Organic Fertilization in Traditional Mediterranean Grapevine Orchards Mediates Changes in Soil Microbial Community Structure and Enhances Soil Fertility     

Fuensanta García‐Orenes  Antonio Roldn  Alicia Morugn‐Coronado  Carlos Linares  Artemi Cerd  Fuensanta Caravaca 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(6):1622-1628

Soil microbial populations and their functions related to nutrient cycling contribute substantially to the regulation of soil fertility and the sustainability of agroecosystems. A field experiment was performed to assess the medium‐term effect of a mineral fertilizer and two organic fertilization systems with different nitrogen sources on the soil microbial community biomass, structure, and composition (phospholipid fatty acids, pattern, and abundance), microbial activity (basal respiration, dehydrogenase, protease, urease, β‐glucosidase, and total amount of phosphomonoesterase activities), and physical (aggregate stability) and chemical (total organic C, total N, available P and water‐soluble carbohydrates) properties in a vineyard under semiarid Mediterranean conditions after a period of 10 years. The three fertilization systems assayed were as follows: inorganic fertilization, addition of grapevine pruning with sheep manure (OPM), and addition of grapevine pruning with a legume cover crop (OPL). Both treatments, OPM and OPL, produced higher contents of total organic carbon, total N, available P, water‐soluble carbohydrates, and stable aggregates. The organic fertilization systems increased microbial biomass, shifted the structure and composition of the soil microbial community, and stimulated microbial activity, when compared with inorganic fertilization. The abundances of fungi and G+ bacteria were increased by treatments OPM and OPL, without significant differences between them. Organic and inorganic fertilization produced similar grapevine yields. The ability of the organic fertilization systems for promoting the sustainability and soil biological and chemical fertility of an agroecosystem under semiarid conditions was dependent of the organic N source. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impact of air‐drying and rewetting on PLFA profiles of soil microbial communities     

Ute Hamer  Manuela Unger  Franz Makeschin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(2):259-264

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基于磷脂脂肪酸生物标记法的松茸生长土壤微生物测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马大龙  臧淑英  李莹 《贵州农业科学》2015,(3)

为探明松茸生长土壤微生物群落的变化特征及其开发利用提供理论依据,运用磷脂脂肪酸生物标记法（PLFA）分析了黑龙江省松茸生长地246 m（山下部）、397 m（山中部）、531 m（山上部）和659 m（山顶部）不同海拔土壤的微生物群落结构特征。结果表明：革兰氏阴性菌和真菌表现为山中部＞山上部＞山顶部＞山下部,且差异显著（P ＜0．05）;革兰氏阳性菌、真菌／细菌比值和磷脂脂肪酸总量表现为山中部＞山上部＞山顶部＞山下部,但山中部与山上部差异不显著（P ＞0．05）;放线菌表现为山上部＞山中部＞山顶部＞山下部,且差异显著（P ＜0．05）;革兰氏阳性菌／革兰氏阴性菌比值表现为山顶部＞山下部＞山上部＞山中部,但山中部和山上部间差异不显著。土壤微生物多样性指数为山中部＞山上部＞山顶部＞山下部。经主成分分析,不同海拔高度土壤微生物群落结构间存在显著差异。  相似文献   

水化大豆油脚作原料制取粉末大豆磷脂     

刘代成  张春英 《中国油料作物学报》1995,(4)

采用丙酮萃取法从新鲜水化大豆油脚中提取粉末大豆磷脂。提取时第一次油脚：丙酮＝３∶１，第２—６次原料：丙酮＝１∶１。第１—３次离心后的提取液用于油和丙酮的回收，第４—６次离心后的提取液贮存，用来代替下一次生产１—３次的纯丙酮．从油脚提取的磷脂颜色（淡黄色）好于从浓缩磷脂中提取的（淡棕色），前者酸值，过氧化值较后者低．  相似文献   

氧调控下人工湿地微生物群落结构变化研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陶敏  贺锋  徐洪  周巧红  徐栋  张丽萍  吴振斌 《农业环境科学学报》2012,31(6):1195-1202

运用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)技术研究了氧调控下复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)微生物群落结构及活性变化,结果表明,不曝气IVCW基质表层以好氧微生物为优势种群,但绝大部分微生物都集中在0～20cm基质层,系统的净化空间受到限制;氧调控下微生物群落向基质纵深发展,表征好氧微生物的单不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著增加,曝气系统下行池表层各类群微生物的生物量为不曝气系统的2～6倍,表征微生物活性的PLFAs总不饱和度水平也明显升高;革兰氏阴性细菌成为曝气IVCW基质微生物群落的优势种群,群落具有更高的活性和专一性,提高了污染物的去除效果。因此,进一步研究微生物的这种适应机制可以为优化湿地系统提供一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

黄颡鱼早期发育阶段受精卵和鱼体磷脂含量变化     

卢素芳  郑小宁  曾可为  何瑞国 《湖北农业科学》2013,52(3)

研究了黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)受精卵孵化及仔鱼发育阶段鱼体磷脂含量的变化规律.采用常规化学分析方法对黄颡鱼从鱼卵受精开始至仔鱼孵化后未投饵的7d内的磷脂含量进行测定.结果表明,孵化期间受精卵磷脂含量在受精后16h略有增加;仔鱼孵化后,鱼体磷脂含量急剧下降,从0日龄的1.32％降低到7日龄的0.14％.说明磷脂是黄颡鱼仔鱼发育阶段代谢的重要能源,是仔鱼正常生长和发育所必需的重要营养素,仔鱼对磷脂的需求量很大.  相似文献   

土壤结构性质和磷脂剖面的联合保存: 三种干燥技术的比较     

L. J. DEACON  D. V. GRINEV  J. W. CRAWFORD  J. HARRIS  K. RITZ  I. M. YOUNG 《土壤圈》2008,18(3):284-287

There is a need to simultaneously preserve evidence of interactions between the biological community and soil structural properties of a soil in as near an intact （natural） state as possible. Three dehydration techniques were implemented and assessed for their ability to minimise disruption of both biological and physical properties of the same arable soil sample. Dehydration techniques applied until samples were at constant weight were i） air-drying at 20℃ （AD）; ii） -80 ℃ freeze for 24 h, followed by freeze-drying （-80FD）; and iii） liquid nitrogen snap freeze, followed by freeze-drying （LNPD） and were compared to a moist control. Physical structure was determined and quantified in three dimensions using X-ray computed tomography and microbial phenotypic community composition was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid （PLPA） profiling. This study confirms that any form of dehydration, when preparing soil for simultaneous biological and physical analysis, will alter the soil physical properties, and cause some change in apparent community structure. Freeze-drying （both the LNFD and -80FD treatments） was found to minimise disruption （when compared to the moist control soil） to both the soil physical properties and the community structure and is a preferable technique to air-drying which markedly alters the size and character of the pore network, as well as the phenotypic profile. The LNFD was the preferred treatment over the -80FD treatment as samples show low variability between replicates and a fast turn-around time between samples. Therefore snap freezing in liquid nitrogen, followed by freeze drying is the most appropriate form of dehydration when two sets of data, both physical and biological, need to be preserved simultaneously from a soil core.  相似文献   

Ultrastructure of the hydrophobic gastric surfactant barrier in the dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MT ETHELL  DR HODGSON  BA HILLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(4):240-244

OBJECTIVES: To confirm the hydrophobicity of the luminal surface of the canine stomach and to elucidate the ultrastructure of the lining imparting that property. DESIGN AND PROCEDURES: Gastric and duodenal mucosal samples from eight dogs were collected immediately after euthanasia and subjected to contact angle measurement using a goniometer. Other samples were examined by electron microscopy following a fixation procedure known to preserve phospholipids and oligolamellar structures. RESULTS: Contact angles for the canine gastric mucosal surface (85.1 +/- 5.5) were significantly greater (P < 0.0001) than for the duodenum (24.0 +/- 1.7). Electron microscopy revealed the existence of surfactant as abundant osmiophilic phospholipid material within the gastric and duodenal mucosae. CONCLUSION: We have confirmed the hydrophobic nature of the canine gastric mucosa whereas the luminal surface of the duodenum is hydrophilic. We propose that the water-repellent nature of the canine gastric lining contributes to the 'gastric mucosal barrier' and is imparted by an oligolamellar layer of surface-active phospholipid ('gastric surfactant') adsorbed to the surface. Both gastric and duodenal mucosae may also utilise phospholipids as an intercellular defense mechanism in the event that tight junctions are breached by acid. It is tempting to speculate that a deficiency of gastric phospholipids may predispose dogs to ulcers. Further, exogenous administration of phospholipids may be useful in preventing gastric ulceration.  相似文献   

Relationship between dietary phospholipid classes and neutral lipid absorption in newly-weaned turbot, shape Scophthalmus maximus     

I. Geurden  P. Bergot  L. Schwarz  P. Sorgeloos 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1998,19(3):217-228

A 28-day feeding trial was conducted for comparing the effect of different dietary phospholipid (PL) classes on the growth of post-larval turbot and on the incorporation of dietary neutral lipid fatty acids into their body lipids. Prior to the experiment the turbot were weaned for one week on a PL-free diet. The nine experimental diets were isolipidic and contained an equal amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids in the form of ethyl esters. They differed by their PL content (0, 1 or 2%) and by the PL class composition of the added soybean PL fractions.Compared to the PL-free diet, diets enriched with phosphatidylcholine (PC) resulted in a better growth, a higher triglyceride content (% body dry matter) and increased levels of docosahexaenoic acid (% total fatty acids) in each of the examined body lipid classes (neutral lipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol). The effects of the other soybean PL fractions were less explicit than those noted for soybean PC.The results support the idea that dietary PC plays a role in the intestinal absorption of neutral lipid fatty acids. This might, at least partially, explain the superiority of PC for enhancing growth. Abbreviations: DHA – docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3); EPA – eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3); HUFA – highly unsaturated fatty acid; PA – phosphatidic acid; PC – phosphatidylcholine; PE – phosphatidylethanolamine; PI – phosphatidylinositol; PL – phospholipid; PS – phosphatidylserine; PUFA – polyunsaturated fatty acid.  相似文献   

Determination of Fatty Acid Composition and Phospholipid Molecular Species of Large Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) Roe from China     

Peng Liang  Xinwei Cheng  Yanping Xu  Wenjian Cheng 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(10):1259-1265

The aim of this study is to investigate the composition of the fatty acids and phospholipids derived from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) roe. The composition of the total lipids and the molecular species of phospholipids were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and high performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC–ELSD), respectively. The results showed that large yellow croaker roe had high levels of the total lipid (19.6% ± 1.32%, w/w) and phospholipid (61.2% ± 1.22% of the total lipid). The phospholipid was rich in docosahexaenoic acid (31.0% ± 0.19% of the total phospholipids), and the major phospholipid molecular species was phosphatidylcholine (PC, 61.06% ± 0.02% of the total phospholipids, w/w). It was concluded that large yellow croaker roe is expected to be a good resource of phospholipids with a high content of PC.  相似文献