黄顶菊入侵域不同土层土壤微生物群落结构的比较   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王月  张玉曼  李乔  张风娟  万方浩 《河北农业大学学报》2016,(1):35-42

为了解黄顶菊入侵对不同土层土壤微生物群落空间分布情况的影响,利用同质园试验,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)生物标记法研究了黄顶菊入侵对不同土层土壤微生物群落结构和土壤微生物量的影响。结果表明:0~5,5~10,10~15cm土层中N处理和FN处理土壤微生物出现重叠,而与F处理差异较大。20~25,25~30cm土层中N处理和F处理出现重叠,且二者和FN处理差异显著。不同处理中代表细菌的PLFA16∶0Nalcohol在10~15,15~20cm土层内有较大量分布;16∶1ω5c(丛植菌真菌)在20~25,25~30cm土层内有较大量分布;在20~25,25~30cm土层中没有出现17∶0 10-methyl(放线菌);除20~25cm土层外18:3ω6,9,12c(真菌)在其他土层内均有较大量分布;cy19∶0ω8c(格兰氏阴性菌)在所有土层内分布都有明显差异。不同土层不同类型微生物PLFAs的种类和含量在黄顶菊不同入侵程度之间有差异。F样地的PLFAs含量均低于N样地及FN样地,随着黄顶菊入侵程度的加深,真菌/细菌值降低,而G+/G-的值升高。说明土壤微生物的群落结构与地上植物群落结构密切相关,基本表现为地上植物多样性越高,土壤微生物的量越多。  相似文献   

Influences of past application rates of nitrogen and a catch crop on soil microbial communities between an intensive rotation     

Weishou Shen  Nan Gao  Ju Min  Weiming Shi  Xinhua He 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(2):97-106

The aim of this study was to investigate influences of six-year past application rates of nitrogen and a catch crop, sweet corn (Zea mays L. ssp. Saccharata Sturt), on soil microbial community and diversity in a greenhouse-based intensive vegetable soil in eastern China. Soil electrical conductivity, pH, mineral nitrogen, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) profiles and carbon source utilization patterns under five annually past nitrogen rates (0, 348, 522, 696 and 870?kg?nitrogen?ha^?1) were evaluated after the establishment of sweet corn during 1–1.5-month fallow period over three-year tomato/cucumber/celery rotations. The past nitrogen application rates exerted significant effects on soil electrical conductivity, pH, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen and carbon source utilization patterns, but not on PLFAs profiles. The sweet corn had a significant effect on soil chemical properties, total and actinobacterial PLFAs, but not on carbon source utilization patterns. Soil electrical conductivity, nitrate-nitrogen and the total PLFAs decreased whilst soil organic carbon, pH and the actinobacterial PLFAs increased after the establishment of sweet corn. Soil microbial functional diversity from carbon source utilization patterns and actinobacterial PLFAs were greatest after the establishment of sweet corn at a 60% of the conventional nitrogen rate (i.e. 522?kg?nitrogen?ha^?1). Soil electrical conductivity and ammonium-nitrogen were two key factors to determine carbon source utilization patterns, whilst soil pH was the key factor to determine PLFAs profiles. A combination of the catch crop sweet corn during summer fallow and a 60% of the conventional nitrogen rate is a sustainable pathway of utilizing greenhouse-based intensive vegetable soils in eastern China.  相似文献   

套种棘托竹荪对毛竹林土壤理化性质、磷脂脂肪酸特性和酶活性的影响     

王波  沈泉  朱炜  沈鑫  李琴 《广东林业科技》2016,32(4):28-32

对套种棘托竹荪(Dictyophora echinovolvata)毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.pubescens)林土壤理化性质、土壤磷脂脂肪酸特性及其土壤酶活性进行了研究.结果表明:相比未套种林分毛竹林套种棘托竹荪能显著增加土壤有机质含量(P＜0.05),土壤pH值提高了4.97％;显著提高了全氮、速效氮、全磷的含量,增加了钾的活性(P＜0.05);微生物群落结构存在差异,套种显著提高了土壤总PLFA、细菌和真菌的含量(P＜0.05),细菌/真菌比值有所下降;脲酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、氧化氢酶、磷酸酶的活性显著升高(P＜0.05),分别比未套种提高了58.33％、50.00％、21.43％、19.12％、5.43％.  相似文献   

潜流式人工湿地消纳城市污水厂尾水微生物特性及机制     

胡林潮  周新程  邓文  陈萍  陈晶  张文艺 《保鲜与加工》2016,(6):135-141

为揭示潜流式人工湿地消纳城市污水厂尾水微生物特性及机制,以位于常州市城北污水处理厂内的潜流式人工湿地消纳城市污水厂尾水旁路试验系统中的植物根系、湿地填料及湿地土壤中微生物为研究对象,通过镜检、脲酶、磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）等分析手段对其进行相关研究。结果表明,植物根系、填料中含有团藻等菌胶团和轮虫、变形虫等原生动物,团藻等菌胶团通过自身新陈代谢及光合作用,利用尾水中N、P进行生物代谢,去除低碳源条件下尾水中的N、P等。湿地脲酶平均含量（N）约为22.43 mg/g,其活性与TN的去除呈线性相关,活性越高,TN去除率越高。消纳城市污水厂尾水湿地填料中饱和脂肪酸（PLFA）含量为99.30%,不饱和脂肪酸含量仅为0.70%,这与潜流式人工湿地处理城市污水中的PLFA含量有很大差别（分别为76.97%、23.03%）。以脂肪酸生物标记量为指标,显示湿地填料中形成了以好养细菌为优势种群的微生物生态结构。团藻、好氧微生物是低碳源尾水中TN等污染物去除的主要载体微生物。  相似文献   

种植年限对土壤性状、微生物群落及脐橙果实品质的影响     

官雪芳  林碧芬  徐庆贤  钱蕾  林斌 《浙江农业学报》2012,24(1):105-113

以纽荷尔脐橙为试材,于2010年测定了福建上杭县新元果业和绿然生态农庄脐橙果园区两样地种植8年和13年相应园区土壤营养状况、土壤微生物及脐橙果实品质.结果表明:随着种植年限的增加,两样地土壤中只有速效K的含量呈显著上升趋势,TN、水解性N、TP、速效P、有机质的含量变化趋势不一致,交换性Ca、交换性Mg、有效S差异不显著,两种植年限土壤除了pH值低于适宜指标外,其余各元素均在适宜指标范围内;除了8年种龄的样地Ⅰ外,两样地其余处理的PLFAs种类、生物标记i 16∶0,14∶0,20∶0,15∶0,a15∶0, 10 Me 16∶0,10 Me18∶0等的相对生物量均显著高于对照;样地Ⅱ生态指数中优势度指数Simpson、丰富度Shannon、多样性指数McIntosh等均显著高于对照;随着树龄的增加,两样地脐橙果实总糖、还原糖、可溶性固型物含量均显著上升趋势,Vc、总酸、糖酸比、固酸比变化趋势不一致,单果重、可食率、果型指数差异不显著.  相似文献   

典型农田土壤的磷脂脂肪酸分析方法的比较     

付晓倩  黄巧云  陈雯莉 《华中农业大学学报》2017,36(3):1-6

以湖北省武穴市典型农田土壤为研究对象,对现有的磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)提取方法加以改进,分别通过设置不同甲醇萃取时间、不同土壤样品量梯度以及不同正己烷溶解量梯度以确定磷脂脂肪酸提取过程中的甲醇萃取效率、最适土样量和最适溶解量。试验发现,甲醇开始萃取得到的待测样品即为目标样品,用于PLFA提取的武穴典型农田土壤最适提取量为2g,用250μL正己烷溶解的待测样品经检测能够得到有效完整的磷脂脂肪酸数据。为验证改进后的磷脂脂肪酸提取方法的效果,进一步分析了武穴地区种植不同农作物(一季稻、双季稻和油菜)的农田土壤微生物组成,结果表明,该方法的稳定性和重复性良好,能够反映武穴地区典型农田土壤的微生物群落结构。  相似文献   

有机质添加对铅污染农田土生态功能稳定性的影响研究     

杨惠子  陈明龙  周怡然  李璇  穆清  王丽娜  王贵鑫  张园 《农业环境科学学报》2017,36(4):694-701

应用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析方法,研究有机质的添加对受到不同程度铅污染的土壤中微生物群落的结构和多样性的影响,探讨土壤有机质含量与铅污染土壤稳定性的相关关系。结果表明:在受到重金属铅污染的土壤微生物群落中细菌占主导地位;土壤铅污染越严重、有机质含量越低,土壤微生物的多样性越低,反之多样性越高;革兰氏阴性菌和真菌与有机质含量和土壤稳定性呈显著正相关关系(P0.01)。可通过提高铅污染土壤中有机质含量来增强土壤的生态功能稳定性。  相似文献   

Characteristics of soil microbial biomass and community composition in Pinus yunnanensis var. Tenuifolia secondary forests     

Sufang Yu  Guanghui She  Shaoming Ye  Xiaoguo Zhou  Xianyu Yao 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2018,37(8):753-770

Pinus yunnanensis var. Tenuifolia is an important species of timber and grease in southern China, but the characteristics of the soil microbial community in P. yunnanensis var. natural secondary forests are still poorly understood. Using a fumigation-extraction method and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, we study microbial biomass and community composition in the topsoil (0–10 cm) of three types of secondary forests (PYI, PYII, PYIII) dominated by P. yunnanensis var. to varing degrees. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, total PLFA, and PLFA contents of bacterial, fungal, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were significantly lower in PYI than PYII or PYIII, and there were significant differences in the monounsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio among the tested forests. Principal component analysis indicated that the soil microbial community structure of the tested forests differed significantly. The changes in soil microbial biomass and community composition were positively correlated with soil water content, pH, organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus. Season did not significantly affect the soil microbial community structure, but significantly affected soil microbial biomass, SOM, and TN, which were higher in the dry season than in the wet season.  相似文献   

放牧改变了藏北高原高寒草甸土壤微生物群落     

付刚  沈振西 《草业学报》2017,26(10):170-178

本研究基于2008年7月布设的3个围栏与自由放牧样地(一个高寒草原化草甸,冬季牧场;一个高寒草原化草甸,夏季牧场;一个典型高寒草甸,夏季牧场),开展了藏北高原高寒草甸土壤微生物群落组成对放牧的响应研究。土壤微生物群落组成采用磷脂脂肪酸方法(phospholipid fatty-acid,PLFA)测定。结果表明,冬季放牧显著降低了高寒草原化草甸的土壤真菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、放线菌和原生动物。夏季放牧显著降低了典型高寒草甸的土壤总PLFA、真菌、细菌、革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、放线菌、丛枝菌根真菌和原生动物。基于冗余度分析,3个放牧与围栏条件下的土壤微生物群落组成都存在显著差异。土壤无机氮和水溶性有机氮显著影响着高寒草原化草甸冬季牧场的土壤微生物群落组成,而硝态氮和水溶性有机碳显著影响着高寒草原化草甸夏季牧场和典型高寒草甸夏季牧场的土壤微生物群落组成。因此,放牧对高寒草甸土壤微生物群落的影响与放牧季节和草地类型有关。  相似文献   

Season and soil management affect soil microbial communities estimated using phospholipid fatty acid analysis in a continuous cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) cropping system     

Hiroyasu TABUCHI  Kotaro KATO  Ichio NIOH 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(3):369-378

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