooks that could not be removed and remained deeply embedded in the digestive tract.  相似文献   

世界远洋渔业发展现状、特点与趋势   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

乐家华  俞益坚 《上海海洋大学学报》2021,30(6):1123-1131

当今世界各国对渔业资源、生态环境保护和食品安全以及劳动力等问题日益重视,远洋渔业发展正处于新的变革时期。通过研究近年世界各远洋国家在渔船、产量、加工贸易等方面的变化,总结出世界远洋渔业发展特点：主要渔业国家远洋减船趋势十分明显、投资领域和投资主体扩大并呈多元化、国际远洋渔业海外基地数量增加且竞争激烈等。在全球渔业资源分配不均的形势下,远洋贸易自由化和全球化进展继续加快,结合目前各国远洋渔业产业的发展需求及方向,分析世界远洋渔业的发展趋势：各国无论是在渔船数量、生产规模,还是投资范围、投资主体、海外基地建设等方面,走向属地化和规范管理,各国应对全球渔业资源衰竭的举措更加有力;产品可追溯、标准化体系等成为远洋渔业可持续发展的重点建设任务。  相似文献   

扩张帆布对大型中层拖网性能的影响     

周爱忠  黄洪亮  张禹  张勋 《现代渔业信息》2013,(4):290-297

针对我国引进的大型中层拖网所使用的扩张帆布,通过拖网模型试验,设计了三种面积和三种不同冲角的扩张帆布调整试验,并比较了使用扩张帆布与使用塑料浮子对网具性能的影响。结果表明：网口拉紧长度1040m,网口网目为a=20m六角形网目的大型中层拖网,使用长度为100m手纲、长度为48m叉纲、重锤重量为320kg×2、下袖端间距68．4m时,在帆布面积调整试验中,当冲角前纲长度为17．2m,冲角后纲长度为17．6m,拖速为2．57m·s^-1条件下,使用5．0m^2的扩张帆布比4．0m^2网口高度可提高11．92％,网具阻力上升6．74％,能耗系数下降6．5％。在冲角调整试验中,使用5．0m^2的扩张帆布,当冲角后纲的长度固定为17．6m,冲角前纲的长度从17．2m缩短为16．4m时,网口高度下降26．36％,网具阻力下降11．22％,能耗系数上升24．1％。大型中层拖网使用扩张帆布比使用塑料浮子在不同的拖速下网口高度变化幅度小,在高拖速时,有网口高、能耗系数低的优势,但在拖速低于2．06m·s^-1时,网口垂直扩张和能耗系数没有优势。试验的长宽比为20的扩张帆布的升力系数Cy可达1．16左右。  相似文献