2011年春、夏、秋三季莱州湾浮游植物群落演替及其与主要中上层鱼类资源密度的关系     

栾青杉  吴强 《中国水产科学》2020,27(5):547-558

于2011年5-10月对莱州湾渔业资源与栖息环境进行了6个航次的逐月大面调查,研究了春末至秋中网采浮游植物群落结构的演替,并利用广义可加模型分析了其与主要小型中上层鱼类资源密度的关系。共记录浮游植物33属78种,总丰度在春、秋季各出现1个峰值,分别为265×10⁴ ind/m³和111×10⁴ind/m³。春末夏初优势种主要为具槽帕拉藻（Coscinodiscus）、角毛藻（）属逐渐形成优势。夏末至秋中,物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度皆呈现上升的趋势。将环境和浮游植物群落指标作为解释变量逐步优化后的广义可加终模型,对4种鱼类CPUE总偏差的累积解释率达到了76.5%,月份、海表温度、夜光藻丰度、圆筛藻丰度、甲/硅藻比5个预测变量皆达到显著水平以上,甲/硅藻比的升高对渔业资源密度分布表现出正向的作用。结果表明,莱州湾浮游植物群落长期演变后的类群结构和丰度水平,对鱼类群落结构及其资源量现状的可持续性有着积极的意义。本研究为深入探讨渔业种群关键栖息地早期补充和食物网过程的影响因素,从浮游植物饵料基础变动的角度提供了数据资料和科学依据。  相似文献   

北太平洋小型中上层鱼类资源对气候–海洋变化的响应研究进展     

王靓  花传祥  朱清澄  李非 《中国水产科学》2020,27(11):1379-1392

小型中上层鱼类是北太平洋海域重要的渔业资源,具有生命周期短、生长速度快、高集群性等特点,其资源年间波动显著,且受气候-海洋变化的影响。本文围绕秋刀鱼（Coloabis saira）、鲣（Katsuwonus pelamis）、鲐（Scomber japonicus）、鳀（Engraulis japonious）、竹䇲鱼（Trachurus japonicus）、沙丁鱼（Sardinops sagax）6种主要的小型中上层鱼类,回顾了厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（El Niño/La Niña-southern oscillation,ENSO）、太平洋年代际振荡（the Pacific decadal oscillation,PDO）、黑潮-亲潮（Kuroshio-Oyashio,KR-OY）等关键气候-海洋指数的特点及对鱼类栖息地环境和资源变动的影响。概括了气候-海洋变化对小型中上层鱼类的洄游分布和资源丰度的直接影响过程,以及对亲体繁殖产卵、仔稚体成活率和资源量波动间接的滞后影响过程。建议：（1）在多种气候-海洋指数基础上添加种群动态过程、捕捞方式系数、自然死亡率等参数构建生物量动态模型,揭示气候-海洋变化对渔业资源量的影响过程;（2）结合北太平洋涛动（North Pacific oscillation,NPO）、北极涛动（Arctic oscillation,AO）、北太平洋环流振荡（North Pacific gyre oscillation,NPGO）等其他北太平洋主要气候,基于物理海洋模型及空间耦合水动力学模型研究大尺度海流、中尺度涡旋对小型中上层鱼类影响。  相似文献   

Climate‐induced nonlinearity in pelagic communities and non‐stationary relationships with physical drivers in the Kuroshio ecosystem     

Shuyang Ma  Yongjun Tian  Caihong Fu  Haiqing Yu  Jianchao Li  Yang Liu  Jiahua Cheng  Rong Wan  Yoshiro Watanabe 《Fish and Fisheries》2021,22(1):1-17

Climate‐induced nonlinearity in biological variability and non‐stationary relationships with physical drivers are crucial to understand responses of marine organisms to climate variability. These phenomena have raised concerns in the northeastern North Pacific, but are out of the spotlight in the northwestern North Pacific in spite of potential implications for this productive system under increased climate variability. Pelagic communities in the Kuroshio ecosystem have both ecological and economic importance. However, patterns of climate‐induced nonlinearity in pelagic communities are not well understood, and existence of non‐stationarity in their relationships with physical drivers remains obscure. Here, we compile large numbers of climatic, oceanic and biological long‐term time‐series data and employ diverse statistical techniques to reveal such climate‐induced nonlinearity and non‐stationarity. Results show that pelagic communities in the Tsushima and Pacific areas (major areas in the Kuroshio ecosystem) had regime shifts in the late 1990s and late 1980s, respectively. Winter sea surface temperatures in the Kuroshio Current path and in the eastern part of East China Sea, which are respectively affected by the Kuroshio Current and Siberian High, correlate with dominant variability patterns in their pelagic communities. Furthermore, non‐stationarity was identified with threshold years in the 1990s in the Tsushima area and in the 1980s in the Pacific area as a possible result of the declined variances in the Siberian High and Aleutian Low, respectively. Our findings provide insights on spatial differentiation of climate‐induced nonlinearity and non‐stationarity, which are valuable for the management of pelagic communities in the northwestern North Pacific under changing climatic conditions.  相似文献   

淡水浮游硅藻对氮磷的最适需求量   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏建国  张玥  许英 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,30(1):99-102

报道了淡水浮游硅藻所需的最适氮磷值 ,试验分 2个阶段。第 1阶段将氮定为 0 .5 0 μg/ g,把氮磷比设为 6 / 1,7/ 1和 8/ 1,溶于自来水进行 5 d培养后用碘液固定 ,然后稀释 10倍用浮游植物计数框记数 5 0个视野 ,根据结果进一步试验得出最适的氮磷比为 7.3/ 1。第 2阶段在第 1阶段的基础上 ,首先将氮的浓度设为 0 .34 ,1.17及 2 .0 0 μg/ g,培养后固定、稀释、计数 ,根据结果进一步预试验得出氮的最适需求量在 1.5 9～ 1.80 μg/ g;氮为 1.5 9,1. 70及 1.80 μg/ g时 ,淡水浮游硅藻的数量分别为 (2 80± 9.3) ,(30 4.7± 4.8)及 (2 90 .0± 5 .6 )个 ,对照组为(188.5± 9.5 )个。结果表明 :氮为 1.70 μg/ g,磷为 0 .2 33μg/ g是淡水浮游硅藻的最适需求量。  相似文献   

云雾混合计算改进远洋渔船物联网系统通讯质量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨劲松  虞丽娟  凌培亮  陈成明  夏俊 《农业工程学报》2014,30(23):224-231

远洋渔船上不断增加的船载智能设备和传感器增大了对网络通讯带宽和流量的要求,目前船岸间通讯的高昂费用和带宽限制成为整个系统的瓶颈。该文在远洋渔船作业系统中引入云雾混合计算架构。研究以云计算为基本架构,采用面向服务的构架,提供可靠和安全的数据存储中心,降低了对用户端的设备要求,利于不同设备间的数据与应用共享;同时,利用船载设备的计算和存储能力,采用雾计算架构的设备固件更新分发机制获取最少必要固件资源后在船载网络内部进行推送和更新,并利用船载传感网络雾计算模型在船载网络内部存储和压缩传感器环境数据,以降低船岸之间的数据通讯量。研究证明,云雾混合计算架构在保证船岸数据信息交互一体化的同时明显降低了对数据通讯带宽的要求,减少了网络流量。在测试期内,开富号各计算节点及传感设备固件更新文件数据量降低为传统架构的15.13%,传感器发往云端的报文数据量降低为传统架构的4.75%。参考卫星宽带流量套餐费用计算(1 MB费用约为10美元,2014年标准),在该时间段内,仅"开富号"一条船舶约节约7 500美元,每年能节约通讯费36 000美元,具有一定的经济效益。研究实践证明云雾混合计算有利于改善远洋渔船物联网系统通讯质量。  相似文献   

热带东太平洋中上层食物网结构指数分析     

崔钰莹  林琴琴  朱江峰  陈作志 《上海海洋大学学报》2022,31(6):1533-1541

根据2017年6月—2019年2月在热带太平洋东部海域(14°03′N~30°22′S, 179°36′E~114°29′W)开展的6个航次金枪鱼延绳钓渔获采样资料及胃含物组成数据,运用12个食物网网络分析指数,研究热带东太平洋中上层食物网结构特征。结果显示,本食物网物种（类群）数为83,连接数为542,食物网的平均营养级为2.4,顶级物种、中间物种、基础物种的比例分别为10.85%、83.13%、6.02%。食物网不同营养级物种的比例、杂食性指数（omnivorous, O=92.77%）、连接复杂性指数（connection complexity index, CSC=13.22）和特征路径长度（characteristic path length, P=1.85）的分析表明,该食物网结构处于较稳定状态;聚类系数（clustering coefficient, Cc=0.242）表明食物网物种间可形成几个连接性较密切的子网络结构;由连接密度（linkage density, D=6.53）和连通度指标（connectance , Cl=0.08）可知食物网的复杂性处于正常水平,对人为扰动以及环境变化存在一定的抵御性。研究可以为今后热带太平洋食物网功能的深入研究及基于生态系统的大洋渔业管理提供重要参考。  相似文献   

Pelagic larval traits of the amphidromous goby Sicyopterus lagocephalus display seasonal variations related to temperature in La Réunion Island          下载免费PDF全文

Nils Teichert  Pierre Valade  Henri Grondin  Emma Trichet  Fany Sardenne  Philippe Gaudin 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(2):234-247

Amphidromous gobies represent a substantial part of freshwater fish diversity throughout islands of the Indo‐Pacific region. They display a marine pelagic phase during several months before recruiting in rivers. Understanding the relationship between larval traits and environmental conditions is a major challenge for the evaluation of a spatial scale of connectivity and populations’ dynamics, especially in a climate change context. In this study, the larval traits of Sicyopterus lagocephalus were examined and related to the sea surface temperature (SST), over three consecutive years in La Réunion Island (Mascarene archipelago). The pelagic larval duration (PLD, range from 96 to 293 days), the size‐at‐recruitment (range from 26.5 to 37 mm TL) and the larval growth rate (range from 0.112 to 0.293 mm·day^?1 TL) varied seasonally depending on hatching date. The larval growth rate was inversely correlated to the fluctuations of PLD and size. Larvae living in high sea water temperatures exhibited a faster growth, shorter PLDs and smaller sizes‐at‐recruitment than those living in cool water temperatures. The instantaneous daily growth was assessed by the study of otolith increment widths. The daily growth was not linear throughout larval life and was positively correlated to SST. We showed high amplitude of PLD periodic fluctuations (170.39 ± 43.75 days) related to temperature (12.8% PLD drop per degree), which could affect dispersal and induce intermittent connectivity between distant populations. This high plasticity of larval traits is likely to be advantageous to respond to the wide range of environmental conditions encountered throughout the species distribution range.  相似文献   

Pelagic larval duration of three amphidromous Sicydiinae gobies (Teleostei: Gobioidei) including widespread and endemic species     

Laura Taillebois  Ken Maeda  Stéphane Vigne  Philippe Keith 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(4):552-559

Sicydiinae species have an amphidromous life cycle during which they undergo a pelagic larval phase allowing them to disperse through the ocean and to recruit in distant island rivers. Hypotheses for the differences observed in dispersal abilities between species include the variation in pelagic larval duration (PLD). However, the implication of the PLD as a proxy for explaining the dispersal ability of a species is not clear in the Sicydiinae subfamily. In this study, otolith microstructure of three Sicydiinae species was analysed. One of these species, Sicyopus zosterophorum, has a widespread distribution in the West Pacific area, whereas the other two species, Smilosicyopus chloe and Akihito vanuatu, are endemic to New Caledonia and to Vanuatu, respectively. Deposition of the daily growth increments on the otoliths of S. zosterophorum was validated using an alizarin complexone time marking technique. We estimated the PLD for the three species by counting the number of growth increments from the core to the metamorphosis check mark, and it was shorter than the one of previous studies on Sicydiinae species. The PLD of the widespread species, S. zosterophorum (54.6 ± 5.6 days), was similar to those of the endemic species, S. chloe (53.6 ± 5.7 days) and A. vanuatu (55.4 ± 7.5 days). Here, we show that in contrast to the most diverse Sicydiinae genus, Sicyopterus, the PLD could not explain endemism, and we must take into account other elements to explain the differences observed in the distribution range.  相似文献   

闽南_台湾浅滩渔场六种主要中上层鱼类的脂肪酸研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

吴志强 《水产学报》2000,24(1):61-64,65,66

研究了蓝圆Ｓｈｅｎ、金色小沙丁鱼、颌圆Ｓｈｅｎ、鲐鱼、竹Ｊｉａ鱼、羽鳃鲐肌油中的脂肪酸组成及含量变化。结果表明：鱼油中都含有Ｃ１２－Ｃ２２系列脂肪酸。饱和脂肪酸（ＳＦＡ）占总脂肪酸（ＴＦＡ）的３５．２４％￣３８．６０％,单不饱和脂肪酸（ＭＵＦＡ）占２３．５９％￣３０．０７％,多不饱和脂肪酸（ＰＵＦＡ）占３３．０６％￣４０．３３％,ＥＰＡ占２．３５％￣３．６２％,ＤＨＡ占１７．９５％￣２４．４９％。  相似文献   

台湾海峡及其邻近海域鲐鲹鱼类群聚资源的评估   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

卢振彬  戴泉水  颜尤明 《中国水产科学》2000,7(1)

:以初级生产力为基础 ,应用Steele模式估算台湾海峡及其邻近海域中上层鱼类资源年生产量为16 9.88× 10 4 t。估算鲐鱼类群聚资源量为 10 2 .0 8× 10 4 t。Gulland模式和简单模式估算鲐鱼类群聚资源的MSY分别为 50 .6 6× 10 4 t和 51.0 4× 10 4 t。Schaefer和Fox 2种剩余产量模式所估算的MSY分别为52 .4 1× 10 4 t和 51.73× 10 4 t,估算的fMSY换算为福建灯围渔船分别为 10 17组和 10 75组 ,并从海峡南、北 2个不同群系的鲐鱼类主要种群结构和生态学变化及渔业现状 ,讨论该 2个鲐群聚资源的开发利用程度  相似文献