组织培养中大葱染色体倍性变异的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄晓梅  李桂英  梁艳  陈典 《中国农学通报》2005,21(1):50-50

采用大葱茎尖分生组织直接成苗及分化丛生苗、茎盘诱导愈伤组织培养再生植株,通过染色体压片,对大葱愈伤组织及幼苗染色体数目变化进行了研究。结果表明,茎尖分生组织培养的幼苗及丛生苗遗传稳定,其染色体未发生倍性变异,均为2n=16;愈伤组织及其再生苗遗传稳定性较差,愈伤组织染色体数变异率为43.4%,其中单倍体占6.7%、三倍体占2.5%、四倍体占10%、五倍体占4.2%、六倍体占3.3%、七倍体占4.2%、八倍体占3.3%、非整倍体占9.2%;愈伤组织分化苗染色体变异率为11.7%,其中单倍体占6.7%,三倍体占1.7%,四倍体占3.3%。  相似文献   

Analyses of phenotype and ARGOS and ASY1 expression in a ploidy Chinese cabbage series derived from one haploid     

Ai Xia Gu  Jian Jun Zhao  Li Min Li  Yan Hua Wang  Yu Jing Zhao  Fan Hua  Yuan Chao Xu  Shu Xing Shen 《Breeding Science》2016,66(2):161-168

The aim of this research was to improve our understanding of how ploidy level influences phenotype and gene expression in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Haploid plants (2n = 10) was induced by 0.2% colchicine to produce diploid (2n = 20) and tetraploid plants (2n = 40). The aneuploid (2n = 24) was also obtained by hybridization between diploid plants as the female and tetraploid plants. The ploidy levels of all plants were identified through chromosome counts and flow cytometry. Leaves and petals became larger as the ploidy level increased from haploid to diploid, and from aneuploid to tetraploid. Similarly, expression of ARGOS was regulated by genome size, increasing in parallel with the level of ploidy. Among the four ploidy types, expression was stronger in the floral buds than in the leaves. Expression by ASY1 also differed according to ploidy level, being highest in diploid plants, followed in order by tetraploids. Expression was similar between haploids and aneuploids at two stages—prior to and after meiosis—but was higher in the haploids during meiosis. When buds were compared within the same ploidy type at different stages, ASY1 expression was obviously higher during meiosis than either before or after. Our study demonstrated the generation and phenotype of a ploidy Chinese cabbage series derived from one haploid. Expression of genes ARGOS and ASY1 were modulated by genome size in this ploidy series, and the regulated patterns of the two genes was different.  相似文献   

Evaluation of genetic diversity of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] on different ploidy levels applying two capillary platforms     

Barbara Pipan  Dragan Žnidarčič  Vladimir Meglič 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(2):192-198

The genetic composition of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] (2n = 6x = 90) is reflected in different levels of genetic variation. The main objective of the present study was a comparison of genetic diversity parameters of different ploidy levels (2n, 4n, and 6n codominant allele determination), analyzed on two high-resolution capillary platforms. Fragment analysis was performed by applying SSR markers on a 3130XL Genetic Analyzer (ABI 3130) and QIAxcel Advanced System (QX). A high level of expected heterozygosity (He) as a measure of genetic diversity was observed for both ABI3130 (0.731) and QX (0.679). Molecular variance was 17% for ABI3130 and 10% for QX. Comparison between genetic distance matrices based on allele lengths showed a moderate Mantel correlation coefficient (rxy = 0.557) between ABI3130 and QX. Global cluster analysis using the Bayesian approach distributed the observed genotypes into two clusters on both capillary platforms. Our results show that the two high-resolution capillary electrophoreses for codominant data on 2n, 4n, and 6n levels are applicable in genetic diversity studies but their efficiency depends on in-resolution expectations, financial resources, available time, and the equipment of the laboratory.  相似文献   

抱子甘蓝花培苗倍性的快速鉴定   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

周元昌  S.KENNEDY 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,31(1):55-58

采用花药培养获得加倍单倍体 (DH)是甘蓝类蔬菜自交不亲和系选育的主要方法之一 .然而 ,花药培养后代是倍性水平不同的混合群体 ,及早鉴定出真正的 DH具有重要的意义 .本文阐述 DNA流式细胞仪测定法和形态学鉴定法在花培苗倍性鉴定上的应用 ,并以抱子甘蓝的花培苗群体为材料 ,采用这两种方法鉴定其倍性组成 .结果表明 ,DNA流式细胞仪测定法可以鉴别群体的各种倍性水平 ,而形态学鉴别法可以把群体中的二倍体与单倍体、四倍体及其它倍体分开 .若以 DNA流式细胞仪测定法的鉴定结果为标准 ,苗期形态学鉴定的准确率可达 94.2 % .与 DNA流式细胞仪测定法相比 ,形态学鉴定方法具有更快速、简便和实用性强等特点  相似文献   

辣椒染色体倍性水平的快速检测   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张菊平  巩振辉  刘珂珂 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,35(8):121-124

为了寻求简便、快速的辣椒染色体倍性鉴定方法,以辣椒纯系B19、B23花药培养产生的单倍体植株(n=x=12)及用其种子长成的二倍体植株为试材,对用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法鉴定其倍数性进行了研究。结果表明,单倍体和二倍体辣椒植株气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数平均值的差异极显著,单倍体的叶绿体数在13以下,二倍体的叶绿体数等于或大于13;气孔叶绿体数目随染色体倍数性的增加而增加,用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目预测植株倍性的准确率可达92.68%。表明采用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法可以在苗期快速、准确地确定植株的染色体倍性。  相似文献   

NaCl胁迫对不同染色体倍性西瓜种子发芽特性的影响     

阎志红  刘文革  石玉宝  刘海勇 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(1)

用盐水浸种催芽方法,通过对蜜枚西瓜的二倍体、三倍体、四倍体在不同浓度NaCl胁迫下种子的发芽率、胚轴长度以及鲜重、发芽指数、活力指数等指标的测定,在30-90mmol／L低浓度下,倍性之间相对发芽率没有明显差异;在120 mmol／L以上浓度时,不同倍性之间差异明显,在150mmol／L NaCl胁迫下。其M4x、M3x、M2x相对发芽率分别为77.8％、63.4％、30.6％,180mmol／L时分别为37.8％、31.7％、0,在210mmol／L时,M4x和M3x仍然有种子萌发,耐盐性为M4x>M3x>M2x。  相似文献   

2种鉴定泥鳅多倍体方法的比较   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

高泽霞  王卫民  周小云 《华中农业大学学报》2007,26(4):524-527

以湖北省武汉市、沙市、恩施、枝江4个地理种群的天然泥鳅各30尾为材料,采用计数染色体和测量红细胞大小2种方法,鉴定了4个地理种群泥鳅的倍性。染色体计数采用体内注射PHA短期培养法,经鉴定,武汉和沙市地理种群的泥鳅为四倍体,恩施和枝江地理种群的泥鳅为二倍体。红细胞测量采用常规血涂片法,用显微测微尺测量每尾鱼100个红细胞的大小,分析和比较了二倍体和四倍体泥鳅红细胞及其核的长径、短径、面积和体积。经统计分析表明,四倍体泥鳅的红细胞和红细胞核极显著地大于二倍体泥鳅,其中红细胞核体积鉴定二倍体和四倍体泥鳅的准确率达到90.6%以上。通过对这2种鉴定泥鳅多倍体方法的比较,发现均能得到较高的准确率,其中红细胞核大小测量法较为简便,可操作性强,表明红细胞核的大小可作为大规模鉴定天然泥鳅倍性的一个较好指标。  相似文献   

麻黄愈伤组织诱导及其倍性鉴定     

高玉红  李胜  张真  武季玲  牛俊义  杨广兴  李婷  姜寒玉  汪建政 《甘肃农业大学学报》2005,40(6):737-740

以草麻黄幼苗的幼茎和下胚轴为外植体,采用不同激素组合及浓度配比的MS培养基进行愈伤组织的诱导。结果表明:草麻黄幼茎愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+1．1mg／L 2,4-D+0．2 mg／L KT。在MS+2 mg／L 6-BA +0．2 mg／L IAA的培养基上,下胚轴的诱导率高于幼茎。愈伤组织继代增殖的最佳培养基为MS+0．5mg／L 2,4-D +0．2 mg／L 6-BA,在其上继续生长,形成淡绿色、致密的愈伤组织,愈伤组织细胞主要为二倍体,也有少量的亚二倍体细胞和其它倍性细胞产生。  相似文献   

烟草染色体倍性快速鉴定方法   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

朱惠琴  张宪银  薛庆中 《农业生物技术学报》2006,14(2):255-258

摘要: 对两个杂交组合(G28 × NC2326和K326 × Coker176) F1烟草 (Nicotiana tabacum) 花药培养诱导出763个不同倍性植株。基于植株的花和种子结实率常规鉴定倍性水平比较，用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目预测植株倍性准确率达93.52%。表明采用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法可以在苗期快速、准确地确定植株染色体倍性。同时, 在移栽前间接地鉴定、筛选出叶绿体数<14的单倍体苗，作进一步秋水仙碱加倍处理，以减少对单倍体材料的浪费，加快DH群体构建速度。  相似文献   

Polygon of crossability between eleven species of Ipomoea: section Batatas (Convolvulaceae)     

Jaime Diaz  Peter Schmiediche  Daniel F. Austin 《Euphytica》1996,88(3):189-200

Summary Crossability within Ipomoea section Batatas is complex because of genetic, cytogenetic and physiological interactions. This complexity is responsible for the fact that knowledge about phylogenetic relationships within this section remains preliminary. Between 1988 and 1991, studies of planting, pollination and evaluation of progenies were carried out at the facilities of CIP in La Molina and San Ramon, Peru. Self-compatibility was found in nine diploid species. Self-incompatibility was found in diploid I. trifida, tetraploid I. tiliacea and both tetraploid and hexaploid I. batatas. Sexual compatibility is though to be related to a multiallelic sporophytic incompatibility system which is expressed in the stigmatic papillae. Altogether, 4,162 cross pollinations were made between 11 species and 76 interspecific combinations of 110 possible combinations in a diallel 11×11 design. From these 76 interspecific combinations only 38 survived, and in these crossability (= proportion between number of fruits harvested/pollinations made) ranged from 0.01 to 1.00 at La Molina. At San Ramon, 11 out of 17 cross combinations were successful, and in these crossability ranged from 0.01 to 0.71. Crossability appeared to be influenced by latitude which is related to flowering synchrony. The early death of seedlings is hypothesized to be related to a genomic imbalance between embryo and endosperm. Maternal effects were found in crosses between diploids and tetraploids which produced triploid and diploid offspring, and in crosses between hexaploids and diploids which gave rise to hexaploid offspring. This study shows that I. trifida and I. x leucantha may act as bridge species for gene flow from wild Ipomoea species to the genepool of the sweetpotato.  相似文献