Surface-active phospholipid (surfactant) in equine tendon and tendon sheath fluid     

PC Mills  Y Hills  BA Hills 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):154-156

AIM: To investigate the presence of surface-active phospholipid (SAPL, or surfactant) in equine tendon and tendon sheath fluid.

METHODS: The left front flexor tendon and sheath were removed from five Thoroughbred horses. Phospholipid was extracted from tendon sheath fluid using Folch reagent and quantifi ed using spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the tendon surfaces.

RESULTS: The presence of phospholipid (90.6 (SD 4.3) μg/ml) in tendon sheath fluid, plus the appearance of oligolamellar layers and lamellar bodies on the tendon surface were indicative of SAPL.

CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of SAPL was found in equine tendon, and may have a similar lubricating function as reported for synovial joints.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings may have important implications for normal tendon function and possible therapeutic adjuncts for tendon and tendon sheath injuries.  相似文献   

大河乌猪磷酸酯转移蛋白基因内含子4的SNPs检测及其与生产性能的关联分析     

李福泉  杨文  郭斌  霍金龙  史宪伟 《中国畜牧兽医》2013,(7):143-148

本研究旨在阐明猪磷酸酯转移蛋白(phospholipid transfer protein,PLTP)基因第4内含子多态性及其与生长性状之间的关系。结果表明,该位点具有2种等位基因A/a,F4、F5、F6各群体中的基因频率分别为0.4172/0.5828、0.4155/0.5845、0.4309/0.5691。取不同基因型纯合子样品进行测序,共发现4个单核苷酸多态位点(SNPs),其有3个突变为转换,1个为颠换,多态位点分别为1085、1192、1286和1305 bp。应用最小二乘模型分析不同基因型对生长性状(初生重、45日龄体重、4月龄体重及6月龄体重、体高、体长、管围、背膘厚)的影响。结果显示,F4代各性状基因型间差异不显著(P>0.05);F5代Aa基因型个体初生重及背膘厚显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),与aa基因型个体间差异不显著(P>0.05);F6代aa基因型个体4月龄体重及Aa基因型个体6月龄管围都极显著高于AA基因型(P<0.01),aa基因型个体6月龄体高显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),Aa基因型个体初生重显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05)。另外,Aa基因型的雌性个体对初生重及膘厚性状的影响较AA基因型高(P<0.05);Aa基因型雄性个体对管围性状的影响较AA基因型高(P<0.01)。研究结果提示猪PLTP基因Aa基因型对生长性状有着重要的影响,该SNP可能是改良猪经济性状的重要分子标记位点。  相似文献   

Nutrition of Marine Fish Larvae     

《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1-2):103-143

ABSTRACT

In the hatchery production of aquatic animals for aquaculture, livefoods such as diatoms; rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis and brine shrimp, Artemia salina, have been used throughout the world. However, such production requires large facilities, maintenance expenses, and labor to produce a desired amount of live foods constantly and reliably. Also, the nutritive value of planktonic organisms is occasionally variable, indicating that the dietary quality of these live foods varies with the content of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA). Therefore it is necessary to develop microparticulate diets as a substitute for live foods to further increase theproductivity of seed for fish culture. The nutritional components of microparticulate diets for fish larvae should be determined on the basis of requirements of the larval fish for proteins and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, the efficient development of microparticulate diets for the fish larvae has promoted the improvement of nutritional requirement studies. The present reviewconcerning the nutrition of marine fish larvae focuses on the proteins, amino acids, peptides, fatty acids, phospholipids, depigmentation of flatfish, stress tolerance of lipids, incorporation of HUFA in neural tissues, HUFA in egg and larvae, HUFA enrichment of live food, carbohydrates, vitamins, energy source during embryo and larval stages, enzyme supplement in microparticulate diets, and application of microparticulate diets inaquaculture.  相似文献   

富含硫氨基酸转基因大豆对根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

桂恒  张培培  华小梅  彭欣  孔令如  陈丰  戚金亮  喻德跃  杨永华 《中国油料作物学报》2012,34(2):181-187

选用两组转基因品质改良大豆（富含硫氨基酸）为材料,利用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）法分析了在大田种植条件下,两组转基因大豆对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,与非转基因大豆相比,转基因品种土壤微生物群落的结构发生明显的变化。在两组转基因品种中PLFA组分均发生变化,其中转基因品种A组中占主导地位的14种分别是是革兰氏阳性菌（GP）的特征脂肪酸16:0、10Me18:0和好氧细菌特征脂肪酸18:1ω7c,Ｂ组中占主导地位的13种是表征GP的脂肪酸15:0、16:0和非特征脂肪酸14Me16:0。在A组的OE-8品种及B组的17-4和57品种中,表征细菌的PLFA含量和总PLFA含量与非转基因品种相比有显著上升。结果表明种植转基因大豆影响根际土壤微生物群落结构。  相似文献   

Lipids of Prokaryotic Origin at the Base of Marine Food Webs     

Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho  Maria José Caramujo 《Marine drugs》2012,10(12):2698-2714

In particular niches of the marine environment, such as abyssal trenches, icy waters and hot vents, the base of the food web is composed of bacteria and archaea that have developed strategies to survive and thrive under the most extreme conditions. Some of these organisms are considered “extremophiles” and modulate the fatty acid composition of their phospholipids to maintain the adequate fluidity of the cellular membrane under cold/hot temperatures, elevated pressure, high/low salinity and pH. Bacterial cells are even able to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, contrarily to what was considered until the 1990s, helping the regulation of the membrane fluidity triggered by temperature and pressure and providing protection from oxidative stress. In marine ecosystems, bacteria may either act as a sink of carbon, contribute to nutrient recycling to photo-autotrophs or bacterial organic matter may be transferred to other trophic links in aquatic food webs. The present work aims to provide a comprehensive review on lipid production in bacteria and archaea and to discuss how their lipids, of both heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic origin, contribute to marine food webs.  相似文献   

酸雨胁迫对花生种子萌发的影响及其生理机制     

王艾平  徐芬芬 《河南农业科学》2016,(6):30-33

为探明酸雨胁迫影响花生种子萌发的生理机制,采用模拟酸雨胁迫萌发期花生种子的方法,研究了不同p H值酸雨对花生种子萌发过程中磷脂含量和水解酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同p H值酸雨胁迫对花生种子萌发均有一定的抑制作用,且随着p H值的降低,抑制作用加强;花生种子磷脂含量随p H值的减小呈降低趋势,p H值≤4.0时磷脂含量极显著低于CK(p H值6.5);随酸雨p H值的减小,花生种子淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶等水解酶活性均呈下降趋势,p H值4.0~5.0为酸雨极显著抑制花生水解酶活性的p H阈值;种子呼吸速率与酸雨p H值呈显著正相关。可见,酸雨主要通过降低种子呼吸强度,抑制水解酶活性,进而抑制种子萌发。  相似文献   

玉米秸秆对土壤有机质含量及微生物群落结构的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

丁红利  马晓玥  李玖然  张磊 《贵州农业科学》2016,(10):77-83

为秸秆还田改善土壤生态功能提供理论依据,以添加秸秆后不同有机质含量变化的土壤为研究对象,利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法测定土壤微生物群落结构的分布,分析土壤微生物结构与有机质含量变化的关系。结果表明:玉米秸秆添加后引起土壤有机质呈大幅正向增加(I_1)、小幅度正向增加(I2)和负向变化(I_3)3种趋势,其中小幅度正向增加的I2磷脂脂肪酸的种类和绝对含量均低于I_1和I_3,而直链单不饱和脂肪酸/环丙烷脂肪酸(A/B)、直链饱和脂肪酸/直链单不饱和脂肪酸(C/A)、支链异构饱和脂肪酸/支链反异构饱和脂肪酸(iso/anteiso)值均高于I_1和I_3;有机质大幅正向增加的I_1磷脂脂肪酸的种类和绝对含量为3组中最高,且玉米秸秆处理过程中刺激16:0、18:1w6c、18:1w9c、16:0 10-methyl和19:0cyclo w8c所表征的优势类群的增殖,特征性菌群细菌/真菌和革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌(G+/G—)比值较I_1和I2低;有机质负向变化的I_3土壤中表征优势类群的磷脂脂肪酸的绝对含量均低于I_1,且支链饱和脂肪酸绝对含量为3组土壤中最高;主成分分析表明,I_1和I_3土壤微生物种类间无明显差别。土壤初始有机质含量高,玉米秸秆添加后土壤有机质变化幅度大,土壤微生物种类及丰度高。  相似文献   

Responses of Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community Composition to Moisture Regimes in Paddy Soils Under Long-Term Fertilization Practices   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LI Weitao  WU Meng  LIU Ming  JIANG Chunyu  CHEN Xiaofen  Yakov KUZYAKOV  J&#;rg RINKLEBE  LI Zhongpei 《土壤圈》2018,28(2):323-331

The effects of fertilization on activity and composition of soil microbial community depend on nutrient and water availability;however,the combination of these factors on the response of microorganisms was seldom studied.This study investigated the responses of soil microbial community and enzyme activities to changes in moisture along a gradient of soil fertility formed within a long-term(24 years)field experiment.Soils(0–20 cm)were sampled from the plots under four fertilizer treatments:i)unfertilized control(CK),ii)organic manure(M),iii)nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers(NPK),and iv)NPK plus M(NPK+M).The soils were incubated at three moisture levels:constant submergence,five submerging-draining cycles(S-D cycles),and constant moisture content at 40%water-holding capacity(low moisture).Compared with CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon(SOC) by 30.1%–36.3%,total N by 27.3%–38.4%,available N by 35.9%–56.4%,available P by 61.4%–440.9%,and total P by 28.6%–102.9%.Soil fertility buffered the negative effects of moisture on enzyme activities and microbial community composition.Enzyme activities decreased in response to submergence and S-D cycles versus low moisture.Compared with low moisture,S-D cycles increased total phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)and actinomycete,fungal,and bacterial PLFAs.The increased level of PLFAs in the unfertilized soil after five S-D cycles was greater than that in the fertilized soil.Variations in soil microbial properties responding to moisture separated CK from the long-term fertilization treatments.The coefficients of variation of microbial properties were negatively correlated with SOC,total P,and available N.Soils with higher fertility maintained the original microbial properties more stable in response to changes in moisture compared to low-fertility soil.  相似文献   

外源磺胺二甲嘧啶对施用粪肥的菜地土壤中微生物群落多样性的影响     

王美  张文娟  郑粤琪  陈思远  孙永学 《华南农业大学学报》2018,39(6):24-31

【目的】明确磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)随粪便施入土壤对土壤微生物群落造成的影响,为合理进行养殖场周围土壤环境质量评估和施肥管理提供参考依据。【方法】收集养殖场附近未经抗生素污染的粪便和土壤,构建粪便–土壤模型,设置不同SM2添加剂量的处理,分别为对照组(0)、低剂量组(5μg·kg~(-1))、中剂量组(500μg·kg~(-1))和高剂量组(5 000μg·kg~(-1)),并分别于粪便和SM2施入1、7、14和50 d后采集土壤样品,采用Biolog技术以及磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)标记法对比分析不同处理组土壤微生物群落的碳源利用能力、菌群结构和功能多样性变化。【结果】SM2的施入提高了土壤微生物群落的总体碳源利用能力,中、高剂量组在施入50 d时对除酯类以外的其他碳源利用能力均强于对照组。低剂量组在施入7 d内对各类碳源利用能力增强,中、高剂量SM2的施入可能会影响土壤群落某些优势物种的繁殖和数量分配。随施入时间的延长,土壤微生物群落对不同剂量SM2反应不同,革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌以及真菌数量变化显著,放线菌变化不明显。【结论】SM2的施入将长期影响土壤微生物群落的结构与功能多样性。养殖场应及时处理动物排泄物以消除抗生素残留,减少粪肥对土壤环境造成的生态破坏。  相似文献   

氟苯尼考与其磷脂复合物在大鼠小肠的吸收差异     

凡国庆  刘梦娇  符华林 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,45(5):21-25

【目的】比较氟苯尼考及其磷脂复合物在大鼠小肠中的吸收情况。【方法】采用平衡法测定氟苯尼考及其磷脂复合物的溶解度和脂水分配系数,采用离体外翻肠囊法研究氟苯尼考及其磷脂复合物在大鼠不同肠段的吸收情况,同时采用单向在体肠灌流法重点考察氟苯尼考及其磷脂复合物在大鼠十二指肠的吸收差异。【结果】氟苯尼考磷脂复合物较氟苯尼考原药的溶解度提高了36.14%,脂水分配系数降低了47.62%,且在大鼠小肠各段的促进吸收率大小表现为十二指肠回肠空肠。氟苯尼考磷脂复合物在十二指肠的表观吸收系数(P_(app))、有效渗透系数(P_(eff))和吸收速率常数(K_a)较氟苯尼考原药分别增加了121.93%,109.48%和90.83%。【结论】氟苯尼考磷脂复合物可以促进氟苯尼考在大鼠小肠中的吸收。  相似文献